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Frequency of fecal Secretory IgA deficiency in patients with cow milk induced enteropathy

Mostafaabdel-Aziz El Hodod¹, Yosra M. Mohsen¹, Nagwa M. Abo El Magd², Mohamed Salaheldin Abo El Wafa¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Kenedy1327@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: An important activity of the mucosal surface is the production of secretory IgA that serve as 1^st line of defense to repel pathogenic organisms. IgA deficiency is linked to the development of GIT food hypersensitivity and increased susceptibility to food allergy. IgA also prevent the development of allergic inflammatory reactions to environmental allergens. Objectives: to find a correlation between secretory IgA deficiency and food allergy which aids in understanding the pathogenesis of food allergy. Subjects and methods: a randomized cross sectional case control study that was carried out on 90 children in the pediatric hospital Ain Shams University. Cases enrolled in our study were children of age group from 1 month up to 3 years old who were already diagnosed with food allergy following in the GIT clinic. Fecal secretory IgA was measured for both groups. Results: Results reveals highly significant difference regarding level of secretory IgA being lower in cases with 24% than controls 6.7%. The frequency of recurrent chest infections and hospital admissions were much higher (64%) in the secretory IgA deficient group in comparison to the non-deficient group (25%) and (15%) respectively while the figures of recurrent GE was even higher (92%) among those with SIgA deficiency.

Conclusion: secretory IgA deficiency was more frequent among CMPA patient suggesting it has a role in the development of food allergy which should be studied further.

[Mostafaabdel-Aziz El Hodod, Yosra M. Mohsen, Nagwa M. Abo El Magd, Mohamed Salaheldin Abo El Waf. Frequency of fecal Secretory IgA deficiency in patients with cow milk induced enteropathy. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):1-3]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.01.

Key words: SIgA, food allergy, immunodeficiency

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Prevalence of bacterial Infections in Children with Gastroenteritis at Ain Shams University Paediatrics Hospital

Mohamed A. Abdelwahed¹, Yosra M. Mohsen¹, Nagwa M. Abo El Magd², Ola M. Abdelfatah¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

drolaomara@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Bacterial diarrheal disease is among the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in children 0–59 months most cases are treated empirically without the knowledge of etiological agents or antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Objectives: Determine the prevalence of bacterial infection among gastroenteritis patients. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional study sectional included 100 patients with gastroenteritis presented in pediatric hospital (Ain Shams University). Patients with immunodeficiency, chronic GIT illness, other concomitant diseases, were excluded Results: The results of stool culture revealed that the overall prevalence of bacterial infection among the patients was 79%, where: 3 (3.1%) had shigella gastroenteritis, 9 (9.2%) had salmonella gastroenteritis, 67 (68.4%) had E. coli gastroenteritis, while 19(19.4%) had no growth. Conclusion: bacterial infections among gastroenteritis children are underestimated, this study showed that frequency of bacterial infections among 100 cases of gastroenteritis among children was 79%.

[Mohamed A. Abdelwahed, Yosra M. Mohsen, Nagwa M. Abo El Magd, Ola M. Abdelfata. Prevalence of bacterial Infections in Children with Gastroenteritis at Ain Shams University Paediatrics Hospital. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):4-7]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.02.

Key words: pediatric, gastroenteritis, bacterial infection, prevalence.

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Comparative study between Microalbuminuria and Simplified Acute Physiology score as a marker of mortality in septic critically ill patients

Sahar M. Hassanin, Mahmoud H. Hasan, Sanaa F. Mahmoud, Ahmed M. Hassanin

Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and pain management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Dr_ahmed8812@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Sepsis remains a major global healthcare concern, owing to high morbidity and mortality, despite the advances in medical therapeutics. Microalbuminuria, is a common finding in critically ill patients, where it has shown promise not only as a predictor of organ failure and vasopressor requirement but of mortality, faring better than SAPS II and APACHE II score. Aim of the Work: to evaluate the relation between microalbuminuria (urine micro albumin / creatinine ratio) and SAPS II score in patients with sepsis and whether it could predict mortality in critically ill patients and to develop a simple, inexpensive and dynamic marker of critical illness. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals and Port Said governorate Hospitals. After getting approval from ethical committee, 45 patients presented with features of SIRS and suspected infection were included after fulfilling the exclusion criteria. Urine for Albumin creatinine ratio was done at 6 hours (ACR1) and at 24 hours (ACR2) of admission and SAPS II Score was calculated in the first 24 hours of admission. Results: 27 patients (60%) had all the 4 criteria for SIRS, 16 patients (35.5%) had 3 criteria and 2 patients (4.5%) had 2 criteria. Mortality percentage in this study was 55.56%. Mortality was maximum among those aged >40 years. Age of non-survivors patients ranging from 49 to 86 years with Mean of 69.800 years. SAPS II score ranged from 18 to 107 with a mean score of about 39.200 among survivors and 69.680 among non survivors with statistically significant P value of <0.001. Mean Urine ACR 1 among survivors was 81.395 μg/mg and among non Survivors 670.680 and ACR 2 was 70.350 among survivors and 681.920 among non survivors. Both were statistically significant with p value of 0.0001. All of 25 non survived patients (100%) had SAPS II score more than 50 and both Urine ACR1 and Urine ACR2 more than 150 with statistically significant p-value of <0.001 of each of them. Conclusion: Presence of significant microalbuminuria at admission and persistence of microalbuminuria at 24 hrs of admission correlated well with mortality as comparable to SAPS II score. Microalbuminuria is an inexpensive rapid diagnostic as well as prognostic tool that can be used as dynamic marker of sepsis.

[Sahar M. Hassanin, Mahmoud H. Hasan, Sanaa F. Mahmoud, Ahmed M. Hassanin. Comparative study between Microalbuminuria and Simplified Acute Physiology score as a marker of mortality in septic critically ill patients. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):8-13]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.03.

Key words: Microalbuminuria, Simplified Acute Physiology score, Mortality Sepsis

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[Nat Sci 2019;17(7):14-22]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.04. Withdrawn

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Economic study of corn pricing in Egypt

Mona Abd Elhalim Talaat, Amira Ahmed Elshater, Mona Hosny Gad

Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

Ma_-halim@hotmail.com, amirelshater55@yahoo.com, jasmen_-m201050@yahoo.com

Abstract: The problem of the study is the farmer's reluctance to cultivate corn crop due to the decline in net return, in addition raising the import prices. The research aimed to encourage farmers to adopt corn cultivation by establishes a fair price. As well as the estimation of the partial equilibrium model to measure the effect of price distortions on the structure of corn market on both the producer and the consumer, in addition to measuring the efficiency, welfare and state revenue. The results showed that the fourth scenario achieves the best indicators for the corn farmers, according to the highest percentage of the value of domestic production to domestic consumption, The increasing in product price exceeds the border price by about 13% during the period considered in the current values, while in real terms an increase of about 40%, 2% during the average of the first and second periods, and decrease by about 40%, 50% during the average of the third period and in 2017, Respectively, in addition, Support for the local producer is estimated at 15% of the current values, whereas according to the real values, the producer receives support by about 69% during the average of the initial period, while there is a mandatory implicit tax estimated at 28% during the third period and about 33% in 2017. By measuring input efficiency, the lowest economic loss in real terms is about LE 8.9, 153, 312 million for the second, third, and 2017 periods, respectively, it achieves the largest gain in the state revenues of corn crop at current values ​​of about 0.682, 1.289, 2.977 billion pounds during the three periods respectively, and about 3.31 billion pounds in 2017, achieving a gain in foreign exchange earnings estimated at 0.579, 1.359, 3.164 billion Pounds during the three periods and about 3.9 billion pounds in 2017. Also the fourth scenario achieves the lowest deficit in government revenues estimated at 0.438, 6.447 billion pounds during the second and third periods respectively, and about 8.7 billion pounds in 2017. The minimum deficit in the foreign exchange proceeds is estimated at 0.567, 11.037 billion pounds during two periods Second and third, and about 16.9 billion pounds in 2017. Therefore, the study recommends that the state can encourage farmers to adopt corn cultivation and reduce price distortions in favor of the farmer, by setting a fair price estimated according to the import price index.

[Mona Abd Elhalim Talaat, Amira Ahmed Elshater, Mona Hosny Gad. Economic study of corn pricing in Egypt. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):23-30]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.05.

Keywords: corn, price, partial equilibrium model, efficiency.

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Correlation between serum level of Immunoglobulin and antiepileptic drugs in sample of Egyptian Epileptic Patients.

Prof. Yousry Aboelnaga Abdelhamied, Prof. Ahmed Mohamed Hazzou, Lecturer. Mona Mokthar Wahideldin and Ihssan Yasin Mohamed Mohamed

Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

frauihssan@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Data on the effects of antiepileptic drugs on immune system are frequently inconsistent and some time conflicting because the affects of drugs cannot be separated from those of seizures, first-generation drugs have been most intensively investigated, the genetic background of the patients, the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics profile of the AEDs may act as confounders. Valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, vigabtrin, levetiracetam and diazepam have been found to modulate the immune system activities by affecting hurmoral and cellular immunity. AEDs are associated with pharmacokinetics interactions (most frequently occurring with carbamazepine, phenytoin, Phenobarbital and valproate). Hepatic metabolism is the primary side of interaction for AEDs. An important adverse effect of the action of AEDs on the immune system is antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). The pathological mechanism of the effects of AEDs on immune system are incompletely understood. Aim of work: To investigate serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgG concentrations in patients with focal epilepsy, shortly after first presentation of one or more unprovoked epileptic seizures before the start the treatment with AEDs, and compared them with patients treated with three different antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine (CBZ), Sodium valproate (VPA) and Levetiracetam (LEV) in monotherapy and in polytherapy, for at least three months of drug intake duration. Patient and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study conducted in the epilepsy clinic, department of Neurology, Ain Shams University. This present study aimed at describing data of 82 patients with focal epilepsy based on clinical course, EEG report and MRI brain images who attended the epilepsy clinic over a year period from, February 2018 to February 2019. Plasme Immunoglobulin levels were measured with guantitative methods using a Biosystems kits and is presented as mg/dL. Results: A total 82 subjects in the age range of 13-53 years old met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Serum level of IgG, IgA and IgM is not altered in patients shortly after the first presentation with epileptic seizures and before start treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Significant reduction in serum level of IgG and IgA was detected after treatment with Carbamazepine in monotherapy and in combination with sodium valproate and levetiracetam. Low serum level of IgM was found after treatment with carbamazepine in monotherapy and in combination with valproate only. Normal serum level of IgG, IgA and IgM was detected after treatment with valproate. Conclusion: This study indicated that carbamazapine in monotherapy and in combination with valproate and levetiracetam decrease serum levels of Immunoglobulin in patients with focal epilepsy. However, humoral immunity was not altered in patients shortly after the first presentation with epileptic seizures and before the start the treatment with AEDs. Professionals who frequently prescribe these drugs should be alert to this alteration. Although in our study, patients with immunoglobulin deficiency were asymptomatic, assessment of serum immunoglobulin levels should be done at starting the administration of AEDs and in serial intervals afterward in epileptic patients. Recurrent seizures are a significant cause of morbidity, we conclude that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a safe therapy and may have beneficial effects in intractable epilepsies. More studies should be carried out to support the efficacy of IVIG in the treatment of intractable epilepsy and to elucidate the pathogenesis and the effects of this therapy, ideal dosage and treatment schedules should be define.

[Yousry Aboelnaga Abdelhamied, Ahmed Mohamed Hazzou, Mona Mokthar Wahideldin and Ihssan Yasin Mohamed Mohamed. Correlation between serum level of Immunoglobulin and antiepileptic drugs in sample of Egyptian Epileptic Patients. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):31-36]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.06.

Keywords: antiepileptic drugs, humoral & cellular immunity, adverse effects, serum immunoglobulin, seizures, Focal epilepsy.

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Relationship between Oestradiol Level and Number and Quality of retrieved Oocyte in Cases of Assisted Reproductive Technology with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist

Prof. Dr. Asmaa Fathelbab Abd Elhaleem; Prof. Dr. Lamiaa Mohamed Yossry; Prof. Dr. Ahmed Abo El-Soror and Asmaa Rayan Ibraheem

Obstetrics and Gyaencology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

asmaa90rayan@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study conducted on 1000 cases at Al-Azhar Islamic center for population and researches, from 2016-2018. IVF indications included, male factor, tubal factor, endometrosis stage I & II, PCO, unexplained infertility. All female had criteria: - Basal FSH < 10 IU - Age: 20-35. - Long of agonist protocol - First ICSI cycle.

Over a period of 2y, 1000 female were recruited with a range of follow up from 4 wks to 12 wks. All 1000 studied female underwent to hormonal profile before ICSI cycle, but percentage of females underwent to different invasive investigations (HSG, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy) Only laparoscopy had a significant impact on the pregnancy rate. As expected there were significant positive correlations between estradiol levels at the time of oocyte pickup and outcomes of ICSI cycle, implicating that the numbers of oocytes retrieved, embryos obtained, and embryos transferred were increased as the estradiol levels increased, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between B-HCG resulted and estradiol levels. There was significant association between the level of estradiol and quality of oocytes retrieved and quality of embryos obtained. Female getting older, having higher BMI, having older & husbands were significantly with lower estradiol with no significant correlations between estradiol level and duration of infertility, age at menarche, FSH, LH, serum prolactin, TSH and baseline estradiol. There was a significant difference in the mean of value of estradiol level among those with negative ovarian factor, PCO, ovarian insufficiency. Although female with PCO had a mean estradiol level higher than those with negative ovarian factor. So, female without unexplained cause of infertility had a significant correlation level of estradiol than those with unexplained cause of infertility. It was found through the study that the cutoff value for estradiol level at time of pick up was chosen around 3430-3460pg. So, generally if the level of estradiol after our procedure becomes more than 3430, it is better to continu8e the procedure as this female is more likely to get pregnant. In addition, the test had a predictive accuracy of 74.4%.

[Asmaa Fathelbab Abd Elhaleem; Lamiaa Mohamed Yossry; Ahmed Abo El-Soror and Asmaa Rayan Ibraheem. Relationship between Oestradiol Level and Number and Quality of retrieved Oocyte in Cases of Assisted Reproductive Technology with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):37-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.07.

Keywords: Relationship between Oestradiol Level and Number and Quality of retrieved Oocyte in Cases of Assisted Reproductive Technology with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist.

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Nissen’s vs Toupet fundoplication in management of GERD

Amr Abdel-Raouf Abd-Elnasser, Abd-Elrahman Mohamed El-Ghandour, Abdallah Mohamed Saad Orabi

General surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Email: Orabi.abdallah100@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), as generally defined, is a common clinical condition that results from the reflux of gastric material through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) into the esophagus or oropharynx, causing symptoms and/or injury to esophageal tissue that are severe enough to disrupt a patient’s life. Aim: To compare post-operative outcome on quality of life, anatomical failure, symptom relieve & recurrence rate between Nissen’s & Toupet fundoplication. Patients and Methods: All patients attempting surgical management of gastoesophageal reflux disease at Ain-shams university hospitals & Nasser institute for medical research and treatment at the period from January 2018 to September 2018: Nissen’s: 10 patients, Toupet: 10 patients. Results: The present study is not without limitations. The sample size was relatively small, was from a two centers and all patients refused the postoperative objective evaluations. Evaluation of postoperative dysphagia, a subjective questionnaire was used to determine whether patients had dysphagia or not during follow-up, Grading of dysphagia was done by applying Likert scale in the postoperative clinical assessment. In addition, the follow-up was relatively short. Larger multicenter trials are necessary to firmly establish the differential effectiveness of these two procedures. Conclusion: Laparoscopic Toupet Fundoplication seems to be as safe and effective as Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication, but showed a lower incidence of postoperative dysphagia, while this study sought to characterize post-operative efficacy of two fundoplication procedures, the optimal anti-reflux strategy for patients with GERD still remains inconclusive given the current literature available. Additional multicenter prospective studies with long-term follow-up data are neededery.

[Amr Abdel-Raouf Abd-Elnasser, Abd-Elrahman Mohamed El-Ghandour, Abdallah Mohamed Saad Orabi. Nissen’s vs Toupet fundoplication in management of GERD. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):47-58]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.08.

Keywords: Nissen, Toupet and GERD.

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Comparative study of impact of isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia on the perioperative hemostatic response during open and laparoscopic surgeries

Mohamed Saeed Abd Elaziz, Ahmed Mohamed Khamis, Heba Foaad Abd Elaziz Toulan, Marco Noshy Younan^.

Anaesthesia, surgical ICU and Pain Management Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Email: nooooshy2009@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: The hemostatic mechanisms have several important functions, which are maintaining blood in a fluid state while it remains circulating within the vascular system, arresting bleeding at the site of injury or blood loss by formation of hemostatic plug and ensuring the eventual removal of the plug when healing is complete. The normal hemostatic response to vascular damage depends on closely linked interaction between the blood vessel wall, circulating platelets and blood coagulation factors Aim: This prospective randomized study was designed to assess quantitatively the changes of coagulation proteins (namely fibrinogen and vWF), anticoagulants (namely Anti-Thrombin, protein C and protein S) and fibrinolysis proteins (namely plasminogen) in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic and open surgery under the effect of sevoflurane versus isoflurane inhalational agents. This might help us to know the best technique (open or laparoscopic surgeries) and the best drug (sevoflurane or isoflurane) with the least effect on hemostatic mechanism. Patients and Methods: Sixty adult patients of either sex scheduled for cholecystectomy were included in this study. They were subdivided into 2 main groups of 30 patients each: Group (I) received isoflurane while group (S) received sevoflurane anesthesia. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups of 15 patients each according to the type of surgery: IO and SO subgroups performed open cholecystectomy while IL and SL subgroups performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results: The results of our study showed that open surgery lead to activation of the clotting system of a higher degree than in the laparoscopic surgery group implying a greater thrombo-embolic risk for patients undergoing open surgery. Subclinical fibrinolysis was also more profound at the open surgery group. Although of a lower degree, hypercoagulability was still observed in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. The cytokine surge was correlated with the hypercoagulability. The correlation between cytokine levels and coagulation activation might be related to the type of surgery performed and the type of anesthesia used. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia was associated with less hypercoagulability and less inflammatory response than open surgery under isoflurane anesthesia. This can be referred to less activation of coagulation and platelets and lower level of inflammatory markers with higher level of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors in the former type of anesthesia and surgery.

[Mohamed Saeed Abd Elaziz, Ahmed Mohamed Khamis, Heba Foaad Abd Elaziz Toulan, Marco Noshy Youna. Comparative study of impact of isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia on the perioperative hemostatic response during open and laparoscopic surgeries. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):59-73]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.09.

Keywords: Isoflurane and sevoflurane on hemostatis

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Screening of barley genotypes on the basis of physiological parameters under salt stress

Iqra Aslam¹, Meh Gul^1*, Iqra Ghafoor², Rabia Yaseen¹, M. Usman Gani³, H. M. Waseem³, Rida Nawaz¹, Aiman Ali¹, Misha Iqbal¹

¹Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Agronomy, MNSUA, Multan, Pakistan.

³Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: mahgulbukhari1@gmail.com

Abstract: Salinity is one of the most severe stress factors threatening the agriculture over the globe. The population is increasing at an alarming rate. Therefore significant interest is present in salt tolerance mechanisms and improved performance of crop plants under soil salinity. Barley is considered as one of the most salt tolerant crops however different levels of tolerance are present among barley cultivars. A hydroponic experiment was carried out in wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the performance of barley cultivars under different levels of salinity. 12 barley genotypes (Haider-93, B-05011, B-15006, Joo-83, B-15003, B-15005, B-9008, B-14003, B-15002, B-9006, B-14011, B-14007) were grown against two salinity levels (100mM and 200mM) along with control. Crop duration was 6 weeks and physiological (membrane stability index and relative water content), chlorophyll contents were determined. The experiment was arranged according to completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement having three replications. It was found that physiology, and chlorophyll contents significantly reduced with increasing salt stress. Among twelve genotypes B-05011, B14003 and B-9006 were found salt tolerant, While B-15006, B-15003 and B-15005 were found most salt sensitive as compared to other barley genotypes. The selected tolerant genotype could be grown as natural in saline soil to get better growth (yield as well as good material for breeding programme.

[Iqra Aslam, Meh Gul, Iqra Ghafoor, Rabia Yaseen, M. Usman Gani, H. M. Waseem, Rida Nawaz, Aiman Ali, Misha Iqba. Screening of barley genotypes on the basis of physiological parameters under salt stress. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):74-79]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.10.

Keywords: salinity, yield, sodium, barley

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Screening the best adopted wheat cultivars resistant against wheat aphids

M. Farhan Ali¹, Fahad Hassan¹, Mohsin Raza², Abdul Jabbar^2*, Jamil Ijaz¹, M. Usman¹, M. Faheem Dastgeer¹, Shafqat Ijaz¹

¹Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Entomology, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: jabarbaloch@gmail.com

Abstract: The planned study was conducted with the objectives to find varietal resistance against aphid (Shizaphis graminum Rond) on wheat. Four wheat cultivars i.e. Galaxy-2013, Punjab-2011, Ujala-2016 and Sehar-2006 were sown under randomized complete block design (RCBD) in last week of November with net plot size (1.2m×8m); at Entomological research Area University of agriculture, Faisalabad. Recommended agronomic practices were carried out during experiment. Aphid population density per plant was recorded on weekly basis. Aphid infestation started during last week of January, reached to its peak in mid-March and vanished up to 2^nd week of April. Maximum aphid population recorded statistically was 81.43 aphids per plant. In four wheat cultivars Galaxy-2013 came out as most resistant with minimum infestation i.e.59.4 aphids per plant and Sehar-2006 most susceptible with 81.4 aphids per plant. Punjab-2011 and Ujala-2016 were moderately resistant. Galaxy-2013 was most productive in grain yield (5.42 t ha^-1) followed by Punjab-2011 (5.17 t ha^-1), Sehar-2006(4.88 t ha^-1) and Ujala-2016(4.55 t ha^-1). Maximum grain yield losses were recorded by Sehar-2006 i.e. 9.3% and Punjab-2011 suffered minimum grain yield losses (4.7%) as compared to control.

[M. Farhan Ali, Fahad Hassan, Mohsin Riaz, Abdul Jabbar, Jamil Ijaz, M. Usman, M. Faheem Dastgeer, Shafqat Ija. Screening the best adopted wheat cultivars resistant against wheat aphids. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):80-91]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.11.

Key words: Screening, wheat cultivars, resistant, aphids

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Effect of Medicinal Plants Moringa olifera, Calotropis porcera, Citrullus colocynthis as Toxicants against Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium).

Abdul Jabbar¹, Akasha Sarfraz², Nasrullah², M. Farhan Ali^2*, Bushra Moon³, Shafqat Ijaz², Nusra Mukhtar³, M. Umair Gulzar²

¹Department of Entomology, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

²Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Zoology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: farhanalisamtiah10@gmail.com

Abstract: Trogoderma granarium is the most harmful insect pest of stored products. The heavy infestation of this insect pest causes very big injure to cereals both qualitatively and quantitatively. This experiment was conducted to evaluate mortality and repellency effect of Moringa olifera, Calotropis porcera, Citrullus colocynthis against Trogoderma granarium on filter papers. Three different concentrations of extracts of each plant viz. 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% were taken after different time periods (2,4,6,8 and 10 days) from stock solution prepared. All concentrations of each botanical showed well effectiveness as repellent against Trogoderma granarium (Moringa olifera; 37.07%, Calotropis porcera; 53.33%, and Citrullus colocynthis; 75.06 %). Among these, the better result of repellency was observed in Citrullus colocynthis. Mortality effect was maximum observed in Citrullus colocynthis at 12.5% concentration after 10 days of interval (89.11%). Other results of Moringa olifera and Calotropis porcera were also significant. These results suggest that the plant extracts evaluated in this study may be useful in repellent and toxicant formulations against Trogoderma granarium.

[Abdul Jabbar, Akasha Sarfraz, Nasrullah, M. Farhan Ali, Bushra Moon, Shafqat Ijaz, Nusra Mukhtar, M. Umair Gulza. Effect of Medicinal Plants Moringa olifera, Calotropis porcera, Citrullus colocynthis as Toxicants against Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium). Nat Sci 2019;17(7):92-97]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.12.

Key words: medicinal plants, repellant, toxicant

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Dopamine versus norepinephrine infusion in management of septic Shock in critically ill patients

Amr E. Abd Elhamid, Assem A. Moharram, Mohammed M. Maarouf and Ahmed M. Nabih

Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

drahmednabih1@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome of life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response to infection. In septic shock, there is a critical reduction in tissue perfusion; acute failure of multiple organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Aim of the Work: is to determine the clinical outcome of dopamine versus norepinephrine infusion in management of shock in critically ill patients. Patients And Methods: this prospective comparative double-blinded study was conducted at intensive care units of Ain shams university and Mansoura University, from January 2018 to June 2018. After obtaining approval of the study protocol from the local ethical committee, as well as fully informed written consents signed by the patients’ closet relatives, 50 patients admitted at ICU with septic shock. Results: Norepinephrine infusion is more preferred than dopamine infusion in patients with septic shock in improving tissue perfusion as regarding MAP, HR, UOP. Dopamine is associated with more arrhythmic events. Conclusion: norepinephrine was more effective and reliable than dopamine in achieving the goal. Moreover, norepinephrine showed no adverse effects on peripheral blood flow or on renal blood flow, as was evidenced by normalization of urine output in patients on norepinephrine infusion.

[Amr E. Abd Elhamid, Assem A. Moharram, Mohammed M. Maarouf, Ahmed M. Nabih. Dopamine versus norepinephrine infusion in management of septic Shock in critically ill patients. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):98-105]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.13.

Key words: Dopamine, norepinephrine infusion, septic shock, critically ill patients

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Assessment of Retinal Capillary Blood Flow, Volume and Velocity Before and After Intravitreal Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Diabetic Macular Edema

Prof. Dr. Elsayed Mostafa Elewah, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ismail M. Kamil and Haitham Mohamed Abdou

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Boys) - Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

haythamabdou@yahoo.com

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), serious eye conditions caused primarily by hyperglycemia, are the major cause of loss of vision and blindness in the working population of developed countries. The pathogenesis of DME has not been fully elucidated since it is caused by complex pathological process with many contributing factors. Dysfunction of the inner and outer retinal barriers leads to accumulation of sub- and intra-retinal fluid in the inner- and outer-plexiform layers. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has generally been accepted as the main factor that disrupts the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB) function, making it an important target for pharmaceutical intervention. Disturbance of retinal capillary blood flow is feature of many ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. A number of non-invasive instruments have been designed to measure retinal hemodynamics. Heidelberg retinal Flowmeter (HRF) is unique in that as is provides a two dimensional quantifiable perfusion map of retinal capillary blood flow rather than a measurement of flow at a single point. HRF has potential as a non-invasive clinical tool that visualize and quantify retinal capillary blood flow. OCT is a non invasive and non contact diagnostic method introduced in 1995 for imaging macular diseases. OCT is valuable diagnostic tool in DME, helpful in both diagnostic and follow up procedures. There are different approaches for the treatment: anti-VEGF, steroids, laser, and vitrectomy which play important roles in the management of DME. In the present study assessment of the retinal capillary blood flow, volume and velocity before and after intrvitreal Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone acetonide injection in diabetic macular edema was done using HRF. The study was done in Sayed Galal hospital and included 75 patients, 25 of them were normal individuals, 25 injected with ranibizumab and 25 injected with triamicinolone acetonide. The retinal capillary blood flow, volume and velocity are measured using HRF before and after injection of ranibizumab and triamicinolone acetonide in diabetic macular oedema. The retinal blood flow is elevated in diabetic patient before injection and was reduced following injection in both groups, with no statistically significant difference. The retinal blood volume is elevated in diabetic patient before and after injection and was reduced following injection in both groups, with no statistically significant difference. The retinal blood velocity is elevated and was reduced following injection in both groups, with no statistically significant difference. Concerning the visual acuity, it improved significantly in both groups following injection with no statistically significant difference between ranibizumab and triamicinolone acetonide. The central retinal thickness improved significantly in both groups following injection as measured by OCT with no statistically significant difference between both groups. However, in our current study there is a statistically significant increase in IOP following triamicinolone acetonide injection (18 eye, 72%) while there is no significant change in IOP following ranibizumab injection. So it is preferred to treat diabetic macular oedema with ranibizumab rather than triamicinolone acetonide.

[Elsayed Mostafa Elewah, Ahmed Ismail M. Kamil and Haitham Mohamed Abdou. Assessment of Retinal Capillary Blood Flow, Volume and Velocity Before and After Intravitreal Ranibizumab or Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Diabetic Macular Edema. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):106-122]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.14.

Keywords: Assessment; Retinal; Capillary; Blood Flow; Volume; Velocity; Intravitreal Ranibizumab; Triamcinolone; Acetonide; Injection; Diabetic; Macular; Edema

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Morphological and Histological Prenatal Studies on Some Structures of the Developing Human Knee Joint Part 2-Prenatal Development of Human medial meniscus of the Knee Joint with emphasis on collagen orientation

Manal G. Abdelwahab¹, Manal Hassan Moussa² and Sohair A. Sadek³

¹Prof. of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls) Al Azhar University. Cairo -Egypt

-Members of Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel (YAJ) Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Applications, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Jeddah -Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

² Prof of Anatomy Anatomy Department Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University. Cairo, Egypt.

³ Prof. of Anatomy, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls) Al Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt.

profdrmanal2018@gmail.com

Abstract: The medial menisci in human knee joint knee have important mechanical function and are liable to injury more than the lateral menisci. histological, histomorphometric and statististical studies were done of the medial menisci of the Prenatal and were compared with adult. Thirty three human fetuses of different sexes and ages (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 months) from (12-13 wks-CRL 8- 9 cm) to eight and full-term: (33-36 weeks) CRL 31-34cm) and five newborn infant (37-38 weeks) CRL 35-36cm) were used in this study, besides five adult male and female knee joints: (21 -24 weeks) CRL 20-23 cm. The medial menisci of 3- months aged fetuses (12-13wks-CRL 8- 9cm)- showed primitive structure as it was formed of loose mesenchymal tissue which had few collagen fibers and was rich in blood capillaries. The tissue became more cellular by the age of 4 months of intrauterine life (13-16 wks-CRL 9-14cm). The medial menisci of 5 months (17 -20weeks) CRL 15-19cm., and 6 months aged fetuses (21 -24 weeks) CRL 20-23cm started to be not uniformed in structure, as two distinct areas could be detected: central (inner) zone adjacent to the intercondylar area of the upper surface of the tibia and peripheral (outer) zone attached to the capsule of the joint and the medial collateral ligaments. The (inner zone had cartilage –like appearance, while the outer zone appeared fibro cartilaginous. As age progressed from 7 months intrauterine life (25-28 weeks) CRL 24-27cm) to full term in both meniscal zones, the cellular component decreased while collagen fibers increased gradually especially in the outer zone. The collagen bundles appeared thick. wavy and branching. In full-term and adults collagen bundles appeared branching and intersecting in a parallel manner while those of the inner zone were circularly arranged. Collagen bundle thickness was measured using the image analyser Lieca Q500MC program. There was gradual increase in the collagen bundle thickness as the age progressed. The increase was significant in adult group as compared to full term fetuses: (33-36 weeks) CRL 31-34cm) (P>0.05). different collagen orientation in the inner and outer zones of the medial menisci might explain why peripheral tears heal with preserving the meniscal function while radial tears might heal but donot preserve the meniscal function.

[Manal G. Abdelwahab, Manal Hassan Moussa and Sohair A. Sadek. Morphological and Histological Prenatal Studies on Some Structures of the Developing Human Knee Joint Part 2-Prenatal Development of Human medial meniscus of the Knee Joint with emphasis on collagen orientation. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):123-132]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.15.

Key words: human Knee joint, development, medial meniscus, embryo histogenesis

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Screening of barley (Hordeum Vulgare L) genotypes against salt stress under hydroponic conditions

M. Hamza Ishaq Rao^1*, Sharafat Ali², M. Ali Tahir¹, Rida Zianab³, Asad Ali², Rida Hayat³, Hamza Javed², Khawar Majeed³

¹Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: hamzarao1112@gmail.com

Abstract: A solution culture-based study was conducted in the wire house to observe the behavior of varieties of Hordeum Vulgare L. against various salt stress concentrations. For this study twelve varieties were selected. Three Salinity levels (0mM, 100mM and 200mM) were used. NaCl was used for imposing salt stress. Crop duration was 42 days. In this study the data on followed parameters like, root length, shoot length and membrane stability index were recorded. The data on Na⁺ and K⁺ were identified by ion extraction method and then run samples on flame photometer. The study was organized and analyzed by CDR technique having 3 replications. By using standard procedures, the collected information of study was statistically organized. Among twelve genotypes B-05011, B14003 and B-9006 were salt tolerant, While B-15006, B-15003 and B-15005 were most salt sensitive as compared to other barley genotypes.

[M. Hamza Ishaq Rao, Sharafat Ali, M. Ali Tahir, Rida Zianab, Asad Ali, Rida Hayat, Hamza Javed, Khawar Majee. Screening of barley (Hordeum Vulgare L) genotypes against salt stress under hydroponic conditions. Nat Sci 2019;17(7):133-141]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj170719.16.

Key words: salinity; barley; screening; Hordeum Vulgare L

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