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The Use of Dextrose Prolotherapy for myofascial Pain Dysfunction syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

Dr. Mohamed Elsehimy*

* Professor of oral and maxillofacial surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Kingdome of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: Musculoskeletal diseases including TMJ myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome accounted for the majority of both lost work and bad days due to health conditions. Dextrose prolotherapy has emerged as a cost-effective treatment option for chronic musculoskeletal and arthritic pain and function. It involves the injection of a small amount of solution (5 – 25 %) into multiple painful ligament and tendon insertions (enthesis), typical trigger points, as well as into the adjacent joint spaces to induce healing of the injured structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of dextrose 5% Prolotherapy for musculoskeletal pain in patients suffering from TMJ myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome with or without hypermobility. Dextrose Prolotherapy, if widely used, could have a tremendous impact on reducing musculoskeletal pain and disability, that improves population life-style and ability to work.

[Mohamed Elsehimy. The Use of Dextrose Prolotherapy for myofascial Pain Dysfunction syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.01.

Keywords: Prolotherapy; Dextrose; Myofacial pain syndrome; TMJ.

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Fundamental of Ring Theory

Samia Arshad

Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan

mian12156@gmail.com

Abstract: Ring Theory provides information pertinent to the aspects of Ring Theory. This research paper covers a variety of topics related to ring theory, including restricted Zero Divisor, integral Domain, Division Ring or Skew Field, Boolean Ring, Nilpotent Ring, Sub Ring, Improper/Trivial Sub Ring, Homomorphism, Monomorphism, Epimorphism, Isomorphism, Auto Morphism, Kernal, center of Ring, Ideal, Quotient Ring, Maximal ideal, Principal ideal, Prime ideal and their Application. Semi-primary rings, finite free resolutions, generalized rational identities, quotient rings, idealizer rings, identities of Azumaya algebras, endomorphism rings, and some remarks on rings with solvable units. Organized into 35 pages, this research paper begins with an overview of the characterization of restricted Homomorphism, Kernal, Fundamental Theorems of Ring Homomorphism and their Application.

[Samia Arshad. Fundamental of Ring Theory. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):9-13]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.02.

Key words: Homomorphism, Field, Ring, Fundamental of Ring Theory, Homomorphism theorem.

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Efficacy of Different Ethno-Veterinary Products Against Cattle Ticks in Nepal

Bigya Dhital^1*, Sulav Shrestha², Krishna Kaphle³, Rameshwor Pudasaini⁴

¹ Student (B. V. Sc. and A. H.), Purbanchal University, Nepal

² Assistant Professor, Purbanchal University, Nepal

³ Associate Professor, Tribhuvan University, Nepal

⁴ Assistant Professor, Tribhuvan University, Nepal

nepalvetbigya@gmail.com

Abstract: Ticks cause serious economic losses in cattle and an experiment was conducted to test efficacy of different products against ticks in Lamjung, Nepal during 2017-2018. The experiment was designed in completely randomized designs with seven treatments and four replications. Cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) were collected reared and produce next generation. Newly hatched larvae were used to test the efficacy of different products against these ticks. After 1 hour of treatment application, least number of ticks were found live in Cypermetrhrin application (2.5%) followed by Neem (10%), saltwater (25%), chinaberry and Mug-wort (27.5%). This study clearly shows that different ethno-veterinary products also manage the cattle ticks in the context of developing resistance to acaricides.

[Dhital B, Shrestha S, Kaphle K, Pudasaini R. Efficacy of Different Ethno-Veterinary Products Against Cattle Ticks in Nepal. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):14-17]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.03.

Keywords: Ticks, Efficacy, Ethno-Veterinary Products

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Evaluating Soil Characteristics and Weather on Latex Yield of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in Southern Nigeria by Correlation and Path Co-efficients

*Orimoloye¹, J. R., Ojiekpon², F. I. and Izevbigie², F. C.

¹Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

²Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 1049, Benin City, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author, E-mail: juliusorimoloye@yahoo.com

Abstract: Rubber production is influenced by a number of factors. Rubber yield, weather and soil data collected over a total of six-year period from the rubber plantations at the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria were subjected to correlation and path analysis to determine the direct and indirect contributions of edaphic and environmental factors to the yield of rubber in the humid rainforest ecological zone of Nigeria. Soil total porosity at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths with correlation coefficients of 0.683** and 0.500* respectively positively affected rubber yields while bulk density at 0-15 cm depth negatively affected rubber yield. The weather elements of rainfall and relative humidity at 0900 hours with correlation co-efficients of -0.340** and -0.245** respectively had negative relationships with rubber yield. Path analyses however showed that the influence of bulk density, porosity at 0-15 cm depth and rainfall were indirect thus could have influenced other soil and environmental parameters to affect the yield of rubber. The factors identified in this study could be of practical importance when considering the introduction of rubber into new agro-ecological zones.

[Orimoloye, J. R., Ojiekpon, F. I. and Izevbigie, F. C. Evaluating Soil Characteristics and Weather on Latex Yield of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) in Southern Nigeria by Correlation and Path Co-efficients. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):18-22]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.04.

Keywords: Rubber, Path analysis, soil characteristics, weather

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Study of groundwater resources condition in plains of Bakhtegan-Maharloo basin

Sepideh Hedayat¹, Heydar Zarei², Fereydoon Radmanesh³, Amir Soltani Mohammadi⁴

^1. MSc. Graduated, Department of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

^2. Assistant Professor, Department of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

^3. Associate Professor, Department of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

^4. Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Sciences Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.

sepideh_he@yahoo.com

Abstract: Due to the surface water resources limitations in Bakhtegan-Maharloo basin, the amount of groundwater resources discharge has been exceeded the limits and this amount has also had a significant effect on surface water resources, so that the excavation of several wells in the vicinity of Kor River has led to dry up the river. Easy access and operation of groundwater resources has led to a significant increment in discharge rate of these resources in the recent years, and in some areas, the discharge is over the potential of aquifer recharge which the continuation of this trend will cause irreversible destruction of groundwater resources. Therefore in the present study, the groundwater resources condition of the basin were studied by investigating the unit hydrographs of 19 plains of the basin which had 12 years of statistics (2002-2014). The results of aquifers unit hydrographs which is plotted based on monthly measurements of 458 observation wells indicated that Arsanjan, Kavar-Maharloo, Seidan-Faroogh, Saadat Abad and Ghare Bagh plains had the highest annual fall in groundwater levels with 2, 1.68, 1.19, 1.04, 1.02 meters drop, respectively.

[Hedayat S, Zarei H, Radmanesh F, Soltani Mohammadi A. Study of groundwater resources condition in plains of Bakhtegan-Maharloo basin. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):23-27]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.05.

Keywords: Unit hydrograph; groundwater; basin; Bakhtegan

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Natural Polymers Effect of Outdoor Exposure on Gum Arabic Nanocomposites

Turoti M.* and Oti C.

Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

( e-mail of author for correspondenc-muyiwaturoti@yahoo.co.uk)

Abstract: The effects of outdoor exposure on the neat gum Arabic and its nanocomposite films with cloisite 20A, an organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay, were studied with a view to extending the non-food application of the biopolymer. Based on the post-processed mechanical properties, four out of many nanocomposites produced containing 2.5,4.5,5.0 and 8.5%(w/w) of cloisite 20A (C20A) were exposed to the natural environment along with the neat polymer separately. The degradation process was monitored by determination if the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break supported with studies of the UV and FTIR spectroscopy as well as XRD and SEM. The results showed that while the initial outdoor exposure rapidly degraded the mechanical properties of both the neat polymer and some of its nanocomposites (2.5 & 4.5%C20A) the values of these properties were greater and indeed increased in some (5. and 8.5%C2A) of the latter than the former. The UV and FTIR indicated absence of polyconjugated unsaturation and lower level of formation of oxidation products, mainly hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, in the nanocomposites relative to the neat polymer. The XRD and SEM of a typical nanocompoite sample showed some enhanced crystallinity and intercalation of the nanofiller within the polymer matrix during the period of exposure. The nanocomposites containing 4.5,5.5 and 8.5% C20A were found more resistant to outdoor degradation than the neat biopolymer.

[Turoti M. and Oti C. Natural Polymers Effect of Outdoor Exposure on Gum Arabic Nanocomposites. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):28-40]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.06.

Keywords: Natural; Polymer; Effect; Outdoor; Exposure; Gum; Arabic; Nanocomposites

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An Allometric growth estimation study of Prunus armeniaca L. collected from Danyore Valley, district Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

Salim Khadim¹, Tika Khan^{1 & 2*}

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

²Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk

Abstract: Apricot (Khobani), a deciduous tree and is a member of family Rosaceae. Present allometric study revealed that mean leaf width is 7.456 cm, length is 8.508 cm and mean growth rate leaf area is 64.8256 cm². In a period of sixty (n=60) days, mean growth of leaf length per day was recorded as 0.134 cm. Plant average height was estimated as 11 m tall and trunk width is 40 cm wide.

[Salim Khadim, Tika Khan. An Allometric growth estimation study of Prunus armeniaca L. collected from Danyore Valley, district Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):41-43]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.07.

Key Words: Apricot, Karakoram, ethnobotany, leaf area index, apricot verities, Danyore

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Diagnostic Tools for Mycotic Pneumonia in large ruminant using autofluorescence character of fungi and detection of virulence gens of Aspergillus fumigatus using PCR

Ashraf A. Abd El-Tawab¹, Eman M. El-diasty², Ahmed Abu Al-Zaid Fawaz³ and Emad E. El-Mougy¹

¹Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt;

²Department of Mycology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt;

³Tanta Lab Branch, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt

Email: me7279040@gmail.com 

Abstract: Mycotic pneumonia is a respiratory disease of farm animals caused by different species of the fungal genera. Lung affections in farm animals constitute serious problem that hinders animal production and may result in great losses in animal husbandry. The objectives of this study were to estimate the infection rate of Mycotic pneumonia in large ruminants, identify the incriminated fungal species and differentiate among them using conventional and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) along with detection of virulence gene (Asphs ) involved in A. fumigatus. PCR along with culture results acted as gold standard methods for diagnosis of fungal cause. Also reported that autofluorescence considered as a rapid screening technique for diagnosis of fungal infections without the delay associated with special stains.

[Ashraf A. Abd El-Tawab, Eman M. El-diasty, Ahmed Abu Al-Zaid Fawaz and Emad E. El-Mougy Diagnostic Tools for Mycotic Pneumonia in large ruminant using autofluorescence character of fungi and detection of virulence gens of Aspergillus fumigatus using PCR Nat Sci 2021;19(3):44-52]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature  8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.08.

Key words: Aspergillus fumigatus, ruminant, Virulence, autofluorescence, PCR

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Ocean Surface Target Detection to Support Search and Rescue Mission Using Freely Available Satellite Data: Malaysian MH370 Airline Tragedy, a Case Study

Okoli Jude Emeka, Vahideh Saeidi, Mohammed Oludare Idrees*, Shattri Mansor

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia

 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author Email: dare.idrees@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper presents a simplified approach to detect objects on the ocean surface to aid search and rescue operation using free remote sensing data. In this study, we employed the compressed multi-spectral worldview-2 image to RGB JPEG 2000 file format. The objective is to find a simple method that can be used during search and rescue operation to detect objects on Ocean surface while onboard search vessels without the need for complex image processing tasks. We experimented with six different adaptive filters: Lee, Enhanced Lee, Frost, Enhanced Frost, Gamma, and Kuan filters. For each of the filters, three different kernel sizes, 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7 were tested. The result shows that Enhanced Frost with 7x7 kernels provides better indication of the presence of object on ocean surface. This indicates that without complex image processing and analysis, foreign objects on Ocean surface can be detected.

[Emeka OJ, Saeidi V, Idrees MO, Mansor S. Ocean Surface Target Detection to Support Search and Rescue Mission `Using Freely Available Satellite Data: Malaysian MH370 Airline Tragedy, a Case Study. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):53-61]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.09.

Keywords: Ocean physics; remote sensing; disaster; adaptive filter; target detection

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Fitness cost in laboratory selected strain of Culex pipiens associated with resistance to the insecticide temephos

Ahmed Tabbabi, Hassen Ben Cheikh

Laboratoire de Génétique, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Université de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie

tabbabiahmed@gmail.com

Abstract: In Tunisia, decades of vectors control using organophosphates have led to dissemination of resistance. Although these insecticides have been employed for decades against Culex pipiens in the country, knowledge of the impact of temephos resistance on vector viability is limited. We evaluated several fitness parameters in a Tunisian Culex pipiens strain classified as temephos resistant. The insecticide-susceptible S-Lab strain was used as an experimental control. Two loci that possess alleles conferring organophosphate (OP) resistance were considered: ace-1 coding for an acetylcholinesterase (AChE1, the OP target) and Ester, a ‘‘super locus’’. After 5 generations of pressure, the temephos resistance ratio increased to 60.51 at RR95, exhibited deficiency in the following two parameters: female fecundity (χ2=infini; dl=1; P<<0.05) and mortality rate (P<<0.05). Characterizations of resistance mechanisms indicate that Resistance ace-1 alleles coding for a modified AChE1 were associated with a higher mortality rate and lower fecundity. These results are compared to previous research on field collected populations, and the impact of the fitness advantage of an insecticide resistance allele on insecticide resistance evolution and management is discussed.

[Tabbabi A. Ben Cheikh H. Fitness cost in laboratory selected strain of Culex pipiens associated with resistance to the insecticide temephos. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):62-70]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.10

Key words: Culex pipiens; insecticide resistance; temephos; fitness cost

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Bio-monitoring and Diversity of Phytoplankton in a Tropical Estuarine Mangrove Swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria.

¹George, Ubong, ²Inyang-Etor, Aniema and ¹Ikot, Ndueso

¹Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

²Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

Corresponding Author: talk2georgeubong@gmail.com.

Abstract: Biomonitoring and Diversity of Phytoplankton in a Tropical Estuarine Mangrove Swamp in Akwa Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria was conducted for 12 months (between May 2015 and April 2016) with the aim to assess the status of the water and phytoplankton diversity of the study area. Water samples were collected monthly in three stations and analyzed using standard procedures. Plankton samples were collected with 55 micro meter mesh size plankton net of 18.0 cm diameter at 3 sampling stations once monthly. Samples were preserved with 10 % formalin solution in labeled plastic containers in the field. In the laboratory, 1ml of the plankton subsample was withdrawn with a wide-mouthed pipette from field samples and placed on a Sedge-wick rafter counting chamber for species identification and counts with standard keys through direct microscopy. Mean values obtained for physico-chemical parameters during the study were as follows: pH (8.2±0.11), temperature (26.17±0.26), electrical conductivity (49993.33±634.09), dissolve oxygen (6.12±0.10), turbidity (25.55±4.63), biochemical oxygen demand (2.28±0.11), nitrate (37.93±3.34), sulphate (3321.67 ± 63.95), phosphate (8.24 ± 0.09) and ammonia (22.62 ± 1.12) respectively. WQI value computed from the obtain parameters during the study indicated that the water quality from Qua Iboe River Estuary is unsuitable for drinking and other domestic usages.  A total of 5,279 (2,411 and 2,868 for wet and dry season respectively) phytoplankton individuals, which was made up of 38 species, and belonging to 5 taxa were encountered throughout the study. In terms of phytoplankton abundance and species diversity, Bacillariop‑hyceae constituted the bulk of the phytoplankton group during the study. This was followed by Cyanophyceae, Dino‑phyceae, Chlorophyceae and xanthophceae in the following pattern: Bacillariophycea>Cyanophyceae>Dinophycea‑e>Chlorophyceae>xanthophyceae. Species dominance ranged between 0.07 and 0.50, Shannon-wiener index ranged between 0.69 – 2.70 while Simpson index ranged between 0.50 – 0.93 and species evenness ranged between 0.88 – 0.99 indicating that the phytoplankton were evenly distributed throughout the study. Multivariate analytical technique using principal component analysis yielded 5 components. High loadings of physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton taxa were observed in PC₁ which suggest that environmental factors plays vital role in phytoplankton dynamics. The deterioration in water quality and the prevalence of pollution tolerant species in the taxa Bacillariophycea and Cyanophyceae was attributed to human induced perturbations. Based on findings, this study further vindicates the call for proper monitoring and management of our indigenous water bodies. Also there is a need to raise the necessary awareness on the benefit of a healthy coastal environment.

[George U, Inyang Etor A, Ikot N. Biomonitoring and Diversity of Phytoplankton in a Tropical Estuarine Mangrove Swamp in Akwa      Ibom State, South-South, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2021;19(3):71-82]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj190321.11

Keywords: Bio-monitoring, water quality index, Diversity, Phytoplankton, Tropical, Mangrove Swamp, Principal component analysis.

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