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Comparative Effect of Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetic Rats

Ghada S. Ewies, Sawsan Sadik, Sara Wahib Fayek, Aymen Helal

Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

Email: gsa03@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: The aim of the present work is to clarify the potential protective effect of Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg). Rats were divided into two main groups; control groups (Normal, Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept Control groups) and diabetic groups (Diabetic, STZ+Roflumilast, STZ+Dapagliflozin and STZ+Etanercept groups). Roflumilast (0.5 mg\kg orally daily), Dapagliflozin (1mg\kg orally daily) and Etanercept (1 mg\kg subcutaneous twice \week) were administered for 21 days to study their effects on (blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum insulin) and (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cardiotrophin and metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in cardiac tissue). Electrocardiogram (ECG) data (heart rate HR, QT interval, QTc interval, R wave amplitude and ST deviation) were assessed. Cardiac contractility and histopathological examination were also performed. The present study revealed that diabetic rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose and HbA1c and a significant decrease in serum insulin. Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept significantly decreased blood glucose and HbA1c and significantly increased serum insulin. There was significant decrease in serum glucose level in (STZ+etanercept) group compared to (STZ+dapagliflozin) group. Moreover, there was significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin level in (STZ+dapagliflozin) compared to (STZ+roflumilast). Cardiac level of TNF-α, cardiotrophin and MMP-13 were significantly increased in diabetic rats. Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept significantly decreased TNF-α, cardiotrophin and MMP-13 in cardiac tissue. There was significant decrease in TNF-α in (STZ+etanercept) group compared to (STZ+roflumilast) and (STZ+dapagliflozin) groups. There was also significant decrease in cardiotrophin level in (STZ+dapagliflozin) and (STZ+etanercept) groups compared to (STZ+roflumilast) group. The present work revealed that diabetic rats presented a significant decrease in HR and a significant increase in QT, QTc intervals and ST deviation. Roflumilast and Etanercept significantly increased HR and significantly decreased QT, QTc intervals. Dapagliflozin significantly decreased QTc interval and ST deviation. Etanercept significantly increased ST deviation. There was significant decrease in QTc interval in (STZ+roflumilast) group compared to (STZ+dapagliflozin) and (STZ+etanercept) groups. There was also significant increase in ST deviation in (STZ+roflumilast), and (STZ+etanercept) groups compared to (STZ+dapagliflozin) group. Histopathological examination by H & E staining revealed that STZ-induced diabetes caused prominent widening between cardiomyocytes, degenerative changes of cardiomyocytes, vacuolation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Sections stained by Masson's Trichrome showed marked collagen deposition around cardiomyocytes and blood vessels. These changes were ameliorated with Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept treatment.

[Ghada S. Ewies, Sawsan Sadik, Sara Wahib Fayek, Aymen Helal. Comparative Effect of Roflumilast, Dapagliflozin and Etanercept on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetic Rats. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):1-12]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.01.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; diabetic cardiomyopathy; cardiac dysfunction, Roflumilast; Dapagliflozin and Etanercept

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Relationship between Internalized Stigma and Social Function among Schizophrenic Patients

Sally Ahmed Mohamed Al-Maghraby¹, Mona El-Bilsha¹, Mohamed Ezzat El-Hadidy².

¹Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing-Mansoura University

²Psychiatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University

E-mail of the corresponding author: sallyahmed@mans.edu.eg

Abstract: Schizophrenia is still one of the most serious psychiatric conditions with tremendous economic and social costs for the individuals and community. Internalized stigma is a recovery barrier from schizophrenia and has been related to diminished self-esteem and functioning impairment in schizophre­nia. Aim of this study: assess the relationship between internalized stigma and social function among schizophrenic patients. Method: descriptive design was used to conduct the research on 200 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who attend in-patient department and out-patient clinics at Mansoura University Hospitals throughout six months. Results: 20% of the patients reported moderate to severe levels of internalized stigma and most of the patients had low scores on social function scale, a statistically significant negative correlation was revealed between internalized stigma and social function. Conclusion: The findings show that the patients’ social functioning decreases with the increasing levels of internalized stigma. Based on the present results we recommended that future intervention for preventing and decreasing internalized stigma may help to promote social function.

[Sally Ahmed Mohamed Al-Maghraby, Mona El-Bilsha, Mohamed Ezzat El-Hadidy. Relationship between Internalized Stigma and Social Function among Schizophrenic Patients. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):13-21]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.02.

Key Words: Schizophrenia, Internalized stigma, Social function

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Prevalence of Deliberate Self-Harm among Egyptian Patients with Substance Use Disorder

Sally Abdallah Mohamed El-Sherbiny Tarabih¹, Mona Ahmed El-Bilsha¹, Hala Ahmed El-Boraie²

¹Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt

²Psychiatric Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

E-mail of the corresponding author: sally.abdallah@mans.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Substance use disorder is one of the most prevalent and costly psychiatric disorders. It is a problematic pattern of drug use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Aim of this study: assess the prevalence of deliberate self- harm among patients with substance use disorder. Method: a descriptive research design was used to carry out the research on 305 patients with substance use disorder who attended at the Inpatient and Out-patient Addiction unit of Psychiatric Department of Mansoura University Hospital. Results: results of the current study revealed that more than half of the study sample (63.0%) were between 20 to 35 years and the majority of them were males (97.4%). Also, the most frequently abused substances among the studied sample were tramadol followed by hashish then heroin. The percentage of deliberate self -harm among the studied sample was 21.3% and the most frequently reported self-harming behavior among them was self-cutting (83.1%) followed by head banging against something (23.1%). Conclusion: A good percentage of patients with substance use disorder are having deliberate self-harm behavior and the most frequently reported self-harming behavior among those with a history of deliberate self-harm was self-cutting followed by head banging against something.

[Sally Abdallah Mohamed El-Sherbiny Tarabih, Mona Ahmed El-Bilsha, Hala Ahmed El-Boraie. Prevalence of Deliberate Self-Harm among Egyptian Patients with Substance Use Disorder. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):22-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.03.

Key Words: Substance use disorder, deliberate self- harm

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Territorial Features of Horticultural Development in Agriculture of Samarkand Region

Olimjon Kholboyevich Kuvandikov¹, Toshpulat Djumaboyev², Lutfullo Ziyadullayevich Ibragimov², Bekzod Murodovich Musayev³

¹Senior lecturer, Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

²Associate Professor, Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

³Assistant, Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

^*E-mail: Lutfullobek@mail.ru

Abstract: The geographical aspects of the development of horticulture in Samarkand region were analyzed in this article. In particular, the prospects for the cultivation of all types of fruits are described based on the availability of opportunities for the development of this sector in mountainous and foothill and non-irrigated dry lands, fertile soil, land resources, specific climatic conditions. Every year it is recommended to plant stunted fruit trees with high yields in mountainous and foothill and non-irrigated dry lands.

[Kuvandikov O.Kh., Djumaboyev T., Ibragimov L.Z., Musayev B.M. Territorial Features of Horticultural Development in Agriculture of Samarkand Region. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):30-34]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.04.

Keywords: food, fruit crops, intensive horticulture, mountain and foothills, packaged fruits

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As A Determining Factor Of Soil Meliorium Status Of Sangzor Basin Flow Geosystem

Sabitova Noila Ismoilovna ¹, Kholdorova Gulbakhor Mixliboevna ²

¹ Professor of the Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geography and Natural Resources, National University of Uzbekistan, PhD. nellisabitova@mail.ru

² Teacher of the Department of Geography and Fundamentals of Economics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute. xoldorovaguli@gmail.com

Abstract. To assess the salt mix within the Sangzor basin geosystem (Uzbekistan, Mirzachul) is identified and shown on the flow map (according to IN Stepanov), which is a natural elementary spatial-temporal structure of the earth's crust. The currents are separated by geometric variation of the isogypsum lines of the topographic maps. For the first time in the geosystem of the Sangzor basin, the boundary of the flow areas is separated by the area of formation, transit and accumulation of water, salt and fine sand. The map shows geochemically compatible divergent and convergent regions, increasing regions of easily soluble salts and decreasing regions receiving natural salts.

[Sabitova Noila Ismoilovna, Kholdorova Gulbakhor Mixliboevna. As A Determining Factor Of Soil Meliorium Status Of Sangzor Basin Flow Geosystem. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):35-39]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.05.

Keywords. Soil, salinity, topographic map, relief plastic, basin geosystem, flow systems

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Predictive Models for Floristic Components using Soil Variables in Seasonal Lacustrine Wetlands

Ita, R. E*. Ogbemudia, F. O. and Udo, N. S.

Department of Botany and Ecological Studies, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017 Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: alwaizfwesh247@yahoo.com; Telephone: +2348069290525

Abstract: The overlap between vegetation and environmental factors in wetlands has always been a key area in plant ecology. Studying vegetation components in wetland without allusion to the environmental factors governing their distribution is inconclusive. To this end, mathematical models were applied to predict floristic components using soil variables in seasonal lacustrine wetlands. A quadrat size of 5m × 5m was used to systematically sample the vegetation for density, frequency, height, basal area and crown cover. In each quadrat, soil samples were obtained at different rooting depths (0 -15 cm and 15 – 30 cm). Results obtained showed variations in the floristic composition in the wetlands seasonally. Rural wetland had seventeen (17) plant species during the dry season and fourteen (14) plant species during the wet season while urban wetland had eleven (11) plant species in the dry season and thirteen plant species (13) in the wet season. Variations in density, height, frequency, basal area and crown cover occurred in the wetlands. The physicochemical properties of the soil in these wetlands varied seasonally. A prediction model using stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the vegetation and species responses to the environment on the basis of soil variables and also showed their relationship with each other. It also showed the various predictors (soil properties) of the vegetation components such as density (exchangeable acidity, sand, pH, Na, Zn, Cd, Ca and total nitrogen), height (base saturation, Ni and sand), crown cover (exchangeable acidity, clay and electrical conductivity) and basal area (exchangeable acidity). In summary, it is established that using mathematical models, environmental variables (soils) can serve as good predictors of vegetation components in wetlands by elucidating the soil-vegetation interrelationships.

[Ita, R. E. Ogbemudia, F. O. and Udo, N. S. Predictive Models for Floristic Components using Soil Variables in Seasonal Lacustrine Wetlands. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):40-49]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.06.

Keywords: Predictive models, floristics, Lacustrine wetland, Stepwise multiple regression, Soil variables

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Effects of Some Preservation Methods on the Nutrient and Mineral Compositions of Three Selected Edible Mushrooms

Gbolagade S. Jonathan¹, Omolola O. Omotayo^1*, Glory I. Baysah² Michael D. Asemoloye^1* and Daniel A. Aina³.

¹Mycology/Fungal Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

²Department of Biology, Adventist University of West Africa.

³Departrment of Microbiology, Babcock Univrsity, Illisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Corresponding authors:

Omolola O. Omotayo, omotayoomolola@gmail.com; +2348032306604

Michael D. Asemoloye, asemoloyemike@gmail.com; +2348064844977

Abstract: The global commercial mushroom production today is increasing yearly. To enhance the supply, many food processing industries normally provide a wide range of canned and processed edible mushroom products such as frozen, sterilized, dried, pickled, marinated and salted mushrooms in forms of mushroom powder, paste, concentrates and extracts. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effects of popular preservation methods on the nutrient and mineral compositions of three selected oyster mushrooms of economic importance (Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor-caju). Fresh mushroom samples were purchased from mushroom farms; each mushroom was shared into five different groups and processed as fresh, refrigerated, sundried, oven dried and micro-wave dried groups, they were thereafter analyzed for nutrient and mineral compositions. The results obtained revealed that the preservation method had significant effects on the nutrient and mineral compositions of the mushroom samples. Notably, the lowest weight values were obtained from the sundried mushroom samples while the highest value was obtained from the fresh samples. The microwave mushroom samples were richer in nutrient and mineral compositions as compared to the other three preservation methods but in all lower than the fresh samples. It is therefore concluded that the preservation methods had effects on the nutrient and mineral contents of mushrooms. However, if there is need for preservation of excess mushrooms, preservation through micro-wave drying is recommended best among the four processing methods for mushrooms preservation since it was able to retain the highest value of protein in all the studied mushrooms.

[Omotayo OO, Jonathan SG, Baysah GI, Asemoloye MD, Aina DA. Effects of some Preservation Methods on the Nutrient and Mineral Compositions of Three selected Edible Mushrooms. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):50-57]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.07.

Keywords: Commercial; production; preservation; edible mushroom; nutrient; mineral composition

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Investigation of Effect Surplus Free cash Flow on Earnings Predictability with Emphasis on Moderating Role of Corporate governance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange

Bentolhoda Farhadi^1*, Tooraje Dastyar²

^1*Department of Accounting, Ramhormoz Branch, Islamic Azad university, Ramhormoz, Iran

²Department of Accounting, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad university, Behbahan, Iran

Corresponding Author: hodafarhadi@gmail.com

Abstract: The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of surplus free cash flow on earnings predictability with emphasis on the moderating role of corporate governance in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). For testing the hypotheses of research, multivariate linear regression model was used. In this study, the analysis of combined data is used. Significance test of the relationships between variables has been done using the t-statistic and significance level test. The results obtained from testing the hypotheses of research show that surplus free cash flow has a significant negative impact on earnings predictability in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Independence and size of Board of directors have significant positive impact on earnings predictability in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. And finally, board independence has significant positive impact on surplus free cash flow and earnings predictability in listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

[Bentolhoda Farhadi, Tooraje Dastyar. Investigation of Effect Surplus Free cash Flow on Earnings Predictability with Emphasis on Moderating Role of Corporate governance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):58-62]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.08.

Keywords: Free cash flow, board independence, board size, earnings predictability

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Computatonal Studies Of Some Hydrazone Derivatives As Antibacterial Agent: Dft And Docking Methods.

OYEBAMIJI Abel Kolawole², OYEDEJI Folashade O.¹, ADEJORO Isaiah A.¹ and ADELEKE Babatunde Benjamin*¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

E-mail: adelekebb46@gmail.com

Abstract: Quantum chemical calculations through density functional theory and docking study were carried out on a set of seven hydrazones and S. aureus cell line (4b19) so as to observe their inhibitory abilities of hydrazones. Many parameters which describe the anti-S. aureus were evaluated. All the compounds under study were docked against S. aureus cell line as receptors and the resulting binding energies reflected the extent of their binding affinities. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of formaldehyde showed the highest binding affinity.

[Abel Kolawole OYEBAMIJI, Folashade O. OYEDEJI, Isaiah A. ADEJORO and Babatunde Benjamin ADELEKE. Computatonal Studies Of Some Hydrazone Derivatives As Antibacterial Agent: Dft And Docking Methods. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):63-67]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.09.

Keywords: Hydrazone derivatives, S. aureus, DFT, Docking

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Predictive Models for Floristic Components using Soil Variables in Seasonal Lacustrine Wetlands

Ita, R. E.*Ogbemudia, F. O. and Udo, N. S.

Department of Botany and Ecological Studies, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017 Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

*Corresponding author: alwaizfwesh247@yahoo.com

Abstract: The overlap between vegetation and environmental factors in wetlands has always been a key area in plant ecology. Studying vegetation components in wetland without allusion to the environmental factors governing their distribution is inconclusive. To this end, mathematical models were applied to predict floristic components using soil variables in seasonal lacustrine wetlands. A quadrat size of 5m × 5m was used to systematically sample the vegetation for density, frequency, height, basal area and crown cover. In each quadrat, soil samples were obtained at different rooting depths (0 -15 cm and 15 – 30 cm). Results obtained showed variations in the floristic composition in the wetlands seasonally. Rural wetland had seventeen (17) plant species during the dry season and fourteen (14) plant species during the wet season while urban wetland had eleven (11) plant species in the dry season and thirteen plant species (13) in the wet season. Variations in density, height, frequency, basal area and crown cover occurred in the wetlands. The physicochemical properties of the soil in these wetlands varied seasonally. A prediction model using stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the vegetation and species responses to the environment on the basis of soil variables and also showed their relationship with each other. It also showed the various predictors (soil properties) of the vegetation components such as density (exchangeable acidity, sand, pH, Na, Zn, Cd, Ca and total nitrogen), height (base saturation, Ni and sand), crown cover (exchangeable acidity, clay and electrical conductivity) and basal area (exchangeable acidity). In summary, it is established that using mathematical models, environmental variables (soils) can serve as good predictors of vegetation components in wetlands by elucidating the soil-vegetation interrelationships.

[Ita, R. E. Ogbemudia, F. O. and Udo, N. S. Predictive Models for Floristic Components using Soil Variables in Seasonal Lacustrine Wetlands. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):68-78]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.10.

Keywords: Predictive models, floristics, Lacustrine wetland, Stepwise multiple regression, Soil variables

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Advanced Chemical Oxidants For Remediation Of Ground Water Contaminated With Petrolem Hydrocarbon Products: A Review

Ekwuluo, Maurice¹, Udom G. J². and Osu Charles I.³

¹Rivers State Ministry of Environment, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Ekwuluomaurice04@gmail.com

² Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

³Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt. P.M.B. 5323,

Port Harcourt, Nigeria. charsike@yahoo.com

Abstract: This review highlights the various chemical oxidants used for chemical oxidation remediation of ground water contaminated with all manner of petroleum hydrocarbon products. The oxidants include: hydrogen peroxide/Fenton’s reagent, sodium per sulphate, permanganates, potassium ferrioxalate, Regeno_X^TM and Zero valent iron. Application of this oxidants as well as their advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

[Ekwuluo, Maurice, Udom G. J. and Osu Charles I. Advanced Chemical Oxidants For Remediation Of Ground Water Contaminated With Petrolem Hydrocarbon Products: A Review. Nat Sci 2020;18(10):79-86]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj181020.11.

Keywords: Chemical oxidants, Ground water, Contaminants, Petroleum hrdrocarbons.

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