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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE EXTRACTS OF Piper guineense (Schumach), and Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) AND HONEY ON SELECTED PNEUMONIC BACTERIA IN NIGERIA

Komolafe Busuyi Michael¹, Adebolu Tinuola Tokunbo², Oladejo Babayemi Olawale²

^1,2 Training Department, Federal Road Safety Corps, Nigeria/ Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

² Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

E-mail: komolafebusuyi19@gmail.com; bm.komolafe@frsc.gov.ng

ABSTRACT: Aim and Objective: Pneumonia is still a serious disease in most developing countries. Although, pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics but the issue of bacterial resistance to antibiotics leads to treatment failure. Therefore, there is the need to seek for alternative therapy of this infection. In this study, different extracts of Piper guineense (Seed), rhizome of Zingiber officinale and honey used to treat different ailments in folk medicine were examined for possible antibacterial activity on commonly encountered pneumonic bacteria in Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria.  The seeds of Piper guineense (African Black Pepper) and rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) were separately extracted using ethanol, N-hexane and hot water according to standard methods. Susceptibility of selected pneumonic bacteria to the extracts and honey singly and in combinations was determined using agar diffusion assay. The MIC, the MBC and the phytochemical profile of the extracts were carried out using standard methods. The in-vitro antibacterial assay of the different extracts of seed of Piper guineense, rhizome of Zingiber offiniale and honey shows that they exerted growth inhibitory activity on the test pneumonic bacteria with zone diameter ranging from 6.25 to 21.25mm which was superior to the one mediated by control antibiotics (amoxicillin, perfloxacilin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol) used with zone diameter ranging from 1.25 to 16.0mm.  Phytochemicals such as saponin, tannin, flavonoid, terpenoid, alkaloid and cardiac glycosides were detected in the extracts and honey. The findings showed that the different extracts of seeds of Piper guineense, rhizome of Zingiber officinale and honey exerted growth inhibitory activity that was superior to that of the antibiotics used against the test pneumonic bacteria in the in-vitro assay. Therefore the extracts has novel antibacterial properties that could be harnessed as alternatives for treating bacterial pneumonia.

[Komolafe Busuyi Michael, Adebolu Tinuola Tokunbo, Oladejo Babayemi Olawale. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE EXTRACTS OF Piper guineense (Schumach), and Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) AND HONEY ON SELECTED PNEUMONIC BACTERIA IN NIGERIA. Nat Sci 2024,22(4):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220424.01.

Keywords: Piper guineense, Zingiber officinale, honey, Pneumonic Bacteria, antibacterial activities

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Analysis of Ecotourism and Recreational Resources for Transboundary Regions in Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan

Shokhrukh Aliqulovich Ravshanov ¹, Dunyobek Baxtiyorovich Xursanov ²

^1. Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand. Uzbekistan.

^2. Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Samarkand. Uzbekistan.

shokhrukh.ravshanov717@gmail.com

Abstract: The mountains have a variety of tourist resources and a wide range of tourist activities. The Republic of Uzbekistan is distinguished by the attractiveness of its natural resources. Mountain-valley territories are characterized as areas with pronounced tourism potential. At the same time, the region is also attractive for foreign tourists. The formation of cross-border tourist zones in the field of tourism and recreation is a new socio-economic process associated with the beginning of the active development of international tourism in the world in the second half of the 20th century. The creation of transboundary ecotourism zones will significantly increase the level of international and national competitiveness of the ecotourism and recreational sector in the border areas of cooperation of each state.

[Ravshanov SA, Xursanov DB. Analysis of Ecotourism and Recreational Resources for Transboundary Regions in Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan. Nat Sci 2024,22(4):9-14]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220424.02.

Keywords: Ecological tourism; Recreational resource; Transboundary; Tourism potential

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Prediction of nutritional values of yellow and white corn hybrids silage from chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique

Hamed Mohamed Gaafar, RedaAbdelbaryMesbah and Esam Mohamed El-Kotamy

Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

hamedgaafar@gmail.com

Abstract: Single crossings corn hybrids SC 162 (yellow) and SC 10 (white) were cultivated at a rate of 71,400 plants per hectare using 35 kg of grains during the summer season in the north Delta, Kafr El-Sheikh Government, Egypt. The yield of the corn crop and plant parts (ears, stalks, and leaves) were estimated for each subplot and calculated per hectare. Whole corn plants were harvested after 90 days of planting at the dough stage of maturity, chopped to maximum length of 1-1.5 cm, and ensiled in plastic bags for 35 days. Representative samples of corn silage were analyzed for composition, fiber fractions, vitamins, and silage quality and used in gas and methane production to calculate gas parameters. Results revealed that almost all of the parameters analyzed remained nearly similar for yellow and white corn hybrid silage without significant differences. Whereas the contents of β-carotene and vitamin-A were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for yellow compared to white corn hybrid silage. We can predict the nutritional values of corn hybrids silage in terms of total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible crude protein (DCP), gross energy (GE) and digestible energy (DE) from chemical composition. Also, we can predict the nutritional values in terms of feed intake, dry and organic matters digestibility, short chain fatty acids and microbial production and energy content from the in vitro gas Production. So, it can be predicted the nutritional values of corn silage easily and quickly in laboratory using the methods of chemical analysis and in vitro gas production.

[Gaafa HM, Mesbah RA, El-Kotamy EM. Prediction of nutritional values of yellow and white corn hybrids silage from chemical composition and in vitro gas production technique. Nat Sci 2024,22(4):15-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220424.03.

Keywords: Corn hybrids, yield, quality, composition, nutritional values, in vitro gas production parameters

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Competitiveness and global demand determinants for Egyptian grapes

Dr. Tamer Mohamed El-Sentrecy¹, Dr. Siham Ahmed Zarif ², Dr. Mohamed Fawzy El-Dnasury³

¹ Professor of Agricultural Economic, Faculty of Agricultural, BeniSuief University, Egypt.

²Researcher, Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

³ Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economic Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.

*Corresponding Author: mdnasury@gmail.com

Abstract: The research aims to shed light on the competitive position of Egyptian grapes exports, and to help export policy makers on the possibility of increasing the amount of Egyptian grapes exports in foreign markets, through the following: measuring some economic indicators of the competitiveness of Egyptian grapes exports in the most important global markets during (2017-2021), the statistical estimation of the global demand for Egyptian grapes exports in its most important foreign markets during (2006-2021), and to identify the future of foreign trade of Egyptian grapes by predicting the amount of grapes exports until 2025. The research is based on the use of some methods of descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis in the analysis of data related to the research, specifically the following: some statistical methods, the method of percentages of averages of deviations of actual values, coefficient of geographical concentration of the quantity and value of exports, some economic indicators of the competitiveness of Egyptian exports of the crop in the most important world markets, as follows:(Revealed Comparative Advantage, Symmetric Revealed Comparative Advantage, Markets Penetration Rate, Market Share, and Relative Price),Stepwise multiple regression, in addition to Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) model. The research depends on published and unpublished secondary data derived among the agricultural statistics bulletins issued by The Economic Affairs Sector of the Ministry of Agriculture and land reclamation, (www.trademap.org), (www.Capmas.gov.eg), and (www.fao.org), in addition to the use of some researches, studies, journals, scientific books and Arabic and foreign references related to the research topic, the data has been analyzed on the computer by using SPSS _V.16& E-views₁₂ programs.

[Tamer Mohamed El-Sentrecy, Siham Ahmed Zarif, Dr. Mohamed Fawzy El-Dnasury. Competitiveness and global demand determinants for Egyptian grapes. Nat Sci 2024,22(4):30-51]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220424.04.

Keywords: Egyptian grapes, Competitiveness, Exports, Geographical concentration coefficient, Instability coefficients, Markets Penetration Rate, Market Share, Global demand function, and ARIMA model.

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Households’ Waste Management in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria- The Identified Waste Collection Services and Disposal Strategies versus Waste Collection Expenditure.

Eunice Oluwatoyin Komolafe (Ph.D.)

Department of Economics, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Ogun State, Nigeria

Corresponding Author: Eunice Oluwatoyin KOMOLAFE

E-mail: eokomolafe@mtu.edu.ng, jesusmymakeryes270@gmail.com

Summary: The study examined the methods of households’ waste disposal by individuals in Ibadan. It also established the relationship between households’ waste management expenditure and waste disposal strategies engaged by households. The study made use of descriptive survey design. Data were obtained through the use of questionnaire to interview household heads and the copies of questionnaire distributed to households were 500. Heads of households were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. The results were presented using Tables, Charts, Chi-Square test. The results showed that less than average (41%) of the households in Ibadan, Oyo State subscribed to waste collection services. The common methods of household’s waste disposal were burning (subscribers; non-subscribers- 58.7%) and the indiscriminate dumping all over the public and residential places such as in the drainage, in the bush, and the rivers which was commonly carried out among non-subscribers was 33%. Moreover, the subscribers for waste collection services paid more to ensure a sanitary environment than the non-subscribers in the city, which was expected to bring about better healthy lives for both humans and animals, thereby improving their productivity. It was therefore recommended that proper waste management practices should be improved upon and waste collection service subscription should be campaigned for among the residents by waste management stakeholders.

[Eunice Oluwatoyin Komolafe (Ph.D.). Households’ Waste Management in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria- The      Identified Waste Collection Services and Disposal Strategies versus Waste Collection Expenditure.  Nat Sci     2024,22(4):52-68]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature   05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220424.05.

Keywords: Households, waste Disposal, waste collection, strategies, Expenditure, Ibadan, MDG

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