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Evaluation of Vaginal Fluid Urea, Creatinine, Prolactin and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin for Diagnosis of Premature Rupture of Membranes

Yousry O.S. El Maraghy; Ahmed A.A. Saleh and Asmaa A.R. Mohammed

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Assiut), Egypt

Abstract: Background: Pre-term pre-mature ruptures of membranes (PPROM) complicate (2-20) % of all births. The non attendance of a non invasive golde standard technique for the diagnosing PROM has result in looking for the substitute bio-chemical biomarkers which existing with high concentration sin amniotic fluids. Objectives: Evaluation of the consistency of vaginal fluids human chorionic gonadotropin, urea, creatinine and prolactin for PROM-diagnosis. Patients and methods: At Azhar University Hospitals of Assuit branch, a prospective case-control study was conducted. We involved 150-pregnant cases ranging from 20 to 40-wks of pregnancy separated into 3 groups: Group-I consisting of 50-cases with affirmative vaginal leaking history and positive fluids leaking detected by sterile Cusco speculum. Group II consisted of 50 pregnant women with suspected PROM. Group III consisted of 50 were attended to outpatient clinic for antenatal care without any complications. All cases experienced complete history taking, general examinations, abdomen examinations and sterile Cusco speculum examinations. Results: The best cutoff value was a vaginal β-hCG level of >25.44 mIU/ml which had a sensitivity of 92% with specificity 90%, accuracy 91%. Vaginal prolactin had cut-off value of >14.98 μIU/ml, with sensitivity 86% and specificity 82%, accuracy 84%. Vaginal urea had cutoff value of >3.7mg/dl, with sensitivity 94% and specificity 70%, accuracy 82%. Vaginal creatinine had cutoff value of 0.265mg/dl, with sensitivity96% and specificity 74%, accuracy85%. Conclusion: Although urea and creatinine are highest sensitivity but B-hcg is the most diagnostic and specific then prolactin for PROM-diagnosing, and may be utilized in suspected  patients.

[Yousry O.S. El Maraghy; Ahmed A.A. Saleh and Asmaa A.R. Mohammed Evaluation of Vaginal Fluid Urea, Creatinine, Prolactin and Beta HCG for Diagnosis of PROM Nat Sci 2021;19(8):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.01.

Key Words: Fetal membranes, amniotic fluid, premature rupture of membranes, urea, creatinine, prolactin

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Molecular characterization of some virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different sources and human.

Al-Abbou, M.A¹. Ashraf, A. Abd El-Tawab¹, Fatma, I. El Hofy¹, Hend K. Sorour², Hamouda, R.H. ³ and Marwah H. Abd Ali¹.

¹Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt

² Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Institute, Dokki, Giza.

³ Head Researcher, Animal Reproduction Reach Institute, Haram Giza, Egypt

Abstract: This study aims to provide information about the genetic structure of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from (40) samples from humans (mouth, pharynx and hand), (70) samples from poultry and poultry byproducts, (70) samples of milk and milk byproducts. (20) samples of human food. From the collected 200 samples 23 S. aureus isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. Additionally, the strains were screened for virulent genes as (nuc, spa, coa, icaA, Sea, Seb, Sec) enterotoxin production. When testing PCR for these group of genes that were identified and searched in 11 isolates showed a positive result for the genes (nuc, spa, coa) in a rate of 100%, except the gene (Sea) which had a negative result in all isolates, Where the (Seb) gene with a high rate of 100%, while the gene (Sec) gave a positive result in (1) isolate with a percentage of (0.09 %). The genes (icaA) was positive in all isolates with a rate of (90%) except in the two isolates. the severity of enterotoxin virulence gene in S. aureus strains leading to complications to human and animal life, including intestinal poisoning accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, vomition, dehydration and hypotension. Some of these virulent genes resulting in pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia and death

[Al-Abbou, M.A. Ashraf, A. Abd El-Tawab, Fatma, I. El Hofy, Hend K. Sorour, Hamouda, R.H. and Marwah H. Abd Ali Molecular characterization of some virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different sources and human. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):9-16]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.02.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; virulence genes; nuc, spa, coa, icaA, Sea, Seb, Sec gene; human, poultry, food and milk.

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Analysis Of The Seasonal Distribution Of The Reduced Water Layer In Uzbekistan

Yulduz Ergasheva

PhD Student. National University of Uzbekistan

shakhlooblokulova@gmail.com

Abstract: This article discusses the seasonal distribution of the depleted aquifer in Uzbekistan. All of the above methods for obtaining fresh water are based on the implementation of certain technical-constructive and economically feasible projects. At the same time, in arid zones, including deserts, there is a natural source of fresh water, which is a product of condensation of atmospheric moisture – dew.

[Yulduz Ergasheva.Analysis Of The Seasonal Distribution Of The Reduced Water Layer In Uzbekistan. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):16-20]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.03.

Keywords: seasonal distribution, depleted aquifer, Uzbekistan, fresh water, implementation, technical-constructive projects, economically feasible projects, arid zones, deserts, natural source, product of condensation, atmospheric moisture.

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An Allometric Growth Estimation of Diospyros Kaki L. F. (Japanese Persimmon) Collected from Jalalabad Valley and Gilgit city, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Sakina Abbas¹, Tika Khan^1&2*, Shamsher Ali³

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

²Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan

³Chemistry Department, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

*corresponding author: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk

Abstract: Japanese persimmon is commonly grown in Gilgit city and adjacent warm areas of Gilgit-Baltistan. This fruit is available from October to December but people use throughout the year by drying it. It is highly medicinal and   improve eye health, reduce aging, anti-cancer, improve digestion, boost immune system, lower cholesterol, increase metabolism, strengthen bones, boost cognitive function, lower blood pressure, and take care of skin. Spacemen (fruit) collected from two different sub-divisions of district Gilgit. Present allometric growth estimation study revealed that mean weight of fruit in 165.358 g (Jalalabad valley, 162.408 g; Gilgit city 168.308 g). Similarly, mean fruit diameter is 21.155 cm (Jalalabad, 21.29 cm; Gilgit, 21.155 cm). Furthermore, mean weight gain per day 0.916 g (Jalalabad, 0.90 g; Gilgit, 0.916 g). Whereas, mean diameter increase per day 0.1175 cm (Jalalabad, 00.1183 cm; Gilgit, 0.1167 cm). Percentage mean weight gain by fruit is 781.7495 % (Jalalabad, 762.799 %; Gilgit, 800.7 %) and percentage mean diameter increase by fruit is 12.8345 % (Jalalabad, 13.10%; Gilgit, 12.569 %).

[Sakina Abbas, Tika Khan, Shamsher Ali. (2016). An Allometric Growth Estimation of Diospyros Kaki L. F. (Japanese Persimmon) Collected from Jalalabad Valley and Gilgit city, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):21-23]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.04.

Key words: Hermit, Ebenaceae, kidney stone, immunity, antioxidant, beta-carotene, anti-cancer

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Socio-economic Characteristics of Outdoor Recreation Participants in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers Nigeria

Washington Gogo Uwowa, Samuel Bankole Arokoyu, Andrew Adesola Obafemi

Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

uwowawashington@gmail.com 

Abstract: This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of outdoor recreation participants in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers, Nigeria. A total of 2026 copies of questionnaire was distributed purposively to elicit information regarding outdoor recreation from the visitors found in the twenty seven recreation centers existing in the study area. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyzed data in this study using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20.0 version. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the significant relationship between the frequency of visiting the recreation centers and income, age and gender at p<0.05 significant level. Findings revealed that 48.6% of the respondents were married and more than 60% were within 21 and 40 years of age. Significant relationship existed between frequency of visiting recreation centers and resident’s income, age, education and gender in the study area (R²=0.742, p<0.05). The study recommended among others that government should encourage females, widows and widowers to be participating actively in the recreation activities in Port Harcourt Metropolis.

[Uwowa WG, Arokoyu SB, Obafemi AA. Socio-economic Characteristics of Outdoor Recreation Participants in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers Nigeria. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):24-32]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5.doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.05.

Keywords: Socio-economic characteristics, Outdoor, Recreation centers, Port Harcourt Metropolis

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Performance of Nodal Explants of Pycnanthus angolensis on different  Ascorbic Acid Concentrations

¹Bello. A., ²Akinyele, A.O. and Bello, F.A³

¹Department of Biology, Osun State College of Education, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria

²Department of Forest Production and Products, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

³Department of Microbiology, Bowen University, Iwo

nikebello73@gmail.com

Abstract: Performance of nodal explants of Pycnanthus angolensis on different ascorbic acid concentrations was carried to determine Number of nodes, Mean number of callused explants and size of shoot, Nature of leaf, Days of sprouting (days) and Colour of callus formed. Number of nodes: Explants at 100mg/l and 500 mg/l produced the highest number of nodes (3), while control produced lowest number of nodes (1) Mean number of callused explants and size of shoot: 100mg/l produced highest number of callused explants at 4, 80% and shoots height at 1.00cm, B and C at 60%., 250mg/l, zero. Control performed poorly on number of nodes (1), shoot height (0.40cm) and callus formation at 20%. Abscission was observed at lowest concentration of ascorbic acid (100mg/l).Nature of leaf: A- containing 100mg/l at 17^th day, C containing 500mg/l at 10th days while the AA-free medium produced leaves at 14^th day. Early production of leaves 10^th day was observed in 500mg/l while low concentration of AA containing 100mg/l produced leaves late at 17^th day. Days of sprouting (days): Early days of sprouting occurred in ascorbic acid (AA) free medium in 13.6 days, followed by 14.2 days in C containing 500mg/l, A containing 100mg/l (14.4days) while B-containing 250mg/l of ascorbic acid had late days to sprouting in 20.0 days. Early days of sprouting occurred in ascorbic acid (AA) free medium this could be as a result of hormonal combinations and concentrations (2.0KIN+ 10 IBA). Colour of callus formed was mostly brown to chocolate and white. Generally it was revealed that there was no browning with an increase in concentration of ascorbic acid whereas, the study showed that the highest rate of colouration due to phenolic compounds was obtained in the culture medium without ascorbic acid (Control). The study established that the best results for controlling browning were obtained when P. angolensis nodal segments were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l KIN + 10mg/l IBA while incorporated with 500 mg/l of ascorbic acid.

[Bello. A. Akinyele, A.O. and Bello, F.A. Performance of Nodal Explants of Pycnanthus angolensis on  different  Ascorbic Acid Concentrations. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):26-32]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.06.

Keywords: Performance, Nodal Explants, Pycnanthus angolensis Ascorbic Acid, Concentrations

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Relationship between Photosynthetically Active Radiation with Global Solar Radiation using Empirical Model over Selected Climatic Zones in Nigeria

Nwokolo Samuel Chukwwujindu

Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria, P. O. Box 2890, Nigeria

nwokolosc@stud.unical.edu.ng

Abstract: In this study, relationship between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global solar radiation (H) over selected climatic zones in Nigeria was carried out to assess the feasibility of  and H availability and utilization in Agriculture, Forestry and Oceanography. The measured global solar radiation H data were obtained from the Archives of the Nigerian Meteorology, Agency, Oshodi, Lagos, over a period of thirteen years (2000-2012). Using empirical model as the baseline for theoretical formulations and estimations of relationship between PAR and  over climatic zones in Nigeria.  From the estimated values, the seasonal ranged from 1.946-2.005; 1.909-1.955; 1.968-2.039; 1.987-2.060; 1.961-2.041; 1.928-1.984; 1.946-2.005  in rainy season and its high values are due to low influence from clearness index, harmattan dust and pyrogenic aerosols from regional biomass burning to 1.906-1.923; 1.905-1.917; 1.927-1.952; 1.950-1.999; 1.971-1.985; 1.889-1.923 in dry season and its low values are to combined high influence from cloudiness, pyogenic aerosols and harmattan dust with annual mean values of 1.943; 1.921; 1.975; 2.007; 1.986 and 1.936 for Ilorin, Sokoto, Abeokuta, Port Harcourt, Enugu and Gusau respectively. The annual ratio of  revealed that there is an evidence increase of the values from North-East (Gusau) to South-South (Port Harcourt). These variations were mainly due to trends in cloudiness and associated atmospheric moisture with the movement of the Hadley cell circulation system along the equatorial line. The model was found to estimate  accurately from commonly available H data when compared with researchers within and beyond tropical locations in Nigeria; however, the result also implied that the model is qualified and meteorologically reliable and commendable for relating photosynthetically active radiation with global solar radiation in any local climatic condition in Nigeria.

[Nwokolo, SC. Relationship between Photosynthetically Active Radiation with Global Solar Radiation using Empirical Model over Selected Climatic Zones in Nigeria. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):40-51]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7.doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.07.

Keywords: Photosynthetically active radiation, clearness index, global solar radiation, atmospheric parameters and Nigeria

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Decolourisation of Methylene Blue Dye from its Aqueous Solution Using Powdered Banana Pith as Adsorbent

¹Olusegun Onimisi John-Dewole, ¹Muyideen Olaitan Bamidele, ¹Iretiogo Mayowa Lawal and ² Ayoni Olubunmi Ogundiran

¹Department of Chemistry, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria

²Department of Chemical Sciences Taraba State University, Jalingo Nigeria

segunotaru@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study is based on the assessment of decolourisation of methylene blue dye from its aqueous solution using powdered banana pith as adsorbent. The materials used were obtained and treated for the removal of colour at different doses. These materials also evaluated for the removal of colour at different pH and time. The materials were capable of removing colour from wastewater, the colour removal capacity for banana pith was found to be 74%. Banana pith used in the present study was able to remove methylene blue dye effectively. Batch experimental processes as well as conditions that might influence the sorption of the metals were also investigated. These conditions include; effect of pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and particle size. The removal efficiency of banana pith was found to be affected by pH of methylene blue dye solution, contact time, concentration of the dye and amount of adsorbent. pH 2 was found to be the most effective in removing methylene blue dye from aqueous phase, and increased pH results in decreased removal efficiency. The adsorption is very quick; the equilibrium adsorption occurred within 40 min. the experimental adsorption data fitted with the Beer-Lambert law in the used range of concentrations. The banana pith can be used as a sustainable adsorbent to remove methylene blue dye from various effluents efficiently.

[Olusegun Onimisi John-Dewole, Muyideen Olaitan Bamidele, Iretiogo Mayowa Lawal and Ayoni Olubunmi Ogundiran. Decolourisation of Methylene Blue Dye from its Aqueous Solution Using Powdered Banana Pith as Adsorbent. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):52-57]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8.doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.08.

Keywords: adsorbent, banana pith, decolourisation, dye removal, wastewater

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Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia and Its Epidemiological Status in Ethiopia: A Review

Haftey Sahle³, Ayalew Negash¹, Gashaw Enbiyale², Samson Leta¹, Lemlem Gebreslassie³

¹Lecturer at University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.o. box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, ²Field Practitioner at University of Gondar Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, P.o. box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, ³Candidate of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and science, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, P.o. box. 196.

enbiyalegashaw@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper aimed to review the epidemiological status of contagious  bovinepleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Ethiopia and to high light the control and prevention options. CBPP is an acute or chronic mycoplasmal disease of cattle caused byMycoplasma mycoide ssubspecies mycoides smallcolony types. It is characterized by the presence of sero fibrinous interlobular edema and hepatization giving amarbled appearance to the lung in acute to sub-acute cases and capsulated lesions (sequestra) in the lungs of some chronically infected cattle.It istransmitted by direct contact and inhalation of droplets from lungs especially within susceptible animals. CBPP is disease of major concern throughout sub-SaharanAfrica. CBPP is currently wide spread in Ethiopia. Large endemic areas are found in the South, West, and North-east and North-western parts of the country. The prevalence of CBPP varies according to the epidemiology of the disease aswellas the production system. Aprevalence that varies from 4.3% in Jijiga to 96% inWestern Gojjam has been reported in aperiod between1997 and 2004. Vaccination is the most frequently used control strategyin combination with animal movement control. Animal movement is the major problem for rapid distribution of CBPP in Ethiopia. Therefore, restricting movement of animal, by creating awareness among societies about the diseaseis of aparamount for the success of control program.

[Haftey Sahle, Ayalew Negash, Gashaw Enbiyale, Samson Leta, Lemlem Gebreslassie. Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia and Its Epidemiological Status in Ethiopia: A Review. Nat Sci 2021;19(8):58-68]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.09.

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Review On Bovine Tick Infestation In Ethiopia Prospective

Abdeta Ayana, Mengestie Abebaw and Addisu Gebru

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, mengistab23@gmail.com

ABSRACT: Ticks are arachnids in the sub class acari which are relatively large and long lived parasite. They are blood feeding external parasites. Ticks are classified in to two families, argarisidae or soft ticks and ixodidae or hard ticks which differ considerably by their structure. There are total of 28 species of ticks distributed in Ethiopia. The percentage of their prevalence was ranges from 16 to 86.1% in different parts of country. There are four major stages in the life cycle of ticks: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The pathogenic effects are associated with the feeding mechanism of the parasite which is ideal for both penetrating the skin and transmitting micro-organisms. Ticks are causes great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. The effect of ticks on host species can be divided into cutaneous and systemic effects. Irritation, loss of appetite, depression, debilitation, weakness, ulceration, anemia, development of myiasis, annoyance, restlessness, loss of weight, and tick paralysis are clinical signs of tick infestation. Ticks acts as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. Treatment of hosts with acaricides to kill attached larvae, nymphs, and adults of ixodid ticks and larvae of argasid ticks has been the most widely used control method.

[Abdeta A. Mengestie A, Addisu, G. REVEIEW ON BOVINE TICK INFESTATION IN ETHIOPIA PROSPECTIVE . Nat Sci 2021;19(8):69-76]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online).

http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190821.10.

Key words: Bovine, Ethiopia, Ixodid, Ticks

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