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Dietary lead metal: content and body toxicity

Dr. Najwa Abdullah

Research Scholar, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Jordan Amman, Jordan, najwazitawi@gmail.com

Abstract: Lead exposure is achieved through various environmental issues including diet and marine food intake. It exist in several forms that varies in their toxicity degrees and rate of absorption. Lead change the body homeostasis by several oxidative stress mechanisms that affect the whole body, mainly the mitochondria and red blood cells, resulting with anemia and several degrees of toxicity. This review search the available literature, to shed the light on lead contamination sources, Pb chemical forms, absorption routs, and attempts to elucidate the mechanism of action of lead and consequent haematological manifestations of lead toxicity and the factors that affect it, mainly the dietary factors that may be a source of contamination or an approach for treatments. In conclusion the chronic exposure to lead can result in a severe alterations that may be reduced by consuming healthy diets, rich in fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, sufficient calcium and iron which can decrease lead absorption or manage the cell injury result from its toxicity. 

[Najwa Abdullah. Dietary lead metal: content and body toxicity. Nat Sci 2022; 20(01);1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.01.

Key words: lead, toxicity, bioaccessability.

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An Economic Study for the Production and Marketing of Sour Lime in Sharkia Governorate

Dr. Kamel Salah El-Din; Dr. Yomna Shehata Mostafa, and Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Raafat

Senior Researcher, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Email: selimyomna@yahoo.com, kamel.salah@yahoo.com 

Abstract: Sour Lime are considered one of the most important citrus crops due to their economic importance, as the value of lemon production amounted to about 1461 million pounds, representing about 18.3%, 5.21% of the value of production of both citrus and fruits during the period (2014-2019). The research showed a decrease in the fruitful area of the lemon crop in the Sharkia Governorate from 11.5 thousand feddans during the period (2006-2011), to 4.5 thousand feddans in period (2014- 2019). The results of the productivity function at the sample level indicate that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between production and each of the crop collection man/day, number of trees, amount of organic fertilizer/m3, and its productivity elasticity coefficient reached 0.506, 0.505, 0.309, meaning that an increase of 10% from These variables increase the quantity of lemon crop production by about 5.06%, 5.05%, 3.9%, respectively, per feddan. The total elasticity of these variables is 1.3. It was also found that the optimum volume of production and the lowest costs in the first and second categories and the total sample was achieved by 8, 5, 8 of the total lemon farmers in the research sample, and this represents about 27%, 17%, 12% of the number of lemon farmers in the sample, which reflects the economic inefficiency for the use of production factors, the first and second categories, and the total sample, did not achieve the maximum volume of production for profit. Regarding the marketing paths of the crop in the research sample, the quantity of lemon crop sorting amounted to 59.7 tons, representing 5%, while the surplus directed to the market amounted to about 1134.2 tons, representing 95%, and the quantity of lemons sold to the agency dealer in the Abu Kabir market area was about 907.4 tons, representing 76%, and from them to The wholesaler market and the rest 226.8 tons were sold to lemon exporters in the region, representing 19%, while the quantity of the lemon crop sold to the retailer was about 998 tons, representing 83.6% of the total quantity produced from the lemon crop, which amounted to 1193.9 tons per sample. The most important problems in the production and marketing of the lemon crop were represented in the low selling prices, representing 17.7%, the spread of viral diseases and flower worm (hamra) representing 16.1%, the cheating of pesticides and the lack of a safe source for purchase representing 14.5%, the high prices of production requirements representing 12.9%, followed by the rest of the problems, The research recommends the following: 1-Providing seedlings with good origins that are resistant to diseases,2-The work of an association for lemon producers in the region concerned with the production and marketing of the crop, 3- Supporting production requirements for farmers.

[Kamel Salah El-Din; Yomna Shehata Mostafa, and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Raafat An Economic Study for the Production and Marketing of Sour Lime in Sharkia Governorate Nat Sci 2022,20(01):9-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.02.

Keywords: Crop area, Production and costs function, Marketing channels, Problems of crop production and marketing

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Insect resistance management through Genome Editing and Gene Stacking method

Nadia Iqbal¹, Mariam Tallat², Mahwish Mustafa¹, Shahzaib Hassan¹, Ahmad Yaseen¹

¹Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Correspondence email: nadiaiqbal.edu@gmail.com; mahwishmustfa@gmail.com

Abstract: Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors, such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. As with other biotic stress factors, insect pests have also posed serious concerns related to yield losses due to which agricultural productivity is at stake. Several gene editing strategies are being executed with continuous emergence of variants. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology has shown great promise for quickly addressing emerging challenges in agriculture. It can be used to precisely modify genome sequence of any organism including plants to achieve the desired trait. Compared to other genome editing tools such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas9 is faster, cheaper, precise and highly efficient in editing genomes even at the multiplex level. Gene suppression via RNA interference (RNAi) provides an alternative strategy for insect pest management. The ingestion by insects of double-stranded RNAs targeting essential insect genes can trigger RNAi and lead to growth inhibition, developmental aberrations, reduced fecundity, and mortality. The insects are remarkably adaptable and can develop resistance to any control tactics, including transgenic plants containing multiple Bt toxins and RNAi. The innovations like genetically modified Bt toxins and discovery of insecticidal proteins from bacteria other than Bt will continue to provide new tools for pest control. The MGPS-based crops will be more durable with compliance of high refuges and other control tactics.

[Nadia Iqbal, Mariam Tallat, Mahwish Mustafa, Shahzaib Hassan, Ahmad Yaseen. Insect resistance management through Genome Editing and Gene Stacking method. Nat Sci 2022;20(1):30-34]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122..03.

Key words: CRISPR/Cas9, RNA interference (RNAi), Multiple Gene Pyramiding and Silencing (MGPS)

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Assessment the Effect of Irrigation and Plant Cover Pattern on Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing

Mahmoud, A. K. ¹, A. M. El-Gindy² and T. M. H. Yossif ³

¹Soil Physics and Chemistry Dept., Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

²Agricultural Engineering Dept. Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University.

³Pedology Dept., Desert Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Amr_73@yahoo.com

Abstract: Winter wheat is a vital crop in Egypt. Moreover water status is an essential for irrigation planning especially at different plant cover pattern which affected by different parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) and plant height. Further; A few crop water indicators, such as leaf equivalent water thickness (EWT) and canopy water content (CWC) plus Land surface temperature (LST) have been estimated using remote sensing techniques for different stage of winter wheat growth. This study focus on relation between the (LST) and previous parameters particularly with total water applied (TWA), (CWC), (LAI) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at Ismailia governorate for wheat crop. Thus; study used Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Band 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 with 30m spatial resolution covering the study area and taken on different dates 10/11/2020, 26/11/2020, 28/12/2020 and 29/01/2021, were obtained from the USGS (2020 and 2021).The result revealed that there are a positive reaction and relation between both (CWC – EWT) and (TWA)  where by increasing water applied the (CWC) and the (EWT) increased. For instance; (CWC) and (EWT) obtained a highest value (459.4 g.m^-2 and 0.43 g.cm^-2) respectively after irrigated by a high amount of water (12.25 m³.day^-1.fed^-1). Data represented that land surface temperature (LST) changed during measuring date from highest value (27.9C°) to lowest value (17.3C°) which effected by wheat stage and increasing on plant height. Further; the highest values for (LAI) has recorded (1.07m².m^-2) with plant height (63cm) comparing with (43cm) which obtained (0.8 m².m^-2) for (LAI).Notably; when plant height increased from (20cm to 43 cm) the value of deferent between air temperature (T_air) and (LST) was recorded (3.4 C and 3.9 C°) respectively. Moreover; there is a significant linear relation between (LST) and (VPD); where by increasing (LST) the (VPD) increase which reflect that plant suffering and has a water stress. Thus; (VPD) can estimated by knowing (LST) value by using this model  with R²= 0.9203. Finally; the flowing regression model was developed by utilized some parameters (CWC), (VPD) and (LST) to determine amount of water for different wheat stages in the Ismailia governorate in sandy soil with R²= 0.831. .

[Mahmoud, A. K., A. M. El-Gindy and T. M. H. Yossif. Assessment the Effect of Irrigation and Plant Cover Pattern on Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing Nat Sci 2022; 20(1):35-46].ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4.doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.04.

Key words: Crop water content, Land surface temperature, Leaf area index, Leaf equivalent water thickness, Remote sensing, Total water applied and Vapour pressure deficit

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Functional-Dynamic Landscaping Complexes Of River Basins Of Southern Uzbekistan And Their Cartography

Quvondiq Yarashev *, Elmurod Ulugmurodov **

* Head of the Department of Geography and Natural Resources, Samarkand State University, Associate Professor, PhD. E-mail: quvondiqyarashev2019@gmail.com

** Doctoral student of Samarkand State University. Email: uelmurod89@gmail.com

Abstract: Special attention is paid to the study of acceleration of negative natural geographical processes such as the use of land on our planet for various economic purposes, research of areas for different economic purposes, using horizontal and vertical stratification of landscapes and their structure as a functional-dynamic whole, optimization of geoecological situation on the basis of paragenetic and paradynamic principles of landscapes,  micro-zoning of spreading landscapes, deterioration of soil and arable land reclamation, intensification of erosion processes, soil and plant degradation, deflation.

[Quvondiq Yarashev, Elmurod Ulugmurodov. Functional-Dynamic Landscaping Complexes Of River Basins Of Southern Uzbekistan And Their Cartography. Nat Sci 2022; 20(1):47-51]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.05.

Keywords: Functional-Dynamic Landscaping Complexes; River; Basin; Uzbekistan; Cartography

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Volume Equations for Sustainable Forest Management of Ngel-Nyaki Forest Area in Taraba State, Nigeria

*Japheth, H.D¹,Meer, B.B² and Ubaekwe, R.E¹

1. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria.

2. Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria.

*Correspondent author: daujaph@gmail.com, +2348068347777

ABSTRACT: Tree volume measurements are used for different purposes, such as commercial, scientific, and policies-making. The species generic volume model aimed at estimating tree volumes for sustainable management of the area; which is lacking for Ngel-Nyaki Forest Reserve in Taraba State, Nigeria. The reserve is a protected area with high rate of exploitation and fire outbreak, losing its original landmass. Data were collected using systematic sampling design; one thousand four hundred and forty nine (1,449) lives trees with the diameter at breast height (Dbh) ≥ 10 cm were measured for Dbh (1.3 m) and total tree height. A tree mean diameter of 1.53 m, mean total height of 49.69, mean BA of 1.08 m² and mean volume of 34.96 m³ were recorded in the area. Most of the individual trees (n=1,227) were in the lower diameter distribution and lower height distribution (n=1,022). The forest structure is an inverse J-shape; hence, an inverse ‘J-shape’ diameter distribution indicated healthy regeneration potentials. When natural regeneration occurs in an uneven forest over a long period of time, the number of trees decreases from small to high diameters. The parameters estimated indicate that the intercepts of the equations for all the models (except 3 and 5) were negative. The combined variable model of Spur which has diameter square (D²) and total tree height (THt) as independent variables was adjudged as the most plausible and fitted model for the area. The residual scattered plot indicates good fits and confirmed the effectiveness of weighted least squares in normalizing variance.

[Japheth, H.D, Meer, B.B and Ubaekwe, R.E. Volume Equations for Sustainable Forest Management of Ngel-Nyaki Forest Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2022; 20(1);52-60]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.06.

Keywords: Diameter at breast height, Management, Model, Total-height, Uneven-forest, Volume.

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Stylistics and Conceptual Transformations Analysis in Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi’s Words

Mohammad Sargolzaei

PhD student in Linguistics, Department of Foreign Languages, Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan

Abstract: Language has had special conceptual and structural aspects in different countries during human’s culture and knowledge history; some old words were replaced by new words in each era. Studying old texts show gradual death of old words; therefore, their verbal closeness is not comparable with its next era. Few old words are found in current texts with the same meaning. The author is aimed at analyzing conceptual transformations in Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi, one of Persian archaic texts, in comparison with the contemporary Persian language and examining Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi’s words with those of new Persian language, conceptually.

[Japheth, H.D, Meer, B.B and Ubaekwe, R.E. Volume Equations for Sustainable Forest Management of Ngel-Nyaki Forest Area in Taraba State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2022; 20(1);61-65]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.07.

Keywords: Transformation, concept, term, Tarikh-e-Beyhaqi-language

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An Investigation Of the Relationship Between E-Bern king Services and Increased Customer Satisfaction (Case Study: Tejarat   Bank Branches in Ahvaz Metropolis)

A Shared Work

1_ NAZANIN HOSSEINI, Department of Accounting, Islamic Azad University, IZEH Branch, Khuzestan, Iran.

2_ DR. MOHAMMAD KHODAMORADI  P.H.D, A Faculty Member in Department of Statistics, Islamic Azad University, IZEH Branch, Khuzestan, Iran.

ABSTRACT: Given That Banks As Economic Institutes Always Seek to Fulfill The Expectations and Needs Of Their Customers, Information Technology (IT) Provides For The Improvement Of  Performance And Innovation in Offering Services By Facilitating Communication With Customers And  Increasing its Speed And Effectiveness. in The Present Study, First We Reviewed The Concepts Associated With Customer Satisfaction And E- Banking. Then, By Conducting a Field Research And With The Help Of Its Results, We Investigated The Association Between Providing Banking Services in New Methods And Tejarat  bank Customer Satisfaction By Using a Researcher _ Made Questionnaire. data Analysis Was Performed With Help Of SPSS Software. Results Show that There Is a Direct linear Relationship in Tejarat Bank E_ Services Which Are provided Through Different Channels Including ATMS ( Automated Teller Machines), Phone Bank, Mobile Bank, Internet Banking, Web Kiosk, And Points of Sale (POS). Therefore,  an Increase in Volume And Quality Of Services Will Directly Increase Bank  Customer Satisfaction.

[A Shared Work By. An Investigation Of the Relationship Between E-Bern king Services and Increased Customer Satisfaction (Case Study: Tejarat   Bank Branches in Ahvaz Metropolis). Nat Sci 2022; 20(1); 66-71]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj200122.08.

KEYWORDS: E_ Banking Services, Customer Satisfaction, Tejarat Bank Branches.

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