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Hydrological Regime of Neighboring Basins of Mountain Rivers in Central Asia

Sergey Myagkov ¹ , Bekhrus Makhmudov ², Faizulla Agzamov ¹, Indira Khudoybergamova¹

¹ Department of Hydrology, Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Bodomzor-72, Tashkent, 100052, Uzbekistan

^2. Department of Climate, Uzhydromet, Osyo street-72, Tashkent, 100032, Uzbekistan

sergik1961@mail.ru, sergik1961@yahoo.com

Abstract: The basis for the flow of a mountain river is the precipitation regime in the form of snow accumulation in winter, liquid precipitation, and the temperature regime of the surface layer of the atmosphere. The object of study is the formation of river flow from two neighboring river catchments. The research method uses a graphical comparison of runoff hydrographs over a long period of hydrological observations and statistical data analysis. The construction of polynomial trends in hydrological series was carried out using sets of statistical functions and calculation methods using widely used programs. The possibility of constructing river flow trends to analyze the dynamics of the formation of water resources is considered and various time periods of flow formation in neighboring drainage basins located in the same geographical areas are determined. The results obtained show significant differences in the runoff characteristics of neighboring river basins under different input regimes of precipitation and air temperature.

[Myagkov S.V, Makhmudov B., Agzamov F., Khudoybergamova I. Hydrological Regime of Neighboring Basins of Mountain Rivers in Central Asia. Nat Sci 2024,22(1):1-8].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220124.01.

Keywords: climate change, hydrological regime, hydrological calculations, watershed, river basin, snow cover, polynomial trend, annual flow

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Auxin and Cytokine Treatment Effect in Combination with Sucrose on in vitro Potato Regeneration

Iveta  Megrelishvili,   Ekaterine Bulauri, Tamar  Chipashvili, Maia Kukhaleishvili,

Georgian Technical University, Biotechnology Center, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Corresponding author. Tel: +995 577 387222; E-mail: ivetameg@yahoo.com; iveta.megrelishvili@srca.gov.ge

Abstract

In this study we focused on in vitro potato regeneration under different hormonal (auxin/cytokine) treatment with combination of sucrose in three potato varieties, “Nevsky, Riviera, Zefira” three parameters were observed in response to treatment, number of shoots development, size of shoots, and root length.  In vitro tissue culture  propagation of three potato cultivars  (Solanum tuberosum L.)  “Nevsky”, Zefira” and “Riviera” were studied on modified   MS medium supplemented with   hormones (IBA/BAP) concentration:  MS + 30g/l sucrose (6% MS medium), 6%MS medium +1mg/l BAP + 0,05mg/l IBA and 6% MS medium +1mg/l BAP + 0,1mg/l IBA.

Morphological characterization of all three in vitro  potato cultivars on  modified MS medium was variable depending on varieties. It was revealed that high concentration of IBA  has negative effect on plants development, 6% MS medium + 1mg/l BA + 0,1mg/l IBA was not optimal neither cultivars of potato.  According to the results cultivars Zefira” and “Riviera”  had  maximum  potential for  in vitro rooting ( correspondingly: 82.97% and  100%) and  shoots (100% and 87.34%) formation  on  6% MS medium + 1mg/l BA + 0,05mg/l IBA, but “Nevsky” gave  maximum development (rooting-82% and shoot formation -87%) on 6% MS medium.

[Iveta  Megrelishvili,  Ekaterine Bulauri, Tamar  Chipashvili, Maia Kukhaleishvili.Auxin and Cytokine Treatment Effect in Combination with Sucrose on in vitro Potato Regeneration. Nat Sci 2024,22(1):9-13].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220124.02.

Key words: in vitro, de novo shoot formation, root formation, auxin, cytokine, Indole-3 butyric acid (IBA), 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), potato an solanum tuberosum L

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REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF ANIMAL DISEASES ON FOOD SECURITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH: ETHIOPIAN PERSPECTIVE

Awol Assen, Ayalew negash, Alemu Zewdu, Tsegaw Fentie

Faculity of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health science, University of Gondar, P.o.box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

awolhassen25@gmail.com,drayalewdvm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Majority of the world population are dependent directly or indirectly on livestock for their livelihood. Livestock sector plays a significant role in the economic development of many countries. Livestock contributes to the producers through food supply, family nutrition, incomes, employment, soil fertility, livelihoods, transport and sustainable agricultural production. In Ethiopia with a high livestock population, the sector has prominent support for the country’s economy. The country is not in a position to utilize the livestock resource to its potential. Prevalence of animal diseases along with other constraints is heavily affected the asset of the livestock producer and welfare of the people. Animal diseases also pose socio-economic and health problems for humans. Economic and socio-economic threats from livestock diseases are explained in terms of losses in production, productivity and profitability caused by disease agents and the cost of their treatment; disruptions to local markets, international trade and rural economies arising from disease outbreaks and the control measures aimed at containing their spread, such as culling, quarantine sand travel bans; and livelihood threats to the poor. Zoonotic diseases and food-borne illnesses are human-health threats associated with animals. Therefore to boost the economic contribution of livestock for the country and to minimize the burden of animal diseases on the economy of producers and their welfare, improved animal health and food safety systems need to be developed and strengthened through collaborative efforts of all stakeholders.

[Awol Assen, Ayalew negash, Alemu Zewdu, Tsegaw Fentie. Review on the impact of Animal Diseases on Food Security and Public Health: Ethiopian perspective. Nat Sci 2024,22(1):14-23].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220124.03.

Key words: Animal diseases, Health problem, Socio-economic problem

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PERFORMANCE AND ORGAN WEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS FED GRADED LEVELS OF MIXTURE OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM AND VERNONIAAMYGDALINA LEAF MEAL-BASED DIETS

¹Umoru, J. I. A. and ²Agbaye F. P.

¹Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos

²Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos.

Abstract: Performance and organ weight of 150 broiler chickens of Abor Acre strain were investigated in a feeding experiment in a completely randomized design that lasted for eight weeks at the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos Nigeria. The birds were randomly allotted to five dietary treatment groups, control groups (birds fed basal diet only) and 4 treatment groups (birds fed D1, D2, D3 and D4 containing 25g, 50g, 75g and 100g mixtures of Ocimum gratisamun and Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal respectively in 25kg basal diet) in a completely randomized design with three replicates per group containing 10 birds per replicate. The study showed that mixture of Ocinium gratissmum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal in equal proportion did not significantly increased daily feed consumption and improved efficiency of broiler chickens at finisher stage. However, the percentage weight of gizzard and abdominal far was significantly (p<0.05) increased while the heart and length of intestine were significantly (p<0.05) reduced.

[Umoru, J. I. A. and Agbaye F. P. PERFORMANCE AND ORGAN WEIGHT OF BROILER CHICKENS FED GRADED LEVELS OF MIXTURE OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM AND VERNONIAAMYGDALINA LEAF MEAL-BASED DIETS. Nat Sci 2024,22(1):24-28].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220124.04.

Keywords: Ocimum gratissmum, Veronia amygdalina, leaf meal, broiler chickens

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ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF TAPINANTHUS BANGWENSIS (AFRICA MISTLETOE) ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS ON SELECTED CLINICAL ISOLATES

*Awe, S¹., Adedayo, M. R²., Bamidele, D. B³

¹Department of Microbiology, Kwara State University, Malate, Ilorin Nigeria

Email:1 asflor6@gmail.com; 2majekdayo@gmail.com;3.diamondost@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Antibiotics resistance has been recognized as an emerging problem worldwide both in human and veterinary medicine. Tapinanthus bangwensis is a well-known evergreen parasitic plant and an excellent medicinal plant belonging to the family Loranthanceae used as a remedy for several human and animal ailments that include stomach ache, diarrhea, dysentery, wound, arthritis, epilepsy and cancer traditionally. This study aimed was to assess the antibacterial potential of T. bangwensis on pathogenic bacteria and also study the qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals inherent in the plant. Ethanolic extracts of T. bangwensis leaf and stem was challenged with clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion method while qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening were carried out using Gas and mass spectroscopy method. Antibacterial effect of T. bangwensis leaf and stem showed various inhibitory effect against the microbial isolates. The leaf extract exhibited a higher zones of inhibition against Escherichia coli (18.70 ± 0.6mm) at a concentration of 1000 mg/ml while a zone of inhibition of 16.30±0.6mm was observed on E. coli using stem extract. Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus had a zone of inhibition of 15.70±0.5 mm using stem extract respectively at 1000 mg/ml. The MIC was 250mg/ml for the crude extracts against the clinical isolates. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) recorded for the leaf extract was observed to be 1000mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 500mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae whereas MBC for the stem extract recorded 500mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and 1000mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The result obtained from the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, steroids, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, coumarin, terpenoids, glycoside, and alkaloid among others. Steroids and flavonoids was predominant in the leaf with the value of 309.680.94 mg/kg and 274.92 1.09 mg/kg respectively while Glycoside had the least (12.670.01 mg/kg). In the stem 109.021.89 mg/kg recorded as the highest value with the lowest of 0.220.01 mg/kg for Saponin.  These results could suggest the promising chemopreventive use of T. bangwensis and some of its active principles in the treatment of infections.

[Awe, S., Adedayo, M. R., Bamidele, D. B.ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF TAPINANTHUS BANGWENSIS (AFRICA MISTLETOE) ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS ON SELECTED CLINICAL ISOLATES. Nat Sci  2024,22(1):29-34]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220124.05.

Key words: Antibacterial, extract, inhibitory, bactericidal, Phytochemical.

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Flood Forecasting By Monitoring Rainfall Intensity And Cloud Movement (on the example of the Fergana Valley)

Makulov Jasurbek Takhirjonovich

Teacher at Namangan State University

E-mail: jmakulov@mail.ru

Abstract: In the article Areas of flooding caused by torrential rains in the republic. Rain intensity An analysis of flood targeting technologies in the regions was carried out.

[Makulov J. Flood Forecasting By Monitoring Rainfall Intensity And Cloud Movement (on the example of the Fergana Valley). Nat Sci  2024,22(1):35-39]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj220124.06.

Keywords: emergency, danger, threat, monitoring, forecasting, targeted alerts, rain intensity, information exchange

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