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Estimation of the production costs function and the optimal size of fish farms In Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

Dr. Nivine Todary Guirguis Elbebawy¹, Dr. Howida E. Hassan¹ and Dr. Hussein El Sayed Hussein Sarhan²

¹ Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

² Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 

neveen.todary@gmail.com

Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the status of fish farming production in Kafr El Sheikh over time and study input costs and determine optimum production level and farm size and compare with the current production level and production unit size, the study used secondary data analysis and adopted a field survey approach covering sixty fish farms in the four main aquaculture governorates conducted in 2020. The study revealed that the fish feed cost, hired labor and irrigation represent a large percentage of 75.4%, 10.3% and 6%. Respectively, of the total variable costs, other important variable costs such as fish seed represents 3.2%, followed by pond maintenance 3% and the incidental costs 2%, of the total variable costs, the result indicated that fish farmers do not achieve the optimal production level, which amounts to 4.445 tons/feddan/year, the study recommend that we should work to enable farmers to achieve optimal yield that achieves efficiency, through increasing average size of cultivated areas, the optimal culture area identified in current study is 1.16 feddan.

[Nivine Todary Guirguis Elbebawy, Howida E. Hassan and Hussein El Sayed Hussein Sarhan Estimation of the production costs function and the optimal size of fish farms In Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. Nat Sci 2022,20(12):1-7].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  01.doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.01.

Key words: Fish farms- per capita share of fish- of self-sufficiency- production costs function – optimal size- The economies of scale-area 

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Weather and Cotton Boll Ripening in Uzbekistan

M.B. Ruzieva ¹, O.G. Sultashova²,

^1. Researcher, Applicant of the Scientific Research Institute of Hydrometeorology Uzbekistan

^2. Associate Professor, Candidate of Geography Karakalpak State University named after Berdak,

Abstract: This article presents the results of a study of the weather and ripening of the cotton boll in Uzbekistan. Methods for predicting the yield of cotton fiber for the provinces of the Republic of Uzbekistan are reviewed. Biological and economic indicators of plants are compared. Scientific research and production experience have shown that only the maximum use of the natural and climatic conditions of the regions, during the growing season of cotton, guarantees that its agrotechnical features are taken into account to obtain stable crops with high quality.

[M.B. Ruzieva , O.G. Sultashova. Weather and Cotton Boll Ripening in Uzbekistan. Nat Sci 2022,20(12):8-12].   ISSN 1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.02.

Keywords: weather, cotton, boll, variety, cotyledons, fibers, effective temperature

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About The Effects And Solutions Of Anthropogenic Factors On Mountain And Sub-Mountain Areas Of Uzbekistan

¹Siddikov Sadriddin Shukhratjon ugli, ²Sattarov Muzaffar Eshtemirovich

¹Doctoral student of the Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Technologies,

²PhD, Associate Professor Head of the National Collection of Microorganisms for the production of the Tashkent Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums

Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Abstract: the article describes the impact of anthropogenic factors on mountain and sub-mountain areas in Uzbekistan and their consequences, human economic activities in these areas, scientific recommendations for reducing the impact of anthropogenic factors. In Uzbekistan, the anthropogenic impact on the environment is increasing due to the seasonal needs of the population living permanently in the mountain and sub-mountain regions. In the winter season, the population mainly cuts down trees to heat their homes, to meet their daily needs and to prepare fodder from unique plants to feed their livestock.

[Siddikov S.Sh. Tourist resources around the Chorvok reservoir and their impact on the environment] Nat Sci 2022,20(12):13-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.03.

Key words: Landscape, tourism, ecosystem, degradation, terraces, conical expansions, environment, public service networks.

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Analysis of existing methodological approaches in assessing the quality of the environmental condition of cities

Nilufar K. Komilova¹, Latipov Normurod Faxriddin o’g’li¹, Zaynutdinova Dilnoza Kaxramonovna², Egamqulov Husniddin Erkaboyevich³

¹National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4 University St., Olmazor district, Tashkent, 100174, Republic of Uzbekistan;

²Department of Socio-Economic Geography of Samarkand State University named after Sharof  Rashidov;

³Guliston State University, Guliston city, Uzbekistan;

latipovnormurod@gmail.com

Abstract. The quality of the environment is largely determined by its ecological status. To describe the environmental condition of the area, it is necessary to have a certain number of specific indicators. Two groups of factors can be distinguished that describe the ecological situation of an area in terms of its impact on the population. The first assesses the natural conditions of the area and determines the comfort level of the natural environment for the life of the population. The second describes the level of environmental degradation and pollution as a result of anthropogenic influence. Assessment of the comfort of natural conditions is related to the analysis of more than 30 parameters of the natural environment, more than 10 of which are related to climatic factors, and the rest describe the relief, geological structure, surface and underground water, flora and fauna, and the presence of natural conditions of diseases in the region. The level of environmental pollution can be characterized by various plan indicators. The traditional method of evaluation is the use of parameters of permissible maximum concentration of pollutants (PPMC) as benchmarks. A complete assessment of pollution in different forms can be achieved by summing up the reduced PPMC values ​​of all substances.

[Nilufar K. Komilova, Latipov Normurod Faxriddin o’g’li, Zaynutdinova Dilnoza Kaxramonovna, Egamqulov Husniddin Erkaboyevich. Analysis of existing methodological approaches in assessing the quality of the environmental condition of cities. Academ Arena 2022;14(12):18-27]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 04.doi:10.7537/marsaaj141222.04.

Keywords: urban ecology, assessment, gentralization, toxic gases, antropogenhic loads, asot dioxide, solids, green areas.

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PRECIPITATION AS FLOW-FORMATION FACTOR IN AMUDARYA

Khamzaeva Janat Temirbekovna, Sagdeev Nail Zyavdatovich, Adenbaev Bakhtiyor Embergenovich

Department of Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

E-mail: xamzayeva.j@mail.ru

Abstract: In this article, different precipitation characteristics in three basins where the formation of the Amudarya River flow takes place: namely, the    Surkhandarya River basin, basins of the Tajikistan rivers, basins of the northern part of Afghanistan are considered. Their role as flow-formation factor is investigated. Correlations between precipitation distribution over absolute elevation are derived, average precipitation totals are calculated for precipitation falling on these basins. Correlation between the Amudarya River flow in the Kerki cross-section and the average precipitation totals in the Surkhandarya River basin is derived, and it was used for calculation of the river flow in Kerki.

[Khamzaeva Janat Temirbekovna, Sagdeev Nail Zyavdatovich, Adenbaev Bakhtiyor Embergenovich. PRECIPITATION AS FLOW-FORMATION FACTOR IN AMUDARYA. Nat Sci 2022,20(12):28-43]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.05.

Key words: precipitation, intrannual precipitation distribution, correlation between precipitation distribution over absolute elevation, precipitation trends, anthropogenic impact, natural losses, evaporation, infiltration, flow coefficient.

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CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERISATION OF IMPORTANT DRUGS (UNANI HERBAL) FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION

Bharat Pandey*¹, Kamal K Pande², Prem Prakash Tripathi ³

¹Department of Chemistry, SBS Govt. P. G. College Rudrapur (Udham Singh Nagar), India

drbharatpandey@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0280-3064

²Principal S.B.S. Govt.P.G.College,Rudrapur, (Udham Singh Nagar), India

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1239-7645

³ Department of Chemistry, SBS Govt. P. G. College Rudrapur (Udham Singh Nagar), India

ABSTRACT: Standardization and quality control are the key factors in regulating the theraputic efficacy of herbal drugs. There are various standard pharmacognostic and chemical methods for checking an identity and the quality of single herbal drugs. Present communication highlights macro and micro-morphological characteristics, powder studies, histochemical tests, micro-chemical tests, physico- chemical constants, chromatographic profile and therapeutic uses; which can be useful for checking genuiness of herbal drugs.

[Bharat Pandey,Kamal K Pande, Prem Prakash Tripathi .CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERISATION OF IMPORTANT DRUGS (UNANI HERBAL) FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION. Nat Sci 2022,20(12):44-48].ISSN1545-0740(print);ISSN2375-7167(online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 

06.doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.06.

KEYWORDS: Herbal drug, Chromatographic profile, Pharmacognostic, Chemical methods.

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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil from Nigerian Artemisia annua L. at different growth stages

Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale^1*, Henry Omoregie Egharevba¹, Chinyere Imoisi², Jemilat Aliyu Ibrahim¹, Ibikunle Adeola Jegede¹

¹Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P.M.B. 21, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

Abstract: Artemisia annua is a reputable medicinal plant with long history of use as antimalarial and has characteristic pleasant aroma. The aim of this study is to investigate the volatile oils from the aerial part of Artemisia annua from pre-flowering stage through to post-flowering growth stage using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The colorless essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation with yield ranging from 0.2% to 0.4% w/w. The major bioactive chemical compounds identified in the volatile oils at the various developmental stages were camphor (5.67-16.84%), artemisia ketone (1.62-7.67%), eucalyptol (3.25-6.48%), arteannuic acid (1.36-4.27%), α-pinene (0.59-3.62%), myrtenol (1.11-2.98%), caryophyllene (1.56-3.89%), copaene (0.68-1.72%), and deoxyartemisinin (0.19-0.64%). The volatile constituents of Artemisia annua were more at the post-flowering stage, the essential oil content increased with delay in harvest. From the results, the chemical composition of Artemisia annua volatile constituents varied depending on the developmental stage.

[Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, Henry Omoregie Egharevba, Chinyere Imoisi, Jemilat Aliyu Ibrahim, Ibikunle Adeola Jegede. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil from Nigerian Artemisia annua L. at different growth stages. Nat Sci 2022,20(12):49-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167(online).  http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  07.doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.07.

Keywords: Artemisia annua, volatile oils, camphor, artemisia ketone, arteannuic acid, deoxyartemisinin.

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Different Mutations in the NADPH Oxidase Enzyme lead to Different Macrophage Responses

By: Suhailah Khalil Abdulhalim^*

MSc, Genetics of Human Disease, Ministry of Health, 23824 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

*Correspondence: suhailahak@hotmail.com

Abstract: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetic disease characterised by a dysfunctional NADPH oxidase with a reduced capacity to produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) needed to defend against pathogens. Mutations in the various subunits of the NADPH enzyme may lead to the manifestation of CGD. In this study, we theorise that different mutations in the subunits of NADPH oxidase result in an altered macrophage response to infection. LPS was found to decrease macrophage viability but also cause increased production of TNFa and IL-1b. The build up of dead macrophages may also contribute to the inflammatory response, characterised by TNFα and IL-1β release from the remaining active cells. PMA; used to differentiate U937 cells into macrophages, becomes cytotoxic to macrophages in a time and dose-dependent fashion. Our hypothesis that mutations in the subunits of NADPH oxidase affect the macrophage response to TLR and inflammasome response was confirmed. However, repeat experimentation and further investigations are necessary to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CGD.

[By: Suhailah Khalil Abdulhalim. Different Mutations in the NADPH Oxidase Enzyme lead to Different Macrophage Responses. Nat Sci 2022,20(12):55-88]. ISSN 1545-0740(print); ISSN 2375-7167(online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  08.doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.08.

Keywords: CGD, X-linked disorders, NADPH oxidase enzyme, RNA Interference and Mutations in genes

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From Design to Appreciation and Value: An Exploration of Cultural Connotation Based on Art Education (Part 1)

Xiao Chen

Guangzhou University, Guangdong, China

Abstract: The so-called research mainly includes the research of strategic issues and tactical issues at two levels: the former is what to study and where to study, the latter is how to study. In reality, people focus more on studying tactical problems than they do on solving immediate problems that are far more important. This paper attempts to provide necessary historical reference and realistic academic support for Chinese fine arts education by exploring the connotation and extension of fine arts. Moreover, it advocates the urgency and feasibility of constructing and implementing fine arts education, urges people to firmly establish the concept of sustainable development of fine arts education, and comprehensively understand the necessity of fine arts education from the academic level. Under the condition of the common recognition of Chinese people, this great strategic measure can be smoothly implemented and fruitful. In real sense to realize the sustainable development of quality education has important strategic significance.

[Xiao Chen. From Design to Appreciation and Value: An Exploration of Cultural Connotation Based on Art Education (Part 1). Nat Sci 2022,20(12):89-92]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 09. doi:10.7537/marsnsj201222.09.

Keywords: Art education; Art Walk; Value orientation; Cultural connotation

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