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Impact of Atmospheric Air Pollution on the Medical Geographical Situation

(In the example of Tashkent region)

Komilakhon Khusanova

PhD student, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Email: xusanovakomilaxon711@gmail.com

Abstract: In this article, the impact of atmospheric air pollution on the medical geographical situation is highlighted in the example of the Tashkent region. Information about toxic substances polluting atmospheric air and their sources is given. Some aspects of population morbidity indicators of the Tashkent region related to atmospheric air pollution are highlighted.

[Komilakhon Khusanova. Impact of Atmospheric Air Pollution on the Medical Geographical Situation (In the example of Tashkent region). Nat Sci 2024,22(8):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.01.

Keywords: atmospheric air pollution, medical-geographic situation, population diseases, types of diseases, industrial enterprises, industrial cities, negative impact.

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Effect of Polyethylene terphalet (PET) on mechanical and optical properties of Polylactic acid (PLA) for packaging application

Nadia A. Ali

Physics Department, University of Baghdad, College of Science, Iraq

Nadia2seb@yahoo.com

Abstract   Blends of polyethylene terphalet (PET) with polylactic acid (PLA) were investigated to study the influence of the additive of PET on (tear,  impact strength)  and (transparency , color ). The compositions were prepared in wt (20/80), (50/50), (80/20) . Mechanical properties like tear strength and Impact Izod, and optical properties like colors and transparency were also reported. Polyethylene terphaletee decrease the tear strength when additive  PET and Impact Izod strength of PLA was increased when additive PET when tested in the machine directions. Optical property such as colors was increased and the value of transparency was decreased as the loading of PET increased.

[Nadia A. Ali. Effect of Polyethylene terphalet (PET) on mechanical and optical properties of  Polylactic acid (PLA) for packaging application. Nat Sci 2024,22(8):7-10]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.02.

Key words: PET, PLA , tear strength , impact strength , color and Transparency

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Genetic Architecture of Yield Related Traits in Hexaploid Wheat

HAFIZ GHULAM MUHU-DIN AHMED^12*, SANA E MUSTAFA¹, ABDUS SALAM KHAN¹

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

²Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA

^*For correspondence: ahmedbreeder@gmail.com

Abstract: A 5 × 5 diallel cross using five wheat varieties/lines namely Saher-2006, Imdad-2006, 6500, 9242 and 9780 was carried out to examine the genetics of yield and yield related traits. All the traits studied have shown high level of significance after analysis of variance. The graphic representation demonstrated that grain yield per plant, plant height, peduncle length and number of spikelets per spike were governed by partial dominance suggesting selection in early segregating generations for good improvement in these characters while presence of over-dominance for the traits like spike length, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight made selection difficult in early generation. All the traits studied have shown absence of epistasis except number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight.

[HAFIZ GHULAM MUHU-DIN AHMED, SANA E MUSTAFA, ABDUS SALAM KHAN. Genetic Architecture of Yield Related Traits in Hexaploid Wheat. Nat Sci 2024,22(8):11-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.03.

Keywords: genetic architecture, diallel, gene action, epistasis

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AREVIEW ON AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF MILK AND ITS PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION

Senait Belay¹, Askale Abrhaley² and Dr. Kebede Amenu¹

¹School of veterinary medicine, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Hawassa University, P.O.BOX.05

²College of veterinary medicine and animal science, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O.BOX:196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Corresponding author: Senait Belay, E-mail:senaitbelay223@gmail.com

SUMMARY: Aflatoxins are toxic compounds that are produced by certain strains of molds, namely, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These molds may invade stressed crops in the field or proliferate in improperly stored feed..Animals are exposed to aflatoxin by consumption of feeds that are contaminated by aflatoxin-producing fungal strains during growth, harvest or storage. Dairy cows are one of the many species of animals that may suffer both long-term and short-term adverse effects from consuming aflatoxin contaminated feed. When cows are fed contaminated feed, aflatoxin B1 is converted by hydroxylation to aflatoxin M1, which is subsequently secreted in the milk of lactating cows. Aflatoxin M1 is quite stable towards the normal milk processing methods such as pasteurization and if present in raw milk, it may persist into final products for human consumption. AFM1analysis was conducted by various methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunoassays; but the ELISA method is mostly used  because of its rapidity, simplicity and cheapness. Aflatoxins have been implicated in human health disorders including hepatocellular carcinoma, aflatoxicosis, Reye’s syndrome and chronic hepatitis. Most controlling government agencies worldwide have regulations regarding the amount of aflatoxins allowable in human and animal foodstuffs. Many countries have declared limits for the presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products. The European Community and Codex Alimentarius Commission prescribed that the maximum level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products should not exceed 50 ng/kg.Application of Good Agricultural Practices and Good Veterinary Practices by agriculture and also the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system as a draft code of practice for pre harvest and post-harvest control of dairy cow’s feed. In milk and dairy products processing is effective.

http://www.sciencepub.net/nature

[Senait Belay, Askale Abrhaley and Dr. Kebede Amenu. AREVIEW ON AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF MILK AND ITS PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION. Nat Sci 2024,22(8):18-27]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.04.

Key words: Aflatoxin, Milk, Dairy cow, HACCP

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Influence Of Rubber Effluent On The Microbial Population and Physicochemical properties Of  Soils

¹Iyakndue, M. L., ¹Brooks, A. A., ¹Unimke, A. A. and ²Agbor R.B

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

²Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar

E-mail: agborreagan@yahoo.com

Tel: +234 8063430125

Abstract: The study was carried out by artificially polluting an agricultural soil in Calabar with varying concentrations (0ml, 250ml, 500ml, 1000ml and 2000ml) of rubber effluent, in which 0ml served as a control, with the aim of assessing their effect on soil microflora and fertility .The polluted soil was analysed in terms of the following parameters; microbial population, soil PH organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, effective cation exchange capacity, exchangeable acidity and  base saturation. In the polluted soils, the total heterotrophic bacteria, total heterotrophic fungi and total heterotrophic actinomycetes increased significantly (p<0.05) with a decrease in the concentration of pollutants. The total heterotrophic bacteria and total heterotrophic actinomycetes showed significant reduction with an increase in the length of pollution while total heterotrophic fungi did not show difference (p>0.05) over the duration of pollution. Microorganisms isolated from the polluted soil were Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. Flavobacterium sp., Mucor sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillum sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., and Streptomyces sp. In the polluted soil, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium, available phosphorus, magnesium and sodium, showed significant differences (p<0.05) in their values with the control, while calcium , electrical conductivity, base saturation, effective cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable acidity did not show significant difference (p>0.05) with that of the control. The results of this study revealed that light application rubber effluent could enhance microbial proliferation and thus, increases soil fertility, while a heavy application inhibits the same.

[Iyakndue, M. L., Brooks, A. A., Unimke, A. A. and Agbor R.B. AInfluence Of Rubber Effluent On The Microbial Population and Physicochemical properties Of  Soils. Nat Sci 2024,22(8):28-37]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.05.

Key Words: Rubber, Effluent, Soil, Microbial, Population

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Effect of Royal Jelly and Ginger on the Histological Changes of the Testes of Cyclophosphamide-treated Adult Male Albino Rats

Prof. Dr. /Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Ebada,  Professor of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,  Al-Azhar University.

Prof. Dr. /Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Ebada, Professor of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University.

Dr. / Al-Sayed Al-Hady Abd-Elrhman, Lecturer of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine (Assuit),  Al-Azhar University.

Mohamed Fathy Abd El-Hameed Mohamed, M.B.B.Ch. Faculty of Medicine (Assuit),  Al-Azhar University.

Abstract: This study was done to evaluate the possible protective effects of royal jelly and ginger on cyclophosphamide -induced testicular damage in adult male albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats of an average body weight (250-300 g.) were randomly divided into two groups. One group (five rats) was served as the control group (group1) and other group 2 (fifteen rats) was served as treated group, which was subdivided into 3 equal subgroups (a, b and c). Subgroup (a): consisted of five rats that were treated with cyclophosphamide. Subgroup (b): consisted of five rats that were given royal jelly orally and cyclophosphamide. Subgroup (c): consisted of five rats that were given ginger and cyclophosphamide. The testes were excised and histologicaly prepared for a light and an electron microscopic examination. Light microscopic examination of cyclophosphamide treated adult male albino rat showed that the seminiferous tubules were markedly distorted. Most of the tubules showed many vacuoles. The lumina of the seminiferous tubules were devoid of spermatozoa. There was an increase in the amount of interstitial areas that contained some thick walled congested blood vessels. By electron microscopic examination there were marked affection of the cytoplasm of the germinal epithelial cells in the form of degenerated mitochondria, multiple lipid droplets and many empty spaces. Sertoli cells were rested on an irregular thickened basement membrane and its nucleus had an irregular nuclear membrane without nucleolus.   Royal jelly had a potent protective effect against the testicular toxicity of the cyclophosphamide and showed a notable effect compared to the effect of ginger.

[Prof. Dr. /Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Ebada.Prof. Dr. /Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Ebada. Dr. / Al-Sayed Al-Hady Abd-Elrhman. Mohamed Fathy Abd El-Hameed Mohamed.Effect of Royal Jelly and Ginger on the Histological Changes of the Testes of Cyclophosphamide-treated Adult Male Albino Rats. Nat Sci 2024,22(8):38-49].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  

06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.06.

Key words:Testis, Cyclophosphamide, Royal jelly, Ginger, Albino rat.

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About Changes in The Amount оf The Lower Amudarya Flow Under the Influence of Anthropogenic Factors

Khikmatov F., Umarov A.Z., Khaidarova O.A.

Faculty of Hydrometeorology, Hydrometeorology and Environment, Department of Environmental monitoring, National University of Uzbekistan,

Named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 100174, Uzbekistan

Тел: +998901193080, Email: alisherumarov392@gmail.com

Abstract. The article examines the issues of changes in the amount of water flowing from the Amu Darya to its lower part under the influence of large hydraulic structures built on the river. For this purpose, multi-year fluctuations of the river flow were analyzed based on the data of the Tuyamuyun hydrological station. Analyzes were performed for three accounting periods. It is shown that in the first accounting period (1930-1955), the amount of water flowing into the Lower Amudarya was stable, and in the second (1956-1990) and third (1991-1920) accounting periods, it gradually decreased.

[Khikmatov F., Umarov A.Z., Khaidarova O.A. About Changes in The Amount оf The Lower Amudarya Flow Under the Influence of Anthropogenic Factors. Nat Sci 2024,22(8):50-57]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 07. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220824.07.

Key words: river, water regime, discharge, anthropogenic factor, hydraulic facilities, flow volume, change, assessment.

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