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Usefulness of Preoperative Ultrasonography in diagnosis of the Contralateral Inguinal Hernias in Children

Ahmed M. Kamal¹, Ehab A. Elshafae², Ayman M. Allam ², Asmaa A. Ali

¹Department General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of Pediatric Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Asmaa90dr@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Inguinal hernia repair is among the most common procedures performed by pediatric surgeons, the surgical management of the contralateral groin remains controversial. Aim of the Work: to verify the usefulness of preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of contralateral patent processusvaginalis (PPV) at the level of the internal inguinal ring. This cohort study included 150 patients presented to our hospital with unilateral inguinal hernia for herniotomy underwent preoperative ultrasonography detecting diameter of patent processusvaginalis at internal ring with follow up period of 6 months to contralateral side whether the contralateral side will be with evident inguinal hernia need herniotomy or non evident hernia for more follow up period. Results: During follow up of 6 months to contralateral sides patients come with evident hernia were 15 (10%), with median age (1.5years), whereas those with non evident hernia were 135 (90%). Conclusion: ultrasonography plays an effective role in identifying the patent processusvaginalis in patients come with unilateral inguinal hernia and that could reduce the incidence of metachronous hernia by preoperative check, avoiding ascend anaesthia, minimizing parental and patient inconvenience, avoiding the chance of incarceration, reducing costs, decrease un needed contralateral side exploration that accompanied with many complications and It could become an alternative to routine laparoscopic hernia repair in children.

[Ahmed M. Kamal, Ehab A. Elshafae, Ayman M. Allam, Asmaa A. Ali. Usefulness of Preoperative Ultrasonography in diagnosis of the Contralateral Inguinal Hernias in Children. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):1-4]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.01.

Key words: Ultrasonography, diagnosis, contralateral Inguinal Hernias, children

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Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Which is Better Ultrasonic Energy or Monopolar Electrosurgical Energy Dissection?

Prof. Dr. Ashraf Kamal, Prof. Dr. Mohamed Mahfouz Mohamed, Dr. Ahmed Yasser Abdel Halim, Eslam Mostafa Abdallah Gad Al-Rab

General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

ahmed_noon@windowslive.com, islam.mekkawy@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Gallstones remain one of the commonest surgical problems in the developed world and despite of major therapeutic advances in recent years there has been no progress in the prevention of gallstone development and it may lead to serious complication that may affect patient quality of life. Aim of the work: The aim of the study is to assess the safety and benefits of ultrasonic energy as a single alternative tool in the dissection of the gall bladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus monopolar electrosurgical energy. Patients and Methods: The present study was carried out on 60 patients admitted with symptomatic gall bladder stones with sonographic diagnosed chronic calcular cholecystitis. They were divided into 2 groups. Group A (30 patients) for those patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done using harmonic scalpel as the sole instrument for dissection after application of safety metallic clip on the bile duct due to defective imaging studies that are able to detect cystic duct diameter preoperatively. Group B (30 patients) for these patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done with electrocautery and hemostatic clips. Results: Follow-up (6-month maximum), none of our patients suffered from postoperative biliary stricture as determined by ultrasound scan. The main disadvantage of ultrasonic dissection is instrument cost which is particularly high if the surgical unit is equipped with reusable instruments. Nevertheless, some authors believe that compared with combined cost of using multiple disposable instruments (scissors, a clipper, an electrocautery hook and a grasper). In our study no mortality occurred. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy using ultrasonic energy is safe and feasible. The method offers several considerable advantages, such as the utilization of a single instrument both for dissection of the gallbladder from the hepatic bed and division of the artery and duct. The superiority of ultrasonic dissection over electrocautery in causing fewer perforations a shorter operating time and an improved laparoscopic view.

[Ashraf Kamal, Mohamed Mahfouz Mohamed, Ahmed Yasser Abdel Halim, Eslam Mostafa Abdallah Gad Al-Rab. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Which is Better Ultrasonic Energy or Monopolar Electrosurgical Energy Dissection? Nat Sci 2020;18(1):5-11]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.02.

Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Ultrasonic Energy, Monopolar Electrosurgical Energy Dissection

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Effect of Post-Extubation Noninvasive Ventilation on Weaning Outcomes in Patients with Respiratory Failure Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Waleed M. Abd El-Mageed, Neveen G. Fahmy, Karim G. El-Oraby

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

karimeloraby12@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Mechanical ventilation is a daily event in any ICU, using NIV as a weaning facilitating strategy for mechanically ventilated patients after passing Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT) recently considered to reduce complications associated with invasive ventilation. Also NIV used early to avoid invasive ventilation especially with COPD patients. Aim of the Work: to compare the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) to conventional strategy with face mask (FM) in preventing reintubation, if NIV is used immediately after elective extubation, in patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours. Patients and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was carried out from June 2018 till May 2019, including 50 patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Ain Shams University hospitals. Approval of the ethical committee of Ain Shams University was obtained before the start of patient’s recruitment. Results: The overall reintubation rate was 20%. Ten of the 50 evaluated patients were reintubated within 48 hours after extubation. The reintubation rate was different in each group. ICU length of stay was statistically different between the groups, with a mean of 8.6 ± 2.1 days in the NIV group and 10.8 ± 3.9 days in the FM group (P = 0.024). Hospital mortality rate (within about 30 days) showed a statistically significant difference between groups, with one death (4%) during hospitalization in the NIV group and seven (28%) deaths in the FM group (P < 0.04). Conclusion: Noninvasive ventilation compared with face mask alone prevented reintubation and decreased hospital mortality if done immediately after planned extubation in ICU patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days because of respiratory failure due to COPD.

[Waleed M. Abd El-Mageed, Neveen G. Fahmy, Karim G. El-Oraby. Effect of Post-Extubation Noninvasive Ventilation on Weaning Outcomes in Patients with Respiratory Failure Due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):12-19]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.03.

Key words: Post-extubation noninvasive ventilation, weaning, respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Role of Positrone Emission Tomography in Assessment of Renal Masses

Emam Mohamed Abd El-Aziz ¹, Manal Farag Khaled¹ and Mona Ibrahim Abd El Halim Mohammed²

¹Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-azhar University, Egypt.

²Department of Radiology, Sharq El Madina Hospital, Egypt.

monyabouzied@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) and combined PET/computed tomography (CT) are increasing lyused for oncologic imaging. Fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) PET demonstrates abnormal metabolic features associated with malignancy that often precedes morphologic findings demonstrated with anatomicimaging. Aim of the work: The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of PET- CT in assessment of renal masses. Patient and Methods: The study will be carried out on 50 patients referred to the Radiodiagnosis department at Sharq El Madina Hospital presenting with different types of malignancies during the time period starting at April 2017 till august 2019. Results: 25 (50%) of cases have high FDG uptake distributed as, and 24 cases all are malignant lesions (48%), 19 cases (76%) have RCC with mean SUV max 10.7, 3 cases have lymphoma (12%) with mean SUV max 36.5, 1 case has renal metastasis (4%) with SUV max 6 and 1 case has urothelial tumour (4%) with SUV max 14, and 1 case was pathologically proved oncocytoma with SUV max 19. Conclusion: FDGPET is better for evaluating a local recurrence of RCC due to high metabolic activity of a tumor and not influenced by several factors, such as migration of the adjacent normal organs into the empty renal fossa, postoperative scarring and artifacts from surgical clips that make interpretation of CT of the renal bed difficult.

[Emam Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Manal Farag Khaled and Mona Ibrahim Abd El Halim Mohamme. Role of Positrone Emission Tomography in Assessment of Renal Masses. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):20-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.04.

Keywords: Positrone Emission Tomography, Renal masses, PET/CT imaging

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Retrograde Approach as an Alternative to Antegrade Approach in Peripheral Arterial Angioplasty for Treatment of Critical Lower Limb Ischemia

Alaa Abdulhamid ElAshry¹, Ramez Mounir Wahba², Hamdy Abdelazeem Abo ElNeel Abdelhameed² and Mohamed ElSayed Ahmed Hassan¹

¹Department of General Surgery, Faculty University - Ain Shams University, Egypt.

²Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty University - Ain Shams University, Egypt.

muhammad90sayed@gmail.com; m7md.sayed@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a worldwide problem that has the potential to cause loss of limb or even loss of life. The prevalence of this vascular global problem in the general population is increased nowadays with increasing of prevalence of its risk factors as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia and others. Objective: to determine the feasibility (technically and outcome) of retrograde approach after failure of antegrade technique in peripheral arterial angioplasty for the treatment of critical lower limb ischemia. Patients and Methods: In this study, we worked on 25 patients who failed to be revascularized antegrade. Variant of accesses was created; popliteal, anterior tibial and posterior tibial. Ultrasound-guided puncture was needed in some of these cases. Results: Technically, 24 out of the 25 patients (96%) showed technical success, as the puncture was done and the lesion was crossed and treated adequately through a retrograde access. At the end of the 6-month period of follow up, the mean of ABI increased from 0.38 before the intervention to 0.68, this 0.3 rising in the ABI is significant and means that the procedure had a satisfactory outcome in short-term follow up period. Conclusion: The retrograde peripheral angioplasty whatever through popliteal artery or trans-tibial is feasible, safe, and successful in treating infra-inguinal arterial lesions when indicated, with satisfactory results during a short-term period of follow up.

[Alaa Abdulhamid ElAshry, Ramez Mounir Wahba, Hamdy Abdelazeem Abo ElNeel Abdelhameed and Mohamed ElSayed Ahmed Hassa. Retrograde Approach as an Alternative to Antegrade Approach in Peripheral Arterial Angioplasty for Treatment of Critical Lower Limb Ischemia. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):25-30]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.05.

Keywords: Peripheral arterial disease, Critical limb ischemia, Angioplasty

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Safety of One-Stage Conversion Surgery after Failed Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Mohammed Abdelmonem Marzouk, Basem Helmy Elshayeb, Abanoub Adel Shafek Awad

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Email: dr.abanoubadel@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Obesity continues to be a leading public health concern associated with many comorbidities and major hindering effect on the daily lifestyle of many people around the world. Surgical treatment for obesity has proved that it is the best and most effective, durable means of preventing the life-threatening complications and serious problems associated with morbid obesity. Due to its historical popularity, AGB are still present in many individuals. With growing evidence of weight regain or complications, many stand to benefit from band removal and conversion to a stapled bariatric procedure (Lap sleeve gastrectomy as an example). Objective: Re-assessing the safety and outcome of one-stage conversion of failed Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Patients and Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 30 patients are selected in Ain Shams University hospitals between June 2018 and March 2019 for assessment of safety of one stage conversion surgery after failed lap. adjustable gastric band. Results: Our study is aiming at evaluating the safety of one stage conversion surgery after failed lap. gastric banding. In which 30 patients (24 females and 6 males) with mean age of 41.83±12.42, BMI of 49.73± 6.77, mean history of banding of 9.75±3.10 and all have normal upper GI endoscopy prior to the surgery are followed up after the one stage conversion surgery. Only three developed post operative complications (10%of total cases). Conclusion: LAGB does not provide durable or meaningful weight loss for 44% of patients because of either inadequate weight loss or adequate weight loss with unmanageable symptoms. Single stage conversion surgery from lap. adjustable Gastric banding to lap. Sleeve gastrectomy is a totally safe technique.

[Mohammed Abdelmonem Marzouk, Basem Helmy Elshayeb, Abanoub Adel Shafek Awad. Safety of One-Stage Conversion Surgery after Failed Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):31-39]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.06.

Keywords: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, obesity, conversation surgery

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Evaluation of the role of post-operative Antibiotics Use after Lower Limbs Varicose Veins’ Conventional Surgery as a Prophylactic Measure against Surgical Site Infection

Khaled Z Mansour¹, Nasser S Hammad², Hany R Wakim¹, Nader M Hamada³ and Mahmoud A Okaz²

¹ General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

² Military Medical Academy, Egypt

³ Vascular Surgery Departments, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

dr.m.okaz@gmail.com

Background: Varicose veins (VV) surgery wounds are expected to be clean wounds that don’t need a regimen of postoperative systemic antibiotics. Inspite of this, many surgeons in Egypt believe that they have to prescribe a short course of post-operative systemic antibiotics due to different cohort of patients we deal with, with different standards of life, hygiene & health awareness. Aim: To study the value of using oral systemic antibiotic regimen after conventional surgery for VV in prophylaxis against surgical site infections (SSIs). Subjects and methods: a randomized prospective study carried on sixty patients who were candidates for conventional VV surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups; first group (group A) received a preoperative single dose of antibiotic while the second group (group B) received pre and post-operative antibiotic regimen. All patients were subjected to full pre-operative examination and routine laboratory and radiological investigations. Patients with high risk factors for developing SSIs were excluded from the study to better evaluate the role of post-operative antibiotic regimen. Our primary endpoint was incidence rate of SSI in both groups while our secondary endpoints were developing hematoma or thrombophlebitis. Results: Patients were mostly females (68.3%) with no significant difference in the gender distribution among the two groups, mean age was 35; body mass index (BMI) mean was 23.8 with significant decrease in mean BMI in group B. SSIs occurred in 3 (5%) out of the 60 patients. Out of these three patients two (6.7%) were in group A and one (3.3%) was in group B (P value= 0.55). 17 patients (28.3%) had hematoma, out of those 10 were in group A, while 7 were in group B (P value= 0.39). 3 patients (5%) had thrombophlebitis all of them were in group B (P value=0.078). By using statistical analysis studies there was no significant correlation between using post-operative antibiotics and incidence of SSIs, hematoma and thrombophlebitis formation. Conclusion: using of post-operative oral antibiotic regimen after conventional VV surgery doesn’t directly affect the incidence rate of surgical site infection (SSI) in SSI low risk patients.

[Khaled Z Mansour, Nasser S Hammad, Hany R Wakim, Nader M Hamada and Mahmoud A Oka. Evaluation of the role of post-operative Antibiotics Use after Lower Limbs Varicose Veins’ Conventional Surgery as a Prophylactic Measure against Surgical Site Infection. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):40-44]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.07.

Keywords: Varicose veins, surgical stripping of great saphenous vein, surgical site infection.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion Weighted Sequence in Comparison with Multiphase Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography in Characterization of Renal Masses

Emam Mohamed Abd El Aziz, Aliaa Ali Ibrahim El Naggar and Doaa Ali Mohamed Sakr

Department of Radio Diagnosis and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

doaasakrali@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the additive value of the magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted sequence in the characterization of the renal masses comparable with multi-phasic contrast enhanced computed tomography. Patient and method: This study was conducted on 50 patients; including indeterminate solid or cystic renal lesions detected by ultra sound or computed tomography, in addition to these lesions 10 simple cysts noted incidentally in the study population were included in the study. The data were collected during 26 months. CT study was done in all cases using 4, 16 and 64 detectors In 40 cases the study was performed as pre-contrast and multi-phasic post contrast study while in 10 cases, the study was done as non-contrast study only due to low creatinine clearance Multi-phasic CT was done as four-phase CT imaging that included an unenhanced scan and the evaluation of the corticomedullary phase (CMP), nephrographic phase (NP), and excretory phase (EP). Renal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): All patients received 1.5 ml/kg of intravenous nonionic contrast material. Images were acquired on a 1.5-tesla whole-body scanners using body phased array coil. Results: Renal lesions in the current study (n=82) were subdivided based upon the final diagnoses into 58 renal tumors (70.7%) (Including 10 benign and 48 malignant tumors), 14 non tumorous lesions (17.1%) (Including 2 solid (post-operative cortical defect) and 12 cystic lesions) and 10 simple cysts (12.2%) which were incidentally noted in the study population. The study was performed on 58 cases including 36 males (62.0%) and 22 females (38%). The mean age is 55.24 ± 15.5 years ranging from 4 years to 82 years. (Table 14) Among the 82 lesions included in the study, 42 lesions were right sided representing 51.2% and 40 lesions were left sided representing 48.8 %. The lesions in the current study were variable in size; their maximum dimensions ranged from 1 to 15 cm with a mean of 5.19 ± 3.2 cm. The final diagnosis has been reached by excision biopsy in 44 lesions (53.7%), core biopsy in 11 lesions (13.4%), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in 5 lesions (6.1%) and in the remaining 22 lesions (26.8%) the diagnosis was based on the radiological findings supported by clinical data with 6 of these lesions needed 3 months follow up with monitoring response to medical treatment in cases diagnosed radiologically as abscesses or hemorrhagic cysts while in the other 16 cases the diagnosis was clear radiologically by the presence of fat or in Bosniak I and II cysts, these cases needed no follow up or further assessment. Renal insufficiency was found in 15 cases, two of them were known patients with adult poly cystic kidney disease, in this group CT and MRI were done without contrast administration. Tuberous sclerosis syndrome was found in one case with bilateral renal angiomyolipomas this patient also had multiple brain tubers, cystic lung disease and fatty hepatic lesions. Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome was found in a single case with multiple oncocytomas, the patient had also multiple benign facial cutaneous lesions.

[Emam Mohamed Abd El Aziz, Aliaa Ali Ibrahim El Naggar and Doaa Ali Mohamed Sakr. Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion Weighted Sequence in Comparison with Multiphase Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography in Characterization of Renal Masses. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):45-53]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.08.

Keywords: Ct contrast enhananced, Diffusion weighted MRI, Renal masses

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The Possible Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging (HRCT) in Predicting the Visibility and Position of the Round Window in Cochlear Implantation Surgery

Samer Ahmed Ibrahim ¹, Tamer Shoukry Sobhy², Togan Wafi Taha³, Ihab Mohamed Nada ⁴, Nada Zakaria Zakaria El Sayad El Ablak⁵

¹ Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

² Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

³ Assistant Professor of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

⁴ Assistant Professor of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology

⁵ M.B.B.C.h, Ain Shams University

Nadazakaria68@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) magnifies the role of preoperative imaging for detailed inner and middle ear anatomical information. Imaging is essential in the preoperative evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients who are candidates for CI. Surgeons need to be alert regarding the anomalies and pathologies that may represent a potential surgical hazard or that may that may require modification of the surgical approach. Objectives: To study the possibility of preoperative assessment of round window in relation to the facial recess in order to anticipate the type of round window exposure before surgery by using High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan. Patients and Methods: This study included 50 children, aged 3 to 5 years who underwent unilateral cochlear implant with round window electrode insertion and had pre-operative high-resolution temporal bone CT scan. Pre-operative high-resolution temporal bone CT scan contained high-resolution images that are 0.625 mm thick, inter slice gap is 1 mm was done. Two parameters were measured α value (the angle between the line connecting the leading edge of the facial nerve to the midpoint of the round window and the median sagittal line) and d value (the vertical distance between the leading edge of the vertical section of the facial nerve and the posterior wall of the external auditory canal) by using pre-operative high-resolution temporal bone CT scan that was used to predict round window exposure according to ST Thomas classification. A correlation was done between the intraoperative degree of round window membrane exposure and the measured values. Results: In the present study; regarding prediction of difficult round window exposure using distance d and angle α parameters for all the cases, results were analyzed by Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve test. Best cutoff point of angle α is an angle α of ≤56 while best cutoff point for distance d is a distance of ≥5.2 mm. According to the recorded intraoperative round window membrane exposure conditions, the round window membrane was completely exposed in 28out of 50 cases (class I), which accounted for the majority (56%). In 19 cases, the round window membrane was partially exposed (class IIa and IIb) (16%, 22%). Only 3 cases (6%) had unexposed round window membranes (class III). The α value was significant in predicating exposure of round window. While the d value was not significant in predicating exposure of round window. Conclusion: The angle (α value) between the line connecting the leading edge of the facial nerve to the midpoint of the round window and the median sagittal line measured in preoperative CT scans can help in determining the extent of visibility of the round window seen during posterior tympanotomy round window insertion approach While d value of the vertical distance between the leading edge of the vertical section of the facial nerve and the posterior wall of the external auditory canal was not significant in predicating exposure of round window.

[Samer Ahmed Ibrahim, Tamer Shoukry Sobhy, Togan Wafi Taha, Ihab Mohamed Nada, Nada Zakaria Zakaria El Sayad El Ablak. The Possible Role of High Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging (HRCT) in Predicting the Visibility and Position of the Round Window in Cochlear Implantation Surgery. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):54-61]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.09.

Keywords: High Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging, Round Window, Cochlear Implantation Surgery

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Deep vein thrombosis associated with major lower extremity amputation

Mohamed Khalafallah, Ahmed Gamal, Ramez Mounir, Khaled A. Aboshiesha

Department of General Surgery. Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

khaledaboshiesha@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Patients undergoing lower extremity amputation are potentially at high risk for thromboembolic complications. Immobility and surgically induced venous endothelial trauma may predispose the patient undergoing amputation to development of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. In spite of the perception that lower extremity amputation is associated with thromboembolic complications, limited data are available documenting the prevalence of DVT after amputation. Aim of the Work: to prospectively document the incidence of DVT complicating lower extremity amputation. Patients and Methods: After obtaining approval from the ethical committee, this prospective and descriptive study included 62 amputations in 56 patients admitted consecutively to the Emergency Department and the Vascular Surgery Ward of the Demerdash Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ain Shams University, Egypt, was conducted from January 2019 through July 2019. The mean age of the patients was 67.25, 11.7 years (range, 43-88 years), and 51.7% were men. Results: During recovery, 16 cases of DVT were diagnosed in the ipsilateral amputated extremity, 12 within the first 5 days (75%) and four after this period. Of the 16 cases, 14 (87.5%) were diagnosed during outpatient care The cumulative incidence of DVT ipsilateral to the amputation was 24.4% 3 days and 28.0% 5 days, with respective standard errors of 0.057 and 0.064. Conclusion: The incidence of DVT ipsilateral to the amputation is elevated during the early postoperative period (5 days), mainly in AKA and at ages of 70 years. There was no relationship between the presence of the other comorbidities studied and postoperative DVT occurrence. All patients with PAD scheduled to undergo major amputation should be considered at high risk for the development of DVT, even during the period after discharge from the hospital. On the basis of these results, we recommend prophylactic anticoagulation (if not contraindicated) and surveillance to all patients undergoing this type of procedure. Further studies are required to determine the optimal method and duration for prophylaxis treatment.

[Mohamed Khalafallah, Ahmed Gamal, Ramez Mounir, Khaled A. Aboshiesha. Deep vein thrombosis associated with major lower extremity amputation. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):62-67]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.10.

Key words: Deep vein thrombosis, major lower extremity amputation

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Incidence of Trocar Site Hernia in Fascial Closure of the Port site Versus Skin Closure Only

Ayman Abd Allah Abd Rabo, MD, Amr H Afify, MD, Moustafa Ehsan Embaby

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Email: moustafa.embaby@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopy is widely practiced and offers realistic benefits over conventional surgery. Spreading of laparoscopic surgeries has increased the occurrence of trocar site hernias (TSHs). The obliquity of laparoscopic port make direct visualization of rectus fascia is difficult. The study is to show wither if there’s a benefit from closure of the rectus fascia at the port site or not. Objective: To evaluate the outcomes and complications in laparoscopic surgeries without fascial sheath closure of the port site (Group A). We compared the result with another group in which fascial closure of the port site was done by a standard method (Group B). Patients and Methods: All of patients were subjected to full history taking, careful physical examination. The patients were diagnosed and prepared for surgery under the supervision of general surgery department. Results: One case of TSH occurred in group A and no cases in group B with statistical insignificant differences between two groups (p=0.827). Also, there is statistical insignificant correlation between type of surgery and TSH (p=0.326). Conclusion: As per our study insignificant difference was found between the 2 groups as per the incidence of TSHs. So, the choice of port closure after laparoscopy will depend on the individual patient characteristics (such as body habitus, number and size of ports), the surgeon’s preference, and available resources. we should ensure the proper closure of port sites. Otherwise, the morbidity associated with a PSH will negate the expected benefits of the intended minimally invasive surgery. Our data suggest that patients undergoing their first laparoscopic surgery may not need fascia closure.

[Ayman Abd Allah Abd Rabo, Amr H Afify, Moustafa Ehsan Embaby. Incidence of Trocar Site Hernia in Fascial Closure of the Port site Versus Skin Closure Only. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):68-73]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.11.

Keywords: Polypropylene double-sided mesh, laparotomy quotient, port site hernias

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Histological and Immunohistochemical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Chamomile versus Green Tea Extracts on the Salivary Glands of Methotrexate Treated Male Albino Rats

Sohair Ahmed Fawzy¹, Mohamed Salah Elgendy², Asmaa Mohamed Elsayed², Alshaimaa Mohamed Abdulmonem²

¹Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

²Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

Sma25@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: Background: Methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic drug that causes major toxic effects on salivary glands. Green tea (GT) and chamomile are used to treat these toxic effects due to their anti-oxidant effect. Aim: This study aimed to demonstrate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of chamomile versus green tea on a methotrexate induced injury on the major salivary glands of adult male albino rats. Materials & Methods: 48 adult male albino rats were included in the present study. They were equally divided into 6 groups (8 rats each): control, MTX, GT, chamomile, mixed MTX & GT and mixed MTX & chamomile. Mixed groups were further subdivided into prophylactic & therapeutic subgroups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days. Submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands were obtained and stained with H & E stain, Mallory trichrome stain and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 & Caspase-3. The mean area % for collagen and Caspase-3 immunoreaction and the mean number of Ki-67 reactive nuclei were measured using the image analyzer and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: MTX group revealed acinar and ductal degeneration, cellular infiltrations and increase area % of collagen significantly compared to control group. However, mixed groups demonstrated improvement and significant decrease area % of collagen versus MTX group. Ki-67 was significantly increased & Caspase 3 was significantly decreased in mixed groups compared to MTX group. GT & chamomile groups showed histological structure and statistically not different from the control group. Conclusions: GT & chamomile had a prophylactic and therapeutic effect on MTX-induced salivary glands degeneration through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therapeutic and regenerative effect of chamomile is similar or slightly more effective than GT.

[Sohair Ahmed Fawzy, Mohamed Salah Elgendy, Asmaa Mohamed Elsayed, Alshaimaa Mohamed Abdulmonem. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Chamomile versus Green Tea Extracts on the Salivary Glands of Methotrexate Treated Male Albino Rats. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):74-95]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.12.

Key Words: Methotrexate, Green tea, Chamomile, Salivary glands, parotid, submandibular, sublingual,` Ki 67, Caspase 3

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Electrocardiographic changes in patients with acute cerebrovascular stroke and their prognostic importance

Prof. Dr. Nermin Sadek Nasr, Ass. Prof. Heba Ahaa El Din El Serwi Ahmed Ezzet Mahmoud Bayoumy

Anesthesiology, ICU and Pain Management Department, Faculty of Medicine-Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Ahmed.ezzet@ymail.com

Abstract: Cerebrovascular stroke is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death worldwide. Complications after CVS can worsen neurologic and patient outcomes. Patients with CVS may have a variety of electrocardiographic changes which may be disturbance of rate, rhythm, P wave, QRS complex, PR interval, T wave, ST segment, QT interval or ischemic like changes. Early ECG may serve as an inexpensive test to screen for cardiac dysfunction prior to ordering more expensive and potentially more invasive testing. So, ECG should be a mandatory investigation for all patients with CVS. We were aiming in our study To determine if there are ECG changes with CVS and if these changes are related prognosis. In our study we found that ECG changes on admission are statistically significant but certain types of ECG changes were not correlated with outcome.

Further studies are required to more clarify the connection between these ECG abnormalities and CVS [Nermin [Sadek Nasr, Ass. Prof. Heba ahaa El Din El Serwi Ahmed Ezzet Mahmoud Bayoumy. Electrocardiographic changes in patients with acute cerebrovascular stroke and their prognostic importance. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):96-103]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.13.

Keywords: Electrocardiographic; change; patient; acute; cerebrovascular; stroke; prognostic

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Peritoneal Dialysis; Egyptian Experience

Hassan A. Ahmed, Ahmed R. Elarbagy, Ahmed M. Zahran, Ahmed R. Tawfek, Khalid M. Elzorkany and Mohamed K. Shaaban

Department of internal medicine, Menofia Faculty of medicine, Egypt.

mohammedshaaban@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objectives: to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics and the associated comorbidities (complications) of Egyptian patients on CAPD in two centers. Background: Peritoneal dialysis is the method of renal replacement therapy used by about 200,000 patients worldwide. Since the introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and of compact “easy-to-use” hydraulic cyclers for automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), the popularity of peritoneal dialysis has increased greatly. This is because peritoneal dialysis is simple, convenient, and relatively low cost, and because it can be done in the home. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from January to July 2017 on 21 patients with ESRD maintained on PD. Patients were collected from Nephrology and Dialysis department of Damanhour Medical National institute (16 patients) and Nephrology and Dialysis department of Mansoura General Hospital (5 patients). All patients were shifted from HD to PD due to poor vascular access. Participants were given informed consents and the study was approved by the Ethical and Medical Research Committee of the Menoufia University and the included institutes. All patients were subjected to thorough medical history taking, physical examination, and many investigations as well as assessment of dialysis adequacy by calculation of weekly KT/V and assessment of dialysis related complications. Also, assessment of health related quality of life of ESRD patients by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was done. Results: All studied patients were shifted from HD to PD due to failure of having vascular access. Patients with hepatitis C were 28.6% and none had hepatitis B infection. Main cause of ESRD was hypertension followed by diabetes. The most obvious problems in the studied patients was related to catheter problems in the form of infection and obstruction besides nutritional problems as indicated by hypoalbuminemia. It is recognized that patients with ESRD have to cope with many adversities eg. Physical symptoms, dietary regimes regardless of the treatment modality. According to scores of each domain of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire only 6 patients had bad QOL in physical domain 1 and this was seen in patients with lower albumin level. In domain 2 (psychological), 76.2% have good QOL and this could be due to flexibility and less social restriction offered by PD modality. The social domain (domain 3) offers similar results as domain 2 with 81% have good QOL while the environmental domain 4 showed the lowest percentage of good QOL most probably due to financial and employment problems. Conclusion: all patients were not offered PD as a modality of RRT until they had vascular access failure. Hypertension was the most common cause of ESRD in these patients while low albumin and catheter related problems were the most common problem and complications. Lack of education, financial problems and unemployment were important factors that affect QOL on our patients. Although our patients QOL is lower than normal population but is higher if compared with those of HD.

[Hassan A. Ahmed, Ahmed R. Elarbagy, Ahmed M. Zahran, Ahmed R. Tawfek, Khalid M. Elzorkany and Mohamed K. Shaaba. Peritoneal Dialysis; Egyptian Experience. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):104-115]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.14.

Key words: Peritoneal dialysis in Egypt- Quality of life in CAPD

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Nat Sci 2020;18(1):116-121. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15.

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Serum Magnesium Level Impact on the Outcome of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

Mohamed Afifi¹, Abd El-Nasser Hussein¹, Saeed Mostafa² and Ismail Osman³

¹ Professor of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

² Lecturer of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

³ M.B.B.Ch. Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

E-mail:dresmail1987@yahoo.com.

Abstract Objective: Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most common cation in the body and second most common intracellular cation after potassium, So its deficiency in critically ill‑patients should be frequently monitored. The study was structured to assess Serum magnesium level impact on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: sixty patients of both sex newly admitted to the medical and surgical ICU were assessed in the first four days of admission by measuring abnormalities in serum magnesium level. They were divided to three groups, normal range for magnesium concentration is 1.5 to 2.3 mg/dl, Serum (Mg) level < 1.50 mg/dl was considered as hypomagnesemia and ≥ 2.3 mg/dl as hypermagnesemia. Data was divided into normomagnesemic -control group- (C group), hypomagnesemic (L group) and hypermagnesemia (H group). Patients were assessed by using SOFA and MOD scores in the first four days of ICU admission. Results: This study included patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit whose were evaluated by (SOFA) and (MOD) scores, it had shown that the abnormalities in the serum (Mg) level had significant relation with both (SOFA) and (MOD) scores. Conclusion: The correction of the serum (Mg) level has a significant impact in on the Outcome of (ICU) patients.

[Mohamed Afifi, Abd El-Nasser Hussein, Saeed Mostafa and Ismail Osman. Serum Magnesium Level Impact on the Outcome of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):122-128]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.16.

Key Words: Magnesium, SOFA, MOD, ICU

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Comparative study between surgical intervention and endoscopic stenting for management of leakage after sleeve gastrectomy

Sameh Maaty MD¹, Ahmed Zaki Garib MD ², Sherif Morad MD¹ and Alaa Mohamed El kamel M.S²

¹Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

²Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Egypt

amkas007@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining popularity for the treatment of morbid obesity. LSG is a safe procedure with a low complication rate. The complications encountered nevertheless can result in morbidity and even mortality. Leaks are the major complication associated with LSG with a reported prevalence between 1.9% and 2.4%. Objective: To compare surgical intervention and endoscopic stenting for treatment of gastric leakage after sleeve gastrectomy. Patients and method: Our study included 30 patients presented with post sleeve leaks discovered by routine postoperative imaging or during the follow up period. Patients were recruited from El-Demerdash hospital and October 6th university hospital during the period from August 2016 to August 2018. Patients were divided in equal ratio to the following groups: 1) Endoscopy group: This included 15 patients with post sleeve leakage undergoing endoscopic stent insertion. 2) Surgery group: which included 15 patients with post sleeve leak age undergoing surgical management. Results: Our study showed that Endoscopic stenting for management of post sleeve gastrectomy leakage is an effective method with lower morbidity and shorter post operative hospital stay than surgical management. Some patients may be good candidates for early surgical intervention in type 1 leakage if managed early before dissemination of leakage and before tissues become friable. complications of stents include stent migration (26%), stent related ulcer (13%) and stricture (13%). while the surgical intervention carries more sever complications (DVT, chest infection, wound infection and stricture) and longer postoperative hospital stay. Conclusion: endoscopic management of post-sleeve gastrectomy leakage with stenting is advocated because it successfully manages the leaks and avoids additional invasive procedures. The present randomized controlled trial shows that the endoscopic stenting had comparable success rate to definitive surgical interventions, with shorter hospital stay and early return of function. The endoscopic management of post-sleeve gastrectomy leakage with stenting was associated with few complication rates and well-tolerable safety profile. Nevertheless, further studies are still needed to confirm our findings.

[Sameh Maaty, Ahmed Zaki Garib, Sherif Morad and Alaa Mohamed El kamel. Comparative study between surgical intervention and endoscopic stenting for management of leakage after sleeve gastrectomy. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):129-135]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.17.

Key words: Sleeve gastrectomy, leakage post sleeve gastrectomy, Endoscopic stenting

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Evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia as a predictor of complicated acute appendicitis

Ashraf K. Abdallah, Ahmed A. Shoka and Morcos T. Gobriel

Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

marcos.gobriel@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common presentations in emergency department and appendicectomy is considered to be one of the most frequently performed surgeries worldwide. The decision whether or not to operate, is key in the management of acute appendicitis. Aim of the Work: to evaluate the value of serum bilirubin measurement in cases of complicated acute appendicitis. Patients and Methods This prospective study was conducted on 80 patients with signs, symptoms and laboratory findings consistent acute appendicitis. They had open or laparoscopic appendectomy in the emergency department in Ain Shams University hospitals, Ain Shams University and two other private hospitals from November 2017 to April 2018. Results: the sensitivity of the total serum bilirubin as a predictor for complication in acute appendicitis was found to be 82.35% with the negative predictive value of 93.3%, and the specificity was 95.45% while positive predictive value of 87.5%. while the sensitivity of WBC levels with cut off value of 14.2 x 10³ was found to be 76.74%. Accordingly, total serum bilirubin, in this study, is proved to be highly accurate and sensitive in predicting complication of acute appendicitis. The test is fast, cost-effective and easily accessible. In comparison, WBC levels is only moderately sensitive (76.74%). However, the complication in cases of acute appendicitis should be dealt with careful examination, history taking and investigations as there is no single investigation stand solely for proper diagnosis and appendicitis remains a clinical diagnosis. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of hyperbilirubinemia in diagnosing complicated appendicitis is acceptable with high specificity and has dramatically improved our ability of accurate diagnosis of complicated appendicitis and the need for CT scans and MRI can be reduced and unnecessary delay in appendicectomy can be avoided. It is recommended that hyperbilirubinemia is used as a screening marker for complicated appendicitis, aiding in accurate, timely diagnosis and management.

[Ashraf K. Abdallah, Ahmed A. Shoka and Morcos T. Gobriel. Evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia as a predictor of complicated acute appendicitis. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):136-142]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.18.

Key words: hyperbilirubinemia, acute appendicitis, serum bilirubin

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Studying the Influence of Axial Length on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Optic Disc Size Measurements by Spectral-Domain OCT

Magda M. Samy, Ayman A. Gaafar, Karim M. Naguib, Menna Allah Ali

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

mennaanwar100@gmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of axial myopia on the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and optic disc size using spectral domain Optical Coherence Topography. Patients and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study on 30 myopic eyes of patients aged between 30-40 years who were coming to the outpatient clinic. The patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Health Insurance Hospital in Suez. Results: This study found that the average, superior and inferior retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) significantly decreased with increase of the axial length. This study also found a direct correlation between axial length (AL) and disc area. However, AL was not significantly correlated with RNFL thickness in the nasal or temporal quadrant, optic rim area, or cup disc ratio (CDR). Conclusion: The study revealed that AL had a correlation with RNFLT and that axially myopic eyes showed thinner RNFLT than emmetropic eyes.

[Magda M. Samy, Ayman A. Gaafar, Karim M. Naguib, Menna Allah Ali. Studying the Influence of Axial Length on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Optic Disc Size Measurements by Spectral-Domain OCT. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):143-149]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.19.

Key words: Axial length, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, optic disc size spectral-domain OCT

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Synergetic and Competitive Relations between Metallic Ions in Soils with Various Man-Caused Impacts

I.V. Mikhailova ¹, E.S. Barysheva ², I.P. Voronkova ¹, N.A. Kuzmicheva ¹

^1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Orenburg State Medical University, 6, Sovetskaya Str., Orenburg, 460000, Russia

^2. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Orenburg State University, 13, Pobedy Ave, Orenburg, 460018, Russia

elena.barysheva.osu@gmail.com

Abstract: The goal of the research is to evaluate the heavy metals content in soils with various man-caused impacts taking into account their synergetic and antagonistic relations on the example of Orenburg Oblast. It is estimated that the gross content of lead, nickel, chrome, and cobalt in all the zones of Orenburg Oblast under study (the Eastern, Western and Central zone) is increased while the content of cadmium is decreased in comparison with the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). These differences can be caused by the polyelemental contamination of the territory as well as by synergetic and competitive relations between metallic ions.

[Mikhailova I.V., Barysheva E.S., Voronkova I.P., Kuzmicheva N.A. Synergetic and Competitive Relations between Metallic Ions in Soils with Various Man-Caused Impacts. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):150-154]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.20.

Keywords: Soil contamination; MPC; competitive interaction of metals; heavy metals; anthropogenic impact

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Impact of Groundwater Quality Status on its Sustainable Use Case study: Northwest of Giza, Egypt

Samir R. Awad, Zeinab M. El Fakharany

Associate Professor, Research Institute for Groundwater (RIGW), National Water Research Center (NWRC)

Email: smrradi@yahoo.com, ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-8492

Abstract: The research area is located in the northwest of Giza city. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the groundwater quality status and the hazardous impacts for sustainable uses. Chemical results showed that the total dissolved solids (TDS) in drains are ranging between 633 mg/l and 1746 mg/l and nitrate (NO₃) concentrations range from 48 mg/l to 88 mg/l. High TDS in the groundwater reaching 4768 mg/l and high concentrations of nitrate more than 45 mg/l are found only in the western and southwestern parts of the study area referring to agricultural and domestic wastes. Simulation of groundwater flow using MODFLOW indicated that the aquifer in the modeled area is recharged dominantly from excess irrigation water and leakage from irrigation network. Both MODPATH and MT3DMS results confirmed that contaminants migrate downward and extending into the unconfined highly vulnerable aquifer part, which affected the groundwater sustainable use.

[Samir R. Awad, Zeinab M. El Fakharany. Impact of Groundwater Quality Status on its Sustainable Use Case study: Northwest of Giza, Egypt. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):155-170]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.21.

Keywords: Groundwater; quality; wastewater; MODFLOW; sustainable use; Giza, Egypt

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Nest-site Characteristics and Nest Abundance of Coptodon zillii (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire

Olga Rosemonde N’dri¹, Attoubé Ida Monney¹, Yao Aristide Konan², Mamadou Bamba² & Tidiani Koné¹

¹Laboratoire de biodiversité et gestion durable des écosystèmes tropicaux, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire

²Laboratoire d’hydrobiologie et écotoxicologie des eaux, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 586 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire

monneyattoubeida@yahoo.fr

Abstract: Nest sites and nest abundance of Coptodon zillii was investigated in Lake Buyo (Côte d’Ivoire), specifically in the Taï National Park’ bordering side. Nest counts and determination of habitat characteristics such as water depth, bottom slope, and sediment analyses were performed from April 2019 through November 2019 in 11 sampling sites (9 sites around shoreline zone and 2 in deep water area). No nest was observed in deep water zone (sites located at distances > 600 m of shoreline and depth between 94 and 1253 cm). Nests were recorded only in part of littoral zone which start from shoreline to water depth varying between 27 and 927 cm. Nest density recorded varied between 1.47 to 3.67 nests/m². In this zone, C. zillii nests were absent in depths higher than 40 cm throughout the sampling period. Results of this study indicate that C. zillii build nests on a larger particle size (gravel and medium sand), preferentially choose a flat substratum (slope < 25°) and closed to a shoreline. Nest density was negatively correlated with slope and water depth while it was positively correlated with optimum nesting depth.

[N’dri OR, Monney AI, Konan YA, Bamba M, Koné T. Nest-site Characteristics and Nest Abundance of Coptodon zillii (Pisces, Cichlidae) in Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):171-179]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 22. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.22.

Keywords: Fish-nest, abundance, environmental characteristics, Lake Buyo, Côte d’Ivoire

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Comparative Study for Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Cases with Normal Pregnancy versus Preeclampsia

Elsayed El Desouky¹, Osama Kamal Raslan¹, Ibrahim Abo El Magd¹, Waleed Al Sheikh¹, Mohmed Eltonsy Alsayed²

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Al Azhar University, Egypt

elsayedeldesouky@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of both maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preeclampsia is more common in developing countries due to women’s low dietary intake of essential minerals and vitamins, micronutrients such as copper, zinc, magnesium, manganese and selenium. Aim of work: was to investigate the levels of serum zinc and copper in preeclamptic women versus normal pregnant women. Patients and Methods: This case-control prospective study included a total of 50 pregnant women attending the Antenatal Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Azhar University Hospital. Subjects were categorized into 2 groups. Group I: 25 women with preeclampsia and Group II: 25 normal pregnant women without preeclampsia who served as controls. Studied group women were subjected to the following investigations: Urine analysis for detection of albumin and measurement of the degree of proteinuria, CBC, liver function tests, renal function tests, coagulation profiles and serum zinc and copper estimation were done. Results: have showed that preeclamptic pregnant women have low serum concentration of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) comparing to the healthy pregnant women. Zinc levels in control group was 95.7 mg/dL and in preeclamptic group 60.8 mg/dL with highly significance statistical difference (p<0.001). Copper levels in control group was 96.7mg/dL and in preeclamptic group 62.9 mg/dL with highly significance statistical difference (p<0.001). Concussion: It could be concluded that there are certain circumstances where preeclamptic pregnant women have low serum concentration of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) than the healthy pregnant women. This suggests the possible involvement of depleted serum trace element in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but we could not tell if this decrease in serum levels of Zn and Cu was a cause or a result of preeclampsia.

[Elsayed El Desouky, Osama Kamal Raslan, Ibrahim Abo El Magd, Waleed Al Sheikh, Mohmed Eltonsy Alsayed. Comparative Study for Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Cases with Normal Pregnancy versus Preeclampsia. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):180-184]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 23. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.23.

Keywords: Comparative; Study; Serum Zinc; Copper; Level; Case; Pregnancy; Preeclampsia

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Can Four Neutrons Form a Stable Nucleus?

Ahmed Alharbi ^{1, 2}

^1. Department of Physics, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

^2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8SU, United Kingdom

geetakh@gmail.com

Abstract: The existence of a stable 4-neutron (4n) nucleus has been investigated theoretically and experimentally for more than five decades. Several experimental approaches were adopted in the previous century with the aim of observing 4n nuclei yielded negative results. However, in this century, the GANEL experiment has supported the existence of a tetraneutron (4n) nucleus as a long-lived nucleus by detecting 6 events of 4n nuclei. This experimental result, however, has not been confirmed by subsequent studies. Moreover, in the most recent experiment RIKEN 2016, 4 events of a tetraneutron system were obtained in a resonant state and supported by a subsequent theoretical calculation. However, both findings from GANEL and RIKEN experiments indicate that 4n nuclei are unstable, as they decayed after a short time. The detection of such nuclei is significant to investigate properties of the nuclear forces needed to fuse the 4n together as chargeless nuclei. Although the existence of a stable tetraneutron nucleus has not been confirmed yet, it is still an open and fascinating question. Future studies aim to be built on the previous experiments by maximizing the beam energy of a projectile as well as optimizing a thick target.

[Ahmed Alharbi. Can Four Neutrons Form a Stable Nucleus? Nat Sci 2020;18(1):185-189]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 24. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.24.

Keywords: Tetraneutron; Bound state; Resonance; Neutron cluster

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Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Liver, Gills and Kidney of Heterotis niloticus as an Indicator of Aquatic Pollution from Lake Chad, Nigerian Sector

Jonathan, B. Y¹. Maina, H. M² and Barminas, J. T²

^1. Federal College of freshwaters Fisheries Technology, Maiduguri, PMB 1060, Maiduguri, Borno State.

^2. Chemistry Department, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, PMB 1076, Yola

Adamawa State, berny2025@yahoo.com; Telephone: +2348066491547

Abstract: The accumulation of cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in the liver, gills and kidney of Heterotis niloticus (H. nitilocus) was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) at Dumba 1 and Dumba 2 of Lake Chad, Nigerian Sector. The aim was to determine the heavy metal accumulation in organ tissues (liver, gills and kidney) of H. nitilocus. The highest heavy metals concentration Fe: 175.50 +10.02 mg/kg was observed in the liver at Dumba 2, while Cd: 0.01mg/kg, was the lowest concentration also in the liver at Dumba 2. At Dumba 1, Fe showed the highest concentration and Cd was the lowest. Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Pb concentrations in the liver, gills and kidney of H. nitoticus are above the maximum permissible limits by WHO (1989) and FEPA (2003). The results obtained in this study indicated that, the organ tissues of H. nitoticus are good indicators of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Zn is the only heavy metal that is within the allowable standard limits by WHO (1989) and FEPA (2003). The liver gills and kidney of H. nitoticus was polluted with Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb. Its consumption by humans may cause health hazards.

[Bernard J. Y., Humphrey M. M., Jeff B. T. Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Liver, Gills and Kidney of Heterotis niloticus as an Indicator of Aquatic Pollution from Lake Chad, Nigerian Sector. Nat Sci 2020;18(1):190-194]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 25. doi:10.7537/marsnsj180120.25.

Keywords: Accumulation; Heavy Metal; Heterotis niloticus; Organ tissues; Lake

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