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Effect of vitamin C supplementations on hyperuricemic patients

Rana Fathy Haddad 1, Mohamed Gamal EL-Din Zaki 2, Heba Fawzy El- Shishtawy2, Rana Ahmed El-Hilaly 2.

1Deptartment of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, National Institute of Locomotor System, Cairo, Egypt
2 Department Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
ranafathyh@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Hyperuricemiais a common metabolic disorder and it is a well-established causative factor for development of gouty arthritis, tophi formation, uric acid kidney stones and acute kidney failure and Supplementation with vitamin C has attracted a great deal of attention as an alternative dietary anti-hyperuricemic approach. Objective: to determine the effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum uric acid concentrations. Methods: The study was a prospective double-blinded Placebo-controlled randomized trial conducted in the Physical medicine, Rehabilitation and Rheumatology outpatient clinic and Internal Medicine outpatient clinic Ain shams University hospital. Study included 40 asymptomatic hyperuricemic patients, randomized to take allopurinol (100mg/day) and either placebo or vitamin C supplements (500mg/day) for 2 months. Results: At the end of the study period, serum uricacid levels were significantly reduced in the vitamin C group (mean change 2.1 ± 0.4 mg/dl), and in the placebo group (mean change 1.34 ± 0.3 mg/dl) with mean drop difference about 0.7mg/dl which was highly significant (p <0.001) with percent drop in SUA in group one of about 50% more than group two. Conclusion: Supplementation with 500 mg/day of vitamin C for 2 months reduces serum uric acid, suggesting that vitamin C might be beneficial in the prevention of gout and other urate-related diseases.
[Rana Fathy Haddad, Mohamed Gamal EL-Din Zaki, Heba Fawzy El- Shishtawy, Rana Ahmed El-Hilaly. Effect of vitamin C supplementations on hyperuricemic patients. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):1-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. 10.7537/marsnsj161218.01

Key words: hyperuricemia; vitamin C

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Dual Trigger for final Follicular Maturation in Normal Responders Undergoing ICSI Cycles: Randomized Controlled Trial

Prof. Dr. Abou Bakr Mohamed EL-Nashar¹, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Yousef Rezk¹, DR. Ahmed Waleed Anwar Morad¹, Dr. Ehab El –Sayed Barakat¹ and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Sheta²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine- Benha University, Egypt

²Obstetrician and Gynecologist, Aga General Hospital, Egypt

dr.mohamedsheta77@gmail.com

Abstract: Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) has been successfully used for decades as a surrogate for the natural LH surge for oocyte maturation during IVF cycles. However, due to its prolonged circulatory half-life, a sustained luteotropic activity induced by HCG facilitates the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), the most frequent and life-threatening complication of ovarian stimulation.

[Abou Bakr Mohamed EL-Nashar, Ahmed Yousef Rezk, Ahmed Waleed Anwar Morad, Ehab El –Sayed Barakat and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Sheta. Dual Trigger for final Follicular Maturation in Normal Responders Undergoing ICSI Cycles: Randomized Controlled Trial. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):10-12]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.02.

Keywords: Dual Trigger; Follicular Maturation; Normal Responder; Randomized Controlled Trial

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Dietary Habits and Serum Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Children

Mohamed Mohamed El Mazahi MD., Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdel-Aal, MD., Tarek Moustafa Emran, MD., Hadil Mohamed Aboelenin, MD and Inas Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed

Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azahar University, New Damietta, Egypt.

Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, El-Mansoura University, Egypt. Clinical pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azahar University, New Damietta, Egypt.

Inasmohamedibrahim2004@gmail.com

Abstract: Background Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the correlation between the dietary Habits and Serum Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Children. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 92 Egyptian children at the pediatric endocrine and obesity outpatient clinic in Mansoura University, Children Hospital and the pediatric department of Damietta Al-Azhar University Hospital in the period from April 2017 to April 2018, they were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The mean age of studied cases was 10.35 years; the age of onset of obesity ranged from birth to 13 years. The majorities of studied cases were females, had positive family history of obesity and had negative consanguinity. Regarding the anthropometric measures of studied cases, we found that the weight percentiles ranged from 59th to > 99th, while height percentile ranged from 10th to 95th; the frequency of obese children were (67.4%) higher than overweight children (32.6%). Most of the studied children were exclusively breast fed, do not eat fast foods, and the most of their food were rice and potatoes consume rice 5-6 times/week, macaroni less than once/week and potatoes 5-6 times/week. As regard proteins, most of the studied children consume meat less than once weekly, fishes and chicken 2-4 times weekly. The majorities of children consume vegetables less than once/week, eat sweets and candies more than twice daily and consume sugary juices once to twice daily. On the other hand, most of them consume milk and dairy products and raw fruits and vegetables 5-6 times/week and drink carbonated soft sodas occasionally. The majorities of them had inadequate breakfast, eating while watching TV or playing computer games. In addition, most of them do not practice routine sports. Most of them had cholesterol, HDL and LDL values within the normal range. On the other hand, about 59% of children had abnormal values of triglycerides. Conclusion: The age of onset of obesity ranged from birth to 13 years with a mean (5.48) years. The overweight children were older than obese children, with statistical significant difference. The prevalence of obesity in our study was higher in females (56.5%) more than males (43.5%). The obese children have more frequent consumption of carbonated soft drinks, sweets and candies and sugary juices, than overweight children with statistical significant difference. There was a close association between inadequate breakfast, eating while watching TV, eating while playing computer games, lack of practicing of routine sports and the risks of developing overweight or obesity. Most of the studied children had cholesterol, HDL and LDL values within the normal range. About 59% of children had abnormal values of triglycerides. High cholesterol values were associated with high consumption of soft drinks and lesser eating of sweets and candies with statistical significant difference. Also High LDL values were associated with excess consumption of soft drinks, moderate sugary juice consumption. Low HDL values were associated with short duration of obesity, higher BMI percentiles, and high consumption of fast foods, infrequent eating of macaroni and frequent eating of potatoes, with statistical significant difference.

[Mohamed Mohamed El Mazahi, Mohamed, Ibrahim Abdel-Aal, Tarek Moustafa Emran, Hadil Mohamed Aboelenin and Inas Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed. Dietary Habits and Serum Lipid Profile in Overweight and Obese Children. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):13-18]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.03.

Keywords: children, obesity, overweight, dietary habits, serum lipids and triglycerides.

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effects of Increase Depth of Anesthesia by Isoflurane on Left Ventricular Relaxation Indices in Patients with Diastolic Dysfunction in Open Heart Surgeries

Mostafa M Elhamamsy¹, Samar S Ali², Ahmed N Khallaf³, Hany M Moussa¹, Atef E Elsobeiey¹

Anesthesiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

Anesthesia Department, National Heart Institute (NHI), Egypt

Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

atefelsebaie@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Effect of inhalational anesthetics on diastolic function in humans is still controversial, although inhalational anesthetics have been shown to have negative lusitropic action in experimental studies, which were explained by interference of inhalational anesthetics with calcium homeostasis. Aim: This prospective observational study aims to discover the effect of increasing depth of anesthesia by isoflurane on LV relaxation indices in patients with preexisting grade one diastolic dysfunction undergoing open heart surgery. Patients and methods: After approval of the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent, 54 patients scheduled for elective on pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in the study. Patients were selected by preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) diagnosis of grade one diastolic dysfunction. Anesthetic induction was standardized in both groups. All echocardiography measurements for statistical analysis were performed one hour before going to surgery as a baseline reading by TTE, after 20 minutes of keeping BIS value 60-65 by isoflurane and after 20 minutes of keeping BIS value 40-45 by isoflurane. After completion of the last TEE examination at BIS 40-45, the operation was started as the currently followed. Results Both levels of anesthesia by isoflurane reduced the MAP but this decrease was not statistically significant. It was clear that the deeper plane of anesthesia by isoflurane had shifted the impaired LV relaxation to a more normal filling pattern. This was clearly seen from the improvement in E, E/A, Em, and Em/Am ratio with statistically significant decrease in deceleration time and IVRT.

[Mostafa M Elhamamsy, Samar S Ali, Ahmed N Khallaf, Hany M Moussa, Atef E Elsobeiey. Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Effects of Increase Depth of Anesthesia by Isoflurane on Left Ventricular Relaxation Indices in Patients with Diastolic Dysfunction in Open Heart Surgeries. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):19-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.04.

Keywords: Isoflurane, diastolic dysfunction, echocardiography, tissue Doppler

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Evaluation of using Total serum protein and prolactin as a marker in the diagnosis of uterine fibroid

Ashraf Elshahat Elsayed Ahmed

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

ashraf.2380@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the use of total serum protein and prolactin as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of uterine fibroid. Material and Methods: A case-control study was carried out from May 2016 to November 2016 at El-Hussein University Hospital. 60 women with uterine fibroid (s) and 60 healthy normal women were recruited from the gynecological outpatient clinic and involved in the study. Blood was collected from uterine fibroid patients before and after surgery. The serum total protein was measured by the Biuret method, and prolactin by means of ELISA test. Results: There were statistically highly significant differences between the studied groups as regards serum prolactin and total protein before surgery; the serum of patients with uterine fibroids before surgery showed an elevated prolactin level (71.8±51.88), compared with their prolactin after surgery (19.69±9.54 ng/ml), and with the control group (9.3±5.58 ng/ml). Serum total protein was relatively low in the patient group before surgery (5.08±2.68 g/dl) and returned to a healthy reference level after they underwent surgery (6.98±1.15 g/dl), which is similar to the control group level (6.86±0.88 g/dl). Conclusion: The significant elevation of serum PRL in patients with fibroids and its reduction after surgery points towards the possible use of serum PRL assay in such patients as diagnostic and follow up test. Also, serum total protein can be used as an adjuvant biochemical marker to confirm the diagnosis of uterine fibroids.

[Ashraf Elshahat Elsayed Ahmed. Evaluation of using Total serum protein and prolactin as a marker in the diagnosis of uterine fibroid. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):25-30]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.05.

Keywords: total serum protein, serum prolactin, and uterine fibroid.

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Morbidity and Mortality of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy in Ain Shams Maternity Hospital

Noha Hamed Rabie, Ahmed Awad Allah and Fatma Yusuf Mohammed

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Ain-shams Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Abbasiya square, Cairo, Egypt

fatmayusufamer85@gmail.com.

Abstract: Purpose: To identify the risk factors and to study the incidence, indications management and complications of peripartum hysterectomy in Ain Shams maternity hospital over the past 5 years. Methods: A retrospective case series thorough examination of the entire inpatient files of all women who had EPH over past 5 years January 2011- Jun 2016 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain shams university maternity tertiary hospital. Results: The incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy per 1000 delivery from January 2011 to Jun 2016 was (3), it was higher in year 2015 (4.94/1000 delivery) followed by year (3.65/1000 delivery). Most common indication was atonic PPH; it was in 67 cases (31.3%). Second common indication Placenta previa 52 cases (24.3%) Intraoperative complications noted in 43 cases (20%). Bladder injury was the most intraoperative complications 31 cases (14.5%). Most common postoperative complication was wound sepsis 25 cases (11.6%) followed by UTI 17 cases (7.9%). Maternal mortality found to be 12 cases and 191 were admitted to ICU. Conclusion： Frequency of emergency peripartum hysterectomy, maternal mortality, maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality were high in this study. The risk of peripartum hysterectomy seems to be significantly decreased by limiting the number of cesarean section deliveries. Improving the quality of health care, good antenatal care, identification and active management of high risk cases and timely interference prompt and early referral to tertiary centre, availability of blood and blood products, specialized intervention of dialysis in multi-disciplinary approach reduces the obstetric catastrophies leading from emergency peripartum hysterectomy.

[Noha Hamed Rabie, Ahmed Awad Allah and Fatma Yusuf Mohammed. Morbidity and Mortality of Emergency Peripartum Hysterectomy in Ain Shams Maternity Hospital. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):31-35]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.06.

Keywords: Emergency peripartum hysterectomy, Postpartum hemorrhage, Uterine atony, Abnormal placentation, Uterine rupture, Previous cesarean section.

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The Role of Diffusion Weighted MRI Study and Its Quantitative Parameter, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value, In the Differentiation of Complex Adnexal Masses

Mohammed Abd El-Latif Mahmoud, Ashraf Talaat Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Magdy, Mostafa Adel Mahmmoud

Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt

most_am87@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose was to get judgment for the utilized MRI tools and find out whether diffusion weighted imaging is a necessity or luxury in case we need to asses an adnexal mass. This study was conducted in Fayoum university hospital radiology department & some cases from National cancer institute. Thirty patients with detected complex cystic or solid adnexal masses on preliminary pelvic US examination after ethical consideration at the period from 4-2017 to 10-2017 including patients from Surgery & gynecology outpatient -clinic, after approval of research and ethical committee. Conclusion: The solo performance of DWI is not an applicable way to discriminate benign from malignant adnexal masses due to its low specificity. According to us, DWI has sensitivity of (87.5%), but didn’t improve the specificity (66.6%) or the accuracy (75%), while post –contrast MRI improved the specificity (100%) and the overall accuracy (95%). DWI can help and increase confidence of MRI in assessment or exclude potential malignancy in complex adnexal masses; provided i) inclusion of the conventional MRI data, ii) combined analysis of DWI quantitative and qualitative criteria and iii) awareness of the possible sequence pitfalls. So, in our study we recommend to do DWI as adjuvant and complementary sequence in post-contrast MRI study for these complex ovarian masses to increase the confidence level of diagnosis.

[Mohammed Abd El-Latif Mahmoud, Ashraf Talaat Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed Magdy, Mostafa Adel Mahmmoud. The Role of Diffusion Weighted MRI Study and Its Quantitative Parameter, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value, In the Differentiation of Complex Adnexal Masses. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):36-40]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.07.

Key words: Complex adnexal masses, conventional MRI, diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging, ADC apparent diffusion coefficient.

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Echo Findings in Neonates with Respiratory Distress

Salah Abd Rabbu El Sayed Al Shora1, Hussein Metwally Abdel-Maksoud 1, Mohamed Adel Atia 2 and Mohammed Atia Atia Seyam1

1Pediatric Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
2Cardiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.

Abstract: Background and objectives:-. Respiratory distress is the most frequent cause of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and the individual management strategies should be the main task in NICUs for these infants. Common causes of RD include transient tachypnea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, sepsis, pneumothorax, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Congenital heart defect, airway malformations, and inborn errors of metabolism are less common etiologies. So, we do this work to determine and diagnose cardiac causes of respiratory distress in neonates. Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study enrolled 100 neonates with respiratory distress, 56 males and 44 females. The study was conducted in Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), AL -Azhar university hospital, New Damietta from October 2016 to January 2018. Results: We found in this study there are 6 cases with cardiac problem from 34 full term neonates with percentage of 17.6% and 14 cases with cardiac problem from 66 preterm neonates with percentage of 21.2% which mean that cardiac problem are more common in preterm neonates. Conclusion: cardiac problems are more common in preterm, male neonates, newborn delivered by cesarean section and associated with maternal risk factors.
[Salah Abd Rabbu El Sayed Al Shora, Hussein Metwally Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed Adel Atia and Mohammed Atia Atia Seyam. Echo Findings in Neonates with Respiratory Distress. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):41-45]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.08.

Key words: echocardiography, neonates, respiratory distress

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A review on heterosis and combining ability analysis of seed yield and oil contents in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Aqsa Tahir¹, Sairah Muzaffar¹, Sidra Tahir¹, Rabia Saif¹, Saira Sattar¹, Ali Imran¹, Muhammad Mubeen Khadim², Tahira Bano¹, Zafar Hussain¹ and Muhammad Mubashar Zafar¹

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Institute of Agriculture Extension and Rural Development, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Corresponding author’s email: zafarhussainpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: Brassica has been an important source of edible oil. The yield enhancement along with good quality oil is main objective of brassica breeders. In any hybridization program, recognition of the best combination of two (or more) parental genotypes to maximize variance within related breeding populations, and as a result the chance of recognizing superior transgressive segregants in the segregating populations, are the most critical challenge to plant breeders. Although considerable progress has been made in crop improvement by plant breeding, it is essential that it continue. Through commonly applied breeding techniques, current breeding programmes continue to evolve. Combining ability could largely contribute in achieving this object. Combining ability as a considerable analysis tool is not only useful for selecting favourable parents but also provides information concerning the nature of and importance of gene effects influencing quantitative traits. Heterosis (or hybrid vigor) is a natural phenomenon whereby hybrid offspring of genetically diverse individuals display improved physical and functional characteristics relative to their parents. Heterosis has been increasingly applied in crop production for nearly a century, with the aim of developing more vigorous, higher yielding and better performing cultivars. Heterosis has been widely exploited and utilized in rapeseed breeding. Reliable and precise prediction techniques of heterosis contributed in accelerating the crossbreeding and reducing the cost of large-scale field evaluation.

[Aqsa Tahir, Sairah Muzaffar, Sidra Tahir, Rabia Saif, Saira Sattar, Ali Imran, Muhammad Mubeen Khadim, Tahira Bano, Zafar Hussain and Muhammad Mubashar Zafar. A review on heterosis and combining ability analysis of seed yield and oil contents in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Nat Sci 2018;16(12):46-55]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.09.

Key words: Brassica, heterosis, combining ability

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Outcome of Letrozole versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in Infertile Women with PCOS Resistant to Clomiphene Citrate

Abdel-Aziz F.A¹, Taha W.S² and Amin A.M³

¹Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

³Resident physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tamia Hospital, Fayoum, Egypt

draminmohammed@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: to compare letrozole versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling, to detect which is an attractive option with its administration, cost, safety, profile and effectiveness in treating clomiphene citrate-resistant Polycystic ovary syndrome. Design: Prospective randomized trial. Setting: El-Hussein University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Patient and methods: 40 women with clomiphene citrate-resistant poly cystic ovary syndrome, women were randomly allocated into either the laparoscopic ovarian drilling group or letrozole group (groups A and B, respectively). No medical leading was made during the decision-making process. Group A (n = 20) underwent laparoscopic ovarian drilling, and group B (n = 20) received 2.5 mg letrozole twice daily from days 3 to 7 of menses for up to six cycles. A 6-month follow-up was performed. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the baseline clinical data (Age, BMI, Infertility (type and duration) and Parity ). There was a statistically significant difference in ovulation rate (65 % in group B vs 30 % in group A, p<0.05) and regular cycle rate (80 % in group B vs 45 % in group A, p<0.05), although it shows no statistically significant difference in Clinical Pregnancy rate (35 % in group B vs 20 % in group A, p= 0.083). Conclusion: the results of the present study indicated that letrozole might be an alternative to laparoscopic ovarian drilling in the treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome, further evaluation with a significant number of patients is recommended.

[Abdel-Aziz F.A, Taha W.S and Amin A.M. Outcome of Letrozole versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in Infertile Women with PCOS Resistant to Clomiphene Citrate. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):56-60]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.10.

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Letrozole, Laparoscopic ovarian drilling

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Evaluation of the impact of BMI and P₄/E₂ ratio at the day of HCG on ICSI outcome

Prof. Ibrahim Mahrous Kandil¹, Prof. Fatma Mohamed Sobhi El sokkary¹, Prof. Ayman Mohamed Nassar¹, Prof. Mervat Mahmoud Mohamed² and Misaa Farag Mahmoud¹

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls - Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Biochemistry - International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

maysa_farag@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: to evaluate the impact of BMI and progesterone/estradiol (P₄/E₂) ratio at the day of HCG triggering on ICSI. Method: Prospective observational study conducted at the Assisted Reproductive Unit, International Islamic Center for population studies and research during the period from November 2016 to August 2017. A total of 200 infertile women were recruited and subjected to ICSI using the standard long GnRH-agonist protocol. P₄/E₂ ratio was correlated to the pregnancy rate in all the included patients then they were classified into two groups according to their BMI Group I: included 100 infertile women with BMI 25≤30 kg/m2. Group II: included100 infertile women with BMI 30≤35 kg/m2. Different outcome parameters were compared between the two groups including peak estradiol and progesterone levels on day of HCG, P₄/E₂ ratio, in addition to the number of retrieved oocytes, their maturity, fertilization rate, number of grade A embryos and the pregnancy rate. Results: Females having low progesterone/ estradiol ratio (≤0.38) were able to achieve a higher chemical pregnancy rate. These females also had significantly high number of oocytes retrieved and number of grade A embryos. Conclusion: P₄/E₂ ratio <0.38 may be a good prognostic factor for chemical pregnancy rate in ICSI cycles, however BMI cannot be regarded as a predictive factor for chemical pregnancy and this was applied for overweight and obese patients.

[Prof. Ibrahim Mahrous Kandil, Prof. Fatma Mohamed Sobhi El sokkary, Prof. Ayman Mohamed Nassar, Prof. Mervat Mahmoud Mohamed and Misaa Farag Mahmoud. Evaluation of the impact of BMI and P₄/E₂ ratio at the day of HCG on ICSI outcome. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):61-66]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.11.

Key Words: P₄/E2 ratio, ICSI, BMI

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Assessment of Balance in Elderly with Risk of Fall

Prof. Dr. Naema Mohamed Ismail¹, Prof. Dr. Gehan Abdel Rahman El-Zarea², Dr. Amal Mahmoud Ewida¹ and Nagwan Ahmed Helmy¹

¹Audiology Unit E.N.T. Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Audiology Unit E.N.T. Department, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Nomojan.nh@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Falls belong to the most common events threatening the independence of older people and are considered one of the “Geriatric Giants”. It occur around 30–40% of community-dwelling adults older than 65 years worldwide each year. Approximately 1 in 10 falls results in a serious injury, such as hip fracture, other fracture, and subdural hematoma, other serious soft tissue injury, or head injury. Falls account for approximately 10 percent of visits to the emergency department. Numerous risk factors for falls are found in elderly, such as dialysis, polypharmacy, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, functional decline and cognitive impairment. Posturography test may provide good prediction of all the different classes of falls. There is increase in elderly population all over the world and there is trend towards improving quality of health care services for them. So the medical assessment of fall risks and provision of appropriate intervention are challenging. Aims: This study was undertaken to identify specific risk factors that place elderly individuals at increased risk of falling, to predict values of posturography in estimating the risk and cause of falls in elderly and to detect percentage of peripheral or central vestibular disorders in elderly with repeated falls. Material & Methods: during the period from January 2016 to February2018. 60 subjects as a study group. It was a systematic sample, all done tympanogram, PTA, office tests, FGA, VNG & CDP. Results: The peripheral vestibular lesions was (68.33%), episodic vestibular syndrome (EVS) was the commonest with (75%) Conclusion: No single symptom can predict specifically the underlying causes of falling in elderly and determining the cause remains a challenging problem. Intensive early proper multi-disciplinary management (diagnosis and treatment) remains the primary approach to reduce the risk of fall. Vestibular, postural control & gait dysfunction are common in elderly.

[Naema Mohamed Ismail, Gehan Abdel Rahman El-Zarea, Amal Mahmoud Ewida and Nagwan Ahmed Helmy. Assessment of Balance in Elderly with Risk of Fall. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):67-76]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.12.

Keywords: Balance, Elderly, Risk of fall, Assessment

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Comparative Study between Three Different Thromboprophylactic Treatments in the Management of Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage

Farid Ibrahim Hassan, Emad Marouf Abd El Latif, Ahmed Abdou Ellawah, Mofeed Fawzy Mohamed and Alaa Elsayed Saleh

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

alaa.elsayed2050@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: Recurrent miscarriage is a major women’s health problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose aspirin (LDA) alone, unfractionated heparin alone or a combination of both anticoagulant agents as a preventive measure in women with a history of at least two unexplained miscarriages with or without antiphospholipid syndrome. Methods: This randomized trial included 75 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 42 years, who hada history of at least two recurrent miscarriages. Patients were recruited by the closed-envelope method from the outpatient clinics of El-Hussein University Hospital during December 2015 - august 2017. Results: Compared with the group who received LDA or unfractionated heparin alone, the combination group had a significantly greater number of live births than Groups I and II [ (23/25(92%) versus 16/25(64%) and 20/25(80%); p =0.003)], and had a significantly lower number of miscarriages (9 miscarriage in Groups I (36%), 5 miscarriages in Group II (20%), 2 miscarriages in Group III (20%); [p =0.001]. The mean gestational age at delivery in Group III [37.97 ± 1.9 versus 36.01± 1.7 and 36.23±2.42 weeks] in Groups I and II respectively; [p = 0.004]. The mean birth weight in Group III was 3687± 503 versus 2818±379 and 3281± 363g in Groups I and II; [p = 0.025]. Six babies were admitted to the neonatal unit (3 (12%) in Group I, 2 (8%) in Group II and 1(4%) in Group III). There were no intrauterine or neonatal deaths in the study. Conclusion: The use of anticoagulants (calheparin) and/or aspirin (aspocid) could potentially improve the pregnancy outcome and increase live-birth rate, the combination of calheparin and aspirin is superior to aspirin alone orcalheparin alone in achieving more live births in patients with/without thrombophilia.

[Farid Ibrahim Hassan, Emad Marouf Abd El Latif, Ahmed Abdou Ellawah, Mofeed Fawzy Mohamed and Alaa Elsayed Saleh. Comparative Study between Three Different Thromboprophylactic Treatments in the Management of Patients with Recurrent Miscarriage. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):77-82]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.13.

Keywords: aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin, recurrent miscarriage, thrombophilia

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Role of measurement of plasma proteins in diagnosis of weaning induced pulmonary oedema, a randomized blind study

Mohammed Sidky, Khalid Mostafa, Noura Youssri and Khalid Elbohy

Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

khaledstudy@gmail.com

Abstract: Background and Purpose: to study the relationship between weaning induced pulmonary oedema and the change in plasma proteins concentration so it can be used as non-invasive diagnostic tool of weaning induced pulmonary oedema. Aim of Work: to confirm the relationship between the changes in plasma protein concentration during a weaning trial and the diagnosis of weaning-induced pulmonary oedema. Methods: patients will be admitted in intensive care department of Ain shams University, from April 2017 to May 2018 after approval of ethical committee, with diagnosis of weaning induced pulmonary oedema will be subjected to full clinical assessment with history and examination and APACHE3 score at time of admission, echocardiographic criteria were used to diagnose weaning induced pulmonary oedema, data were collected and analyzed by SPSS program, using T-test, chi square and ANOVA. Results: increase of plasma protein level can be used as diagnostic tool for weaning induced pulmonary oedema. Conclusion: Haemoconcentration occurring during weaning induced pulmonary oedema lead to increase in plasma protein level which can be considered in diagnosis of weaning induced pulmonary oedema as an alternative to other invasive methods.

[Mohammed Sidky, Khalid Mostafa, Noura Youssri and Khalid Elbohy. Role of measurement of plasma proteins in diagnosis of weaning induced pulmonary oedema, a randomized blind study. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):83-90]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.14.

Keywords: Role; measurement; plasma; protein; diagnosis; weaning; pulmonary oedema; blind study

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Effect of Long-Term Oral Warfarin (Marevan) on the Long Bone of Adult Male Albino Rat

Mohamad Al Hady Elewa Zahran M.D, Mustafa El-Sayed Al-Jizawy M.D, Abdelrazek Abdel Hady Meselhy M.D and Ahmed Ismael Kandeel MSc

Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

ahmed_kandeel2013@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Warfarin is a widely worldwide used oral anticoagulant for various purposes either therapeutic or prophylactic which antagonize vitamin K and alter carboxylation of various bone proteins. Long term use of warfarin is an essential step in patients’ treatment course ranging from months to years even for life in some congenital coagulation defects like protein c and s deficiencies. Aim of the Work: To study the histopathological changes that occur during long term administration of oral warfarin therapy on the long bone (femur) of adult male albino rat. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were studied. After two weeks of acclimatization, The animals were randomized into a control group and three treatment groups. The first group (A) was a control group. The second group (B) was treated with daily Oral warfarin (0.20 mg/kg). The third group (C) was treated with daily Oral warfarin (0.25 mg/kg). The fourth group (D) was treated with daily Oral warfarin (0.30 mg/kg). Three rats from each group sacrificed on days 1, 15 and four rats on day 30. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were obtained and examined for pathological changes under light microscope. Bonehisto-morphometry was performed on a region of 1 mm below the epiphyseal growth plate, which included the entire metaphysis, was subjected to light microscopy then using Image J software analysis computer program providing following six parameters; Thickness of both cortical and woven bone. Percent of total bone from total area. Thickness of osteoid surface. Osteoblast as well as osteoclast cell number per bone surface %. These parameters’ results compared among the different experimental groups in relation to dose and duration of treatment then represented with stacked columns charts. Results: The results of the present work showed that long term use of warfarin specially with higher doses and longer durations causes pathological osteoporotic changes in femur bones which should raise concern regarding its long-term human use. Conclusion: From the present study it could be concluded that warfarin has considerable bony osteoporotic changes proportional to dose and duration of treatment so physicians should schedule a screening and prophylactic measures to prevent osteoporotic changes specially in old ages to lower the incidence of sudden pathological (osteoporotic) fractures.

[Mohamad Al Hady Elewa Zahran, Mustafa El-Sayed Al-Jizawy, Abdelrazek Abdel Hady Meselhy and Ahmed Ismael Kandeel. Effect of Long-Term Oral Warfarin (Marevan) on the Long Bone of Adult Male Albino Rat. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):91-95]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.15.

Key Words: Osteoporosis, Oral anticoagulant, Warfarin, long bones, proximal femur

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Immunological Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Vitiligo

Wafaa Afify Mahmoud¹, Naglaa Abdallah Ahmed¹, Naglaa Samir Ahmed², Mervat Ahmed Swelam¹ and Noha Ahmed Mahmoud¹

Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

neho.noha@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are prime candidates to connect stress to the skin. HSPs were found to be implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other skin disorders as psoriasis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Hsp70 in vitiliginous and normal skin by immunohistochemistry to declare its role in the pathogenesis and activity of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: This study included 30 patients with vitiligo, 30 age and gender matched healthy controls. Skin biopsies were taken from the controls, lesional and perilesional skin of all cases. Two sections from each block of lesional biopsies were taken. One was stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine histopathologic examination. The other section was stained immuno- histochemically for HSP-70 .One section from each block of perilesional and normal biopsies was stained immuno- histochemically for HSP-70. Results: Intense and diffuse expression of Hsp70 was in favor of lesional vitiligo skin compared to nonlesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients (P < 0.001) and compared to skin biopsies from healthy controls (P < 0.001). The intensity of HSP70 expression is significantly high in the more active form of the disease. The nuclear form of Hsp70 was only seen in vitiligo cases. Conclusions: HSP-70 play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and may enhance the immune response in active disease. Nuclear localization of HSP 70 may be important, beside it may be related to progression of the disease.

[Wafaa Afify Mahmoud, Naglaa Abdallah Ahmed, Naglaa Samir Ahmed, Mervat Ahmed Swelam and Noha Ahmed Mahmoud  Immunological  Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Vitiligo. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):96-100]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.16.

Keywords: Vitiligo, Hsp70, Immunohistochemistry.

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Chromosomal Study of two Cyprinid fishes of the genus Barbus; Barbus callipterus Boulenger 1907 and Barbus parablabes Daget 1957

Popoola Michael Olaoluwa, Irewole Ezekiel Ariyo

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

hestillguides@yahoo.com

Abstract: The chromosomes of two cyprinid fishes of the genus Barbus; B. callipterus and B. parablabes were assessed in this study with a view to providing baseline information about the diploid chromosome number, karyotype and morphology. This study reveals that B. callipterus has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 50, fundamental number of autosomal arms (NFa) of 66, and karyotype formula: 2n = 4m + 6sm + 6st +34T. On the other hand, B. parablabes has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 50, fundamental number of autosomal arms (NFa) of 50, and karyotype formula: 2n = 2t + 48T. The chromosome number obtained for both species confirms that they belong to the diploid group of African barbs. However, contrary to the general chromosome morphology described for small African barbs, the two species studied are mostly telocentric.

[Popoola MO, Irewole EA. Chromosomal Study of two Cyprinid fishes of the genus Barbus; Barbus callipterus Boulenger 1907 and Barbus parablabes Daget 1957. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):101-107]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.17.

Keywords: Karyotype; Barbus; Taxonomy; Africa, Chromosome

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Evaluation of germplasm of maize at seedling stage under salt stress.

Khuram Rasheed¹, M. Usama Arif¹, Muhammad Arslan Asif¹, Umar Sabtain¹, Umer Mukhtar¹, Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi Khan², Aleena Shahid¹, Hamna Safdar³, Anam Adil³

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

³Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: khuram.rasheed32@gmail.com

Abstract: Maize is the most important cereal crop in Pakistan after wheat and rice. Since salinity is a common stress factor in agricultural areas, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of morphological and physiological traits as selection criteria of maize genotypes under salt stress. The experiment was performed out at seedling stage under CRD with three replications. Three treatments were applied: One was normal and other two were saline. Normal treatment was consisted of 0mM salt concentration and other two salt stress contain 50mM and 100mM NaCl concentration After 21 days of sowing seedling data were recorded on following morphological and physiological seedling traits like fresh shoot length, fresh root length, root density, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight, dry shot weight, fresh root shoot ratio, dry root shoot ratio, leaf temperature, leaf chlorophyll content. At higher levels of salinity maize growth is reduced drastically. Salinity delays seed germination which affects plant performance and health. Seed unable to germinate might deteriorate. Results also indicate that maize seedling’s radical and plumule lengths are also shortened due to salinity, there was decrease in chlorophyll content, fresh root length, fresh shoot length, and fresh shoot weight fresh root weight dry shoot weight dry root weight with increase in salt concentration. Leaf temperature increases with increase in salinity level.

[Khuram Rasheed, M. Usama Arif, Muhammad Arslan Asif, Umar Sabtain, Umer Mukhtar, Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi Khan, Aleena Shahid, Hamna Safdar, Anam Adil. Evaluation of germplasm of maize at seedling stage under salt stress. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):108-121]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.18.

Key words: Maize, salinity, seedling, stress

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Comparative Study of Transvaginal Ultrasound Scoring Systems for Diagnosis of Ovarian Masses

Nahed H.M.¹, Reham S.M.A.¹, Mona Magdy S.M.²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Egypt

² Kafr El Sheikh General Hospital, Egypt

Monamagdy757@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: ovarian masses are considered a group of the most common diseases in gynecology. Ovarian tumors, alone, represent two thirds of these cases. Aim of the work: A comparitive study of as coring system for diagnosis the nature of ovarian masses comparing the sonographic scoring systems proposed by Alcazar et al. (2003) & Assuit et al. (2012) as apredictors of malignancy in ovarian masses & to compare the sonographic findings with the histopathological results which being the gold standard for diagnosis. Patient & method: Cross section study involved 84 casses presenting with ovarian masses examined by 2D transvaginal ultrasonography to detect morphological criteria of the masses, serum CA125 & CEA levels were measured and compare color doppler of ovarian arteries to histopathological finding. Results: Patient with ovarian masses classified into two groups according to histopathological examination of the speimen excised into benign (86.9%) & malignant (13.1%) groups. TVS of malignant ovarian masses. were solid or partially solid, central blood flow, papillary projection <3cm, multiocular thick septum HS (P>0.000) results. RI and PI of the ovarian arteries were highly significantly lower in malignant than benign groups. CEA and CA125 levels were highly significantly higher in malignant group. Comparing our results with Assuit scoring system and Alcazar scoring system for detection of malignant ovarian tumor. Conclusion: These scoring systems had the highest sensitivity, positive predictive value and highest diagnostic accuracy in comparison to Ca-125 and CEA. Alcazar morphological scoring system had Sensitivity =100%, Specificity =97.3%, PPV=84.6%, NPV=100% and Assuite scoring system had Sensitivity =100%, Specificity=98.6%, positive predictive value in diagnosis malignant ovarian tumer PPV= 84.6%, negative predictive value NPV=100% accuracy in comparison to Ca-125, CEA, Doppler and ultrasound parameters alone.

[Nahed H.M., Reham S.M.A., Mona Magdy S.M. Comparative Study of Transvaginal Ultrasound Scoring Systems for Diagnosis of Ovarian Masses. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):122-126]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.19.

Keywords: Alcazar scoring system, Adnexal masses, Ultrasonography, Pulsed wave Doppler, CA 125, Assiut scoring model, Doppler, CA125

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Achilles Tendon Lengthening in Treatment of Equinous Foot Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Mohamed Salah Abd-Elhafeez, Mohamed Abd Elmonem Negm and Emad Mohamed Nagy Mohamed

Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

E-mail: emadnagy779@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neuromusculoskeletal disorder caused by a static encephalopathy and characterized by progressive musculoskeletal pathology in the majority of patients. The most common deformity is ankle equinus, with equinovarus and equinovalgus deformities being equally common. A foot deformity can have significant effects on the patient's overall ambulatory level. Aim of the Work: To assess equinous foot deformity in cerebral palsy patients and its management by Achiles tendon lengthening. Materials and Methods: A follow-up study was made on 14 children (20 feet) with spastic forms of cerebral palsy in whom 20 Achilles tenoplasties had been performed on an average of 1 year earlier for equinus deformity of the foot. Spastic diplegia was present in 12 cases and 8 had spastic hemiplegia. The age at operation was between 3-11 years. Mean observation time was 9 months, range 6-12 months. Results: Results were evaluated according to Pattern of Gait gained after surgery, Parents' satisfaction, Presence or absence of complications and ability to voluntarily dorsiflex the foot between (0-10) degrees. Conclusion: Equinous deformity of the foot is one of the most common problems encountered in cerebral palsy. Equinous is defined as the inability to dorsiflex the foot above plantigrade, with the hindfoot in neutral and the knee extended. Equinous disrupts the gait cycle by decreasing stability in stance phase and causing inadequate clearance in swing phase. Open z-plasty lengthening technique through posteromedial longitudinal incision was used in this study. Further studies are needed with larger number of cases, comparison with other methods of Achilles lengthening and with long term follow up.

[Mohamed Salah Abd-Elhafeez, Mohamed Abd Elmonem Negm and Emad Mohamed Nagy Mohamed. Achilles Tendon Lengthening in Treatment of Equinous Foot Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):127-132]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.20.

Keywords: Achilles Tendon Lengthening - Equinous Foot Deformity - Cerebral Palsy

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Plants as Promising Safe Molluscicides for Control Monacha Cartusiana Snail

Hend Sh. Ghareeb

Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

hendshokry111111@gmail.com

Abstract: Glassy clover snail, Monacha cartusiana is the most destructive invasive snail in Egypt. The cost of synthetic molluscicides and their toxicity to the non target organisms have propelled the research of plant derived molluscicides. Juices from three plants [Citrus limon, (C. limon ) Coriandrum sativum and Mentha spicata] were evaluated individually and as binary mixtures against M. cartusiana. The joint action between the binary mixtures of botanical juices was also investigated. The results indicated that C. limon fruit and C. limon peel juices were the most effective under the laboratory and field conditions. Of the various combinations studied, C. limon fruit + C. limon peel, C. limon fruit + M. spicata and M. spicata + C. limon peel were recorded the highest molluscicidal activity against snails. They were recorded 80% mortality of snails after 3 days of the laboratory experiment. Moreover, the mixture C. limon fruit + C. limon peel cause 100% mortality of snails at the end of experiment. The same botanical mixtures also showed the highest reduction of snail individuals under field conditions. There is a clear potentiation effect of the mixture M. spicata + C. sativum with co-toxicity factor of 53.26% under laboratory conditions. On the other hand, an additive effect was recorded in the combination of C. limon peel with each of C. limon fruit and M. spicata juice with co-toxicity factors of 7.92 and 9.43%, respectively. While, the other tested botanical mixtures showed an antagonistic effect. The findings of this study demonstrate that the binary combinations of the potent molluscicidal botanical juices are more effective than its use individually. They are effective for management of M. cartusiana under laboratory and field conditions.

[Hend Sh. Ghareeb. Plants as Promising Safe Molluscicides for Control Monacha Cartusiana Snail. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):133-141]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.21.

Keywords: Botanical juices, botanical mixtures, Monacha cartusiana snailjoint action.

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The Association between Follicular Fluid Leptin, Insulin Resistance and ICSI Outcome in Women with Unexplained Infertility

Tarek Fathy Tamara¹, Ihab Adel Gomaa¹, Noha Refaat Mohamed² and Heba Mohammed Samy El-Ganzoury¹

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

²Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt

hebaelganzoury@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: In 25% of the infertile cases, etiology of infertility cannot be found. This is unexplained infertility which usually refers to a diagnosis made in couples in whom all the standard investigations such as tests of ovulation, tubal patency and semen analysis are normal and failure of achieving pregnancy after at least 1year of unprotected intercourse. Various studies have been performed to discover the causes of infertility, among them high leptin level has been considered as one of the important and effective factors in several studies. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate if follicular fluid leptin concentrations and insulin resistance are correlated with ICSI success. Methods: This was a prospective study of 34 women with unexplained infertility who underwent ICSI in assisted reproductive technology unit of Ain Shams University Hospital during the period from August 2017 to August 2018. Before beginning any of the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocols, a fasting blood sample was taken measuring Serum glucose and insulin to calculate insulin resistance using HOMA-IR. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation was done using long luteal GnRHa protocol. At the time of oocyte retrieval, bloodless aspirated follicular fluid samples were obtained via puncture of the dominant ovarian follicles (18-22 mm) in diameter. Following oocyte isolation, the human follicular fluid collected, centrifuged and frozen till total leptin determination was performed as a single batch using ELISA kit. Clinical pregnancy was assessed using trans-vaginal US examination at 7 weeks after embryo transfer to detect the presence of fetal sac & embryonic heart pulsations. Results: Pregnant cases had significant lower age, BMI and infertility duration than non- pregnant cases although clinical pregnancy had significant lower follicular fluid leptin and insulin resistance, however there was no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant cases regarding number of oocytes retrieved, good quality embryos, fertilized and metaphase II oocytes, total dose of gonadotrophins used, days of stimulation, follicular number, size, and endometrial thickness at day of ET. Conclusion: This study reported that follicular fluid leptin had significant positive correlations with BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR. This study demonstrated that clinical pregnancy is associated with lower follicular fluid leptin as it has significant moderate diagnostic performance in predicting clinical pregnancy.

[Tarek Fathy Tamara, Ihab Adel Gomaa, Noha Refaat Mohamed and Heba Mohammed Samy El-Ganzoury. The Association between Follicular Fluid Leptin, Insulin Resistance and ICSI Outcome in Women with Unexplained Infertility. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):142-148]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 22. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.22.

Keywords: Follicular Fluid Leptin; Infertility; Insulin Resistance; ICSI Outcome; Unexplained Infertility

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Effect of Sodium Carbonate, Eruca sativa Oil, Lavender Oil and Aloe vera Oil On Hematological Parameters and Spleen in Experimental Induced Breast Cancer of Female Rats Treated with Doxorubicin

Diaa Farrag Ibrahim Ahmed

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

elharamain3@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Natural products obtained from Eruca sativa, Aloe vera and lavender are considered high efficient antioxidants, and they are useful in many diseases specially breast cancer and in patients under chemotherapy. Sodium carbonate is considered alkaline medium alter the acidic medium which consider suitable medium for proliferation of breast cancer. Aim of the work: is to determine effects of the fore mentioned materials on doxorubicin treated and breast cancer induced female rats. Materials and methods: Six groups of animals, five rats in each were used for this experiment and divided into negative control, positive control, sodium carbonate group, Eruca sativa oil group, lavender oil group and Aloe vera oil group. We induced cancer in all rats by MCF7 breast cancer cell line except negative control. Then all groups (Except positive and negative controls) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 2 mg /rat of adryadox (adryamycin chemotherapy) then rats were sacrificed and blood were analyzed. Spleens were fixed in 10% formalin then used to make sections and examined under light microscope. Results: show significant increase in RBCs and Hb as general in antioxidants groups and improve of spleen. Conclusion: it is concluded that Aloe vera, lavender and Eruca sativa is high efficient antioxidants improve total RBCs and Hb and decreases lymphocytes and improve spleen. Recommendation: we recommend with using this antioxidants in breast cancer patients that under chemotherapy.

[Diaa Farrag Ibrahim Ahmed. Effect of Sodium Carbonate, Eruca sativa Oil, Lavender Oil and Aloe vera Oil On Hematological Parameters and Spleen in Experimental Induced Breast Cancer of Female Rats Treated with Doxorubicin. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):149-157]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 23. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.23.

Key words: sodium carbonate- Eruca sativa – lavender – Aloe vera - blood – spleen

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Short Segment Pedicle Screw Instrumentation for Treatment of Type A Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures

Elmenawy M.¹, Farhood H.², El-Shoura S.¹ and Abdel Hady H.¹

¹Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University (Damietta), Egypt

²Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

haytham.R@Yahoo.Com

Abstract: Background: the spinal column is part of the axial skeleton, and part of the posterior wall of the trunk. It is composed of bony vertebrae and intervertebral discs, supported by strong ligaments, and strong musculature. It is formed of 33 vertebrae; 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal. The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction, which is the mechanical transition between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. Objective: to assess the results of short segment pedicle screw, which include placement of screw at fracture level in correction of deformity, maintenance of correction and preventing the failure of the fixation in type a thoracolumbar burst fractures. Method: 20 patients with thoracolumbar burst type a fractures from t12 to l4, who were treated with short segment posterior fixation, in the Department of Orthopaedics at new Dimettia Azahar University Hospital from January 2014 to May 2018. The 20 patients were classified according to the American Spinal Injury Association’s. These patients had a score of 7 points or more according to load sharing classification (LSC) and therefore they were considered for sspf then the follow up period ranged from six to 18 months post-operative with an average of 10 months are occur to assessment of the outcome. Results: the 20 patients its mean age was 29.70 ± 9.21 with range from18 to 50 years, as regard patients sex 14(70%) cases were male versus 6(30%) cases were female, the main mechanism of injury was had fallen from height (60%) then road traffic accidents (40%). The most frequently injured level was lv2 (35%). As regard to pain score and functional capacity was found that eight patients (40%) (score p1), eight patients (40%) (score p2), three patients (15%) (score p3), one patient (5%) (score p4) and no patients (0%) (score p5). In relation to neurological recovery there was no statistically significant difference between pre-operative scores and those of the last follow-up visit. (p = 0.357). In directional to the vertebral body compression percentage (vbcp). There was a significant statistical difference when comparing the pre-operative compression percentages with the post-operative and the follow-up results (p1= 0.001, 0.001*). Conclusion: hyperlordotic reduction and SSPI+IS was a safe and effective method of treating thoracolumbar burst fractures. this technique yields excellent radiological results with a very low rate of failure regardless of whether the fractures score high or low.

[Elmenawy M., Farhood H., El-Shoura S. and Abdel Hady H. Short Segment Pedicle Screw Instrumentation for Treatment of Type A Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):158-161]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 24. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.24.

Keywords: Thoracolumbar Burst Type A Fractures, Short Segment Pedicle Screw

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The Effect of Pregnancy, Management and the Environmental Condition on Blood Metabolites, Leukocytic and Erthrocytic Indices and Clinical Parameters in Butana Camels – Sudan

Hozifa S. Yousif ¹, Shadia A. Omer ², Shamseldein H. Ahmed ², Selma A. Fadlalmola³

^1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of ALbutana, Sudan

^2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sudan, Sudan

^3. Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of ALbutana, Sudan

hozifaedu2@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of the season, management system and physiological status on some blood constituents and Clinical Parameters. This study was done in Tambol, Butana area, Sudan. Sixty healthy one-humped she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) aged between 6 and 9 years were used in the study. The animals were divided into four groups: Group (1) non-pregnant penned she-camels, Group (2) pregnant penned she-camels, Group (3) non-pregnant free grazing she-camels and Group (4) pregnant free grazing she-camels. Blood samples (10ml) were collected from jugular vein, monthly throughout the experimental period. Red blood cells count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed-cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte indices, total and differential leukocytes count, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose were determined using the standard laboratory methods. It was found that, rectal temperature (^oC), respiration rate (breath/min) and pulse rate (beat/min) increased significantly during summer (37.86+0.41, 14.84+1.47, 41.83+3.75), respectively. Group (1) registered higher rectal temperature and respiratory rate, and lower pulse rate compared with the group (2). Group (3) showed higher pulse rate than group (4). RBCs (X 106/mm3) decreased during summer (7.00+0.92) compared to autumn (7.12+0.97) and winter (7.21+1.01). Significantly (p<0.001) lower values of PCV (%) and MCV (fl) were obtained during autumn (27.68+3.43, 39.19+3.94) and no significant differences were observed during summer and winter, while the significantly (p<0.001) higher value of MCHC (g/dl) was recorded during autumn (39.74+4.94) compared to the values recorded during winter (36.15+4.32) and summer (36.29+3.87). Group (2) and group (3) showed significantly (p<0.001) increases in RBCs count and PCV, and decreases in MCV values. The highest value of TWBCs (X 103/mm3) was recorded during autumn (17.72+3.57) while the lowest value was recorded during summer (13.46+2.62). The lowest neutrophils percentage (%) was observed during winter (44.70+4.27) while the highest value was recorded during summer (54.52+5.34). The highest values of lymphocytes percentage (%) was recorded during winter (47.84+4.64) compared to the values obtained during summer (37.84+3.19) and autumn (43.74+3.86). Group (2) registered higher TWBCs and lymphocytes, and lower neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes compared with group (1). Group (3) registered higher TWBCs, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes, and lower neutrophils compared with group (4). Serum total protein (g/dl), albumin (g/dl), and cholesterol (mg/dl) increased during autumn (6.86+0.77, 3.63+0.65, 50.40+7.34), respectively, compare to summer (5.73+0.66, 2.51+0.42, 25.24+4.11) and winter values (5.82+0.6, 2.82+0.36, 25.05+3.68). During summer, triglycerides (mg/dl) (25.72+2.52) concentration decreased but glucose (mg/dl) (107.58+5.87) increased compared to autumn (35.77+3.89, 99.05+4.48) and winter (35.06+3.23, 103.84+5.63). Group (2) registered higher total protein and glucose values than group (1), while group (1) registered higher cholesterol than group (2). Pregnancy significantly reduced serum concentration of albumin, cholesterol and glucose.

[Hozifa S. Yousif, Shadia A. Omer, Shamseldein H. Ahmed, Selma A. Fadlalmola. The Effect of Pregnancy, Management and the Environmental Condition on Blood Metabolites, Leukocytic and Erthrocytic Indices and Clinical Parameters in Butana Camels – Sudan. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):162-173]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 25. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.25.

Keywords: Camel; Season; Management system; Pregnancy; Haematology

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Patients' Perceptions towards Nonverbal Interaction (Touch & Eye contact) in Clinical Encounter in Al-Eskan Primary Health Care Center Makkah Al-Mokarramah 2015

Dr. Jamil Anees Serdar¹, Dr. Sadeq Anees Serdar² and Dr. Bakr Bakr Kalo³

¹Family Medicine Resident (R3). KSA

²Senior Public Health Specialist Head Of Early Detection Section, KSA

³Consultant Family and Community Medicine, Head Of PHC Training Administration, KSA

Abstract. Nonverbal behaviours have a significant impact on patients during consultations. Aim of this study was to find out the perception of the patients regarding nonverbal communication during consultations with physicians, in primary health care center. Methods. A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was carried out at Al-Eskan primary health care center, Makkah. During the months of Jun to July 2015. All patients (>18 years of age). Results the present study findings 215 patients were enrolled. About 55.8% were men and 44.2 % were women with the age period were ranging between 18-68y. The mean and standard deviation was 63.786 and 12.611 respectively and 45.6% had bachelor degree. Among females 65.26% wanted supportive touch from doctors, as type of treatment (57%) or to show respect (10%) or as comfort (9%) or as respect (10%). 51.6 % of the respondents believe that establishing eye contact with the patient shows that they are much more important to the doctor. The eye contact should be brief but regular (45.6%) and frequent blinking (47.9%) makes them uncomfortable. Conclusion. Nonverbal communication helps to strengthen the doctor-patient relation as patients do appreciate positive touch and eye contact from their physicians.

[Jamil Anees Serdar, Sadeq Anees Serdar and Bakr Bakr Kalo. Patients' Perceptions towards Nonverbal Interaction (Touch & Eye contact) in Clinical Encounter in Al-Eskan Primary Health Care Center Makkah Al-Mokarramah 2015. Nat Sci 2018;16(12):174-182]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 26. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161218.26.

Keywords: Patients', Perceptions, Nonverbal, Interaction Primary Health care.

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