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STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF THE FLOW VARIABILITY OF SMALL RIVERS IN THE MIDDLE ZERAVSHAN BASIN

Shahob Ganiev¹, Dilmukhammad Shirinboev²

¹ Department of “Hydrometeorology”, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

²Department of “Hydrometeorology”, Samarkand State University. Samarkand, Uzbekistan

shaxobganiyev88@gmail.com

Annotation. This article addresses the issues related to statistical assessments of the variability in the runoff of small rivers in the Middle Zeravshan basin. For this purpose, the average monthly and annual water discharges were used, based on information from 11 hydrological stations located on small rivers and water resources in the Middle Zeravshan basin. Calculations to estimate the coefficient of variation for river runoff were carried out in two periods: the first calculation period included the base climate period (1961–1990), and the second calculation period included 1991–2018. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, an increase in the value of the coefficient of variation (C_v) in the second calculation period relative to that in the first calculation period was revealed.

[Shahob G., Dilmukhammad Sh. STATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF THE FLOW VARIABILITY OFSMALL IVERS IN THE MIDDLE ZERAVSHAN BASIN Nat Sci 2022;20(8):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.016.

Key words: river basin, river, flow rate, series of random variables, flow variability, coefficient of variation, statistical assessment.

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THE EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL    PROPERTIES OF SOIL

FALANA, Y.O.¹, IJAH, U.J.J. (Ph.D)², AJENIFUJAH - SOLEBO, S.O. (Ph.D)¹, ESIOBU, N. (Ph.D)³ and ADEBOYE, S.E.¹

¹Plant Improvement Unit, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

³Microbial Biotech. Lab., Biological Sciences Department, Florida Atlanta University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton FI 33431, Florida, USA.

Corresponding Author: olaitanfalana81@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Genetically modified crops are already phenomenally successful and are grown worldwide in more than 18 countries on more than 67 million hectares which increases by more than 10% annually. Nigeria, in October 2018 joined the many other countries by approving Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and maize, therefore, there was the need to carryout environmental risk assessment studies. A total of fifteen (15) four litter (4L) octagonal ceramic pots were filled with four kilograms (4Kg) of soil and placed on bench in two rows of ten pots each and a third row of five pots. First row pots were used to plant GM cotton seeds, while the second row pots were used for non GM cotton seeds and a third row of five pots served as control, all in the screen house. The GM cotton seeds were collected from National Biosafety Management Agency, Abuja while the non GM cotton seeds were collected from seed bank of Tissue Culture Unit of NABDA. The pH for initial, GM cotton, non GM cotton and control soil were 6.28, 6.26, 7.25, 8.26 and the percentage moisture was 0.63, 0.78, 0.89 and 0.82 respectively while the percentage Nitrogen was observed to be 17.79, 1.14, 1.10 and 0.56 respectively. Other parameters include, varying concentrations of Potassium (0.46, 1,284.47, 1,785.48, 1,252.83 mg/kg) and Phosphorus (18.76, 17.76, 16.87, 15.23 mg/kg) were recorded for the four treatments respectively. The soil consisted mainly of silt (32.09 to 34.66%) and clay (58.89 to 60.23%) while the sand content ranged from 6.11% to 7.68% reflecting the soil texture as silty – clay. The results were then tested with ANOVA at less than 0.05 P-value and no pair was found to be significant as well. The results suggest that, the GM crops have no significant effect on bacterial ecology of the soil and in turn no direct or indirect effects on human health.

[FALANA, Y.O., IJAH, U.J.J., AJENIFUJAH - SOLEBO, S.O., ESIOBU, N. and ADEBOYE, S.E. THE EFFECTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL    PROPERTIES OF SOIL. Nat Sci 2022;20(8):7-15]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.02.

KEY WORDS: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Transgenic crop, Physiochemical parameters, Cotton plant

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An economic study of the most important Egyptian agricultural exports to the Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Dr. Mahmoud Ezzat Abd El-Latif and Dr. Doaa Samir Mohamed Morsy

Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural, Research Center, Egypt

Email:Mahmoudezzat16@yahoo.com - Email: d.doaasamir@yahoo.com

Abstract: Egypt is a promising market for the Gulf Council countries in exporting fresh fruits and vegetables. Hence, Role the countries come to encourage and provide support for agricultural investment in the new lands for the possibility of expanding exports to the Gulf countries. and the estimates of the price elasticity of the models under study show that Egyptian oranges, grapes, and potatoes are elastic commodities, and this means that there are alternatives to these commodities for the Gulf Council countries, whereby increasing the Egyptian export price for them, the Gulf countries have opportunities to import from countries competing with Egypt in Exporting those aforementioned crops, but the price elasticity of onions is inelastic, which means that Egyptian onions are a necessary commodity for the countries of the Gulf Council. It is estimated that the increase in the export price of the GCC countries by 1% leads to an increase in Egyptian exports by about 1.27% of oranges and about 2.06% of grapes, 0.94% of onions, 1.202% of potatoes .which necessitates a search for developing appropriate export policies that would increase the rates of export from them to those countries, especially concerning export problems in terms of quality. The estimation of the gravity model showed that the distance has a clear impact on Egypt's exports to the Gulf Council countries, especially in the potato crops, followed by the grapes. Those who are sensitive to damage as well.

[Mahmoud Ezzat Abd El-Latif and Doaa Samir Mohamed Morsy. An economic study of the most important Egyptian agricultural exports to the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Nat Sci 2022;20(8):16-37]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.03.

Key Words: investment support -  the Gulf Council countries - gravity model  export policies.

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Economic Study of Marine Fish Farming in Alexandria Governorate

(Case Study of the Kilo 21 Hatchery (

Dr. Doaa Ibrahim Abdel Hamid Hashem, Dr. Engy Ahmed Teimaa and Dr. Elham Shaaban  Abd Elsalam Pargal

Researcher at Agricultural Economic Research Institute, ARC, Egypt

Email: drdoaah82@gmail.com

Abstract: Due to the scarcity of fresh water needed to be used in many fields, including fish farming, the prevailing trend is marine culture to develop fish wealth, as the expansion of marine fish farming contributes to increasing local production of fish and reduces the size of the gap between production and consumption. In light of the small number of hatcheries that produce marine fish larvae; which requires studying the basic requirements and the financial feasibility for establishing such hatcheries. The research aimed to study the current situation of the most important types of fish from marine aquaculture in Alexandria Governorate, to prepare the basic steps necessary to conduct a technical and economic feasibility study for the kilo 21 hatchery to guide investment in this field. The most important research results were the following: (1) The main types of fish farms in Alexandria governorate are government farms and private rented farms, while possession private farms and intensive farming do not represent a great importance in fish production from existing farms in the governorate. (2) The variety of fish cultured in Alexandria governorate varies according to the type of water used in culture. It was found that the fish that are farmed in fresh water are represented by tilapia, catfish and carp contribute about 0.32%, while those cultured in mixed water are represented by the mullet family. It contributes about 38.70%. As for the fish that are farmed in sea water (marine fish), represented by bream and seabass, they contribute an estimated 37.81% of the average fish production from fish farming. (3) It was found that the production of larve and fingerlings of bream and seabass for the 21 kilo hatchery was about 4.28 million units during the average period (2015-2020). (4) It was found that the kilo 21 hatchery is characterized by its ability to overcome the problems of climatic changes on the larvae by using the simulation method and controlling the temperatures throughout the year. (5) The tendency of breeders to buy fingerlings for larvae in order to avoid waste and cost. (6) From the financial feasibility study of the project to establish a fish hatchery, it was found that the net present value of the project amounted to about 450.8 million pounds, the internal rate of return was about 54.3%, which is higher than the interest rate on loans and deposits, which is estimated at about 12%. This means that the project is financially and economically viable. (7) The analysis of the sensitivity of the project's internal rate of return to changes in revenues and costs showed that the internal rate of return is more sensitive to a decrease in revenues than an increase in costs in the same proportion, and it was also found that the project remains economically rewarding even in the case of delaying the start of the farm operation for a period of up to 3 years.

[Doaa Ibrahim Abdel Hamid Hashem, Engy Ahmed Teimaa and Elham Shaaban  Abd Elsalam Pargal Economic Study of Marine Fish Farming in Alexandria Governorate (Case Study of the Kilo 21 Hatchery (Nat Sci 2022;20(8):38-50]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature.

04. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.04.

Key Words: Marine fish farming - Kilo 21 hatchery - Sea bream and seabass - Financial feasibility - Cost Ben

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Human Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Antibodies Among Females of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

*Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Chinda Rosemary Ibuuchi, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey and Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma

Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, 500102 Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: Tel. +2348035380891, E-mail address: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract:  The study aimed to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among females of reproductive age in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Five millilitres of whole blood were collected from 100 participants. The serum anti-CMV IgG antibodies were assessed using a long incubation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Of the 100 females of reproductive age recruited in this study, 91.0% were seropositive IgG antibodies. Age-specific CMV IgG seropositivity rate was highest (41.0%) among females aged 26-31 and least (4.0%) among those aged 38-42. The highest prevalence (97.0%) was observed in married women than in singles (3.0%). The prevalence of CMV IgG antibodies with occupation was highest (97.4%) among homemakers and least (66.7%) among professionals. The prevalence of CMV IgG antibody based on education was 55.0% for females with tertiary education and 36.0% for those with secondary education. The seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies in this study is high, underscoring the importance of continually adopting strategies to eliminate possible transmission of CMV through blood transfusion.

[Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Chinda Rosemary Ibuuchi, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey and Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma. Human Cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Antibodies Among Females of Reproductive Age in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2022;20(8):51-56]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature.  05. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.05.

Keywords: Cytomegalovirus, prevalence, female, blood donors, Port Harcourt

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Rubella Virus IgG antibodies among patients attending a Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

*Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Ndua Leelee Sorbari, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey and Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma

Virus Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, 500102 Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: Tel. +2348035380891, E-mail address: iheanyi.okonko@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract： Rubella is a disease with a significant human public health problem in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the Rubella Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody prevalence among patients attending a teaching hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Serum samples from 80 patients were analyzed using ELISA Kit containing IgG for Rubella Virus detection. The overall prevalence of Rubella Virus IgG antibody was 72(90.0%). The gender-specific prevalence was (89.7%) for males and 46 (90.2%) for females. The seroprevalence of IgG was highest (90.9%) in the age group 2-25 years and least (88.2%) in the age group 41-70. The seroprevalence of Rubella virus IgG antibodies among patients in Port Harcourt is high. This high prevalence suggests that a sustained viral circulation exists in children and infection occurs early in infancy, underscoring the importance of continual vaccination to eliminate possible transmission of Rubella to the general populace.

[Okonko Iheanyi Omezuruike, Ndua Leelee Sorbari, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey and Innocent-Adiele Hope Chioma. Rubella Virus IgG antibodies among patients attending a Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2022;20(8):57-63]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 06. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.06.

Keywords: Rubella, immunoglobulin G antibody, prevalence, Port Harcourt

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An analytical Study of Non-traditional Egyptian Agricultural Exports

Alaa Aly Abd Esalam Neama¹, Tahany Saleh Mohamed Bayoumi¹, Eman Ragab Hassan Soliman¹, Ahmed Ahmed Towfeek Mohamed²

¹ Agricultural Economics Research Institute - Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

² Central Fisheries Research Laboratory - Agricultural Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Email: dr_tahany_saleh@yahoo.com

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the production and export situation of some non-traditional Egyptian exports during the period (2000-2020). These items were (fish, honey bees, frozen vegetables, beet bagasse and dried onions). studying the impact of change exchange rate on the quantity and value of exports of each commodity individually, and identify the most important countries that import these goods, and the most important factors affecting the value of exports of each commodity during the study period.  The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the rise in the exchange rate in recent years led to a rise in the value of exports of all studied goods, the most important countries that import Egyptian fish were (United Arab Emirates, Italy, Kuwait) and the percentage of exports to it was about 50.7%, the most important importing countries of honey bees were (Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Indonesia) and the percentage of exports to it was about 70.2%, the most important importing countries for frozen vegetables were (Saudi Arabia, USA, United Arab Emirates), the percentage of exports to them was about 35%, the most important importing countries to beet bagasse were (Morocco, Korea, Spain), the percentage of exports to them was about 60.8%, finally the most important importing countries of dried onions were (Netherlands, Germany, Japan) and exports to them was about 61.9%. Examining the factors affecting the value of Egyptian exports of studied goods during the study period showed that with respect to fish, they were the export price, the amount of production and the average export prices of fish to the competing markets. As for honey, the exchange rate, the amount of production, and the average export prices of honey for competing markets. For frozen vegetables and beet bagasse and dried onions, the most important factors affecting the value of exports from each of them are the amount of production, and the average export prices to the competing markets.

[Alaa Aly Abd Esalam Neama, Tahany Saleh Mohamed Bayoumi, Eman Ragab Hassan Soliman, Ahmed Ahmed Towfeek Mohamed. An analytical Study of Non-traditional Egyptian Agricultural Exports. Nat Sci 2022, 20(8):64-77]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  07.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.07.

Keywords: agricultural exports, exchange rate, quantity of production, export price

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DESIGNING A METHODOLOGICAL SYSTEM IN PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH

Abdurakhmonov Botirjon Mirzamahmudovich

Department of Geography, Namangan State University, 160119, Uzbekistan

Botu76@mail.ru

Abstract: Thanks to the socio-economic policy carried out by the President and the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, huge changes and incomparable updates are taking place in all aspects of the life of our republic, which creates a feeling of pride in the hearts of every citizen. It is known that several general concepts reflecting the essence of geography education methodology belong to certain categories. They act as leaders, forming a whole system of scientific geographical knowledge. For this reason, it is appropriate to carry out the content and essence of geography education, the processes of geographical knowledge in students and the specific features of the formation of geographical culture based on the main categories of geography education methodology.

[Abdurakhmonov B. M. Designing a methodological system in pedagogical research. Nat Sci 2022, 20(8):78-84]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 08.  doi:10.7537/marsnsj200822.08.

Keywords: formation of geographical culture of mankind, scientific metodic model, geographical education, way of harmonization of interaction, methodical system model, didactic principles.

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