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Management Of Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa Armigera) (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae) By Using Different Chemicals

Ateeq-UR-Rehman1**, Dr Muhammad Ahsan Khan1, Usman Sahil1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub2, Dr Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Dr Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Muhammad Ashfaq1

1Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Entomological research institute Faisalabad, Pakistan.
**Corresponding author’s email: ateequrrehman3355@gmail.com

Abstract: Helicoverpa armigera tomato fruit borer is a serious insect pest of tomato crop. Tomato fruit borer is responsible to cause low tomato yield production. The main method to reduce the population of tomato fruit borer is chemical control. The present study was done to explore the chemicals insecticides for the management of Helicoverpa armigera. Tomato crop were grown in Randomized complete Block design with four replications and five treatment. Different chemicals were used in trial like Fipronil, Trichlorofon, Deltamethrin and Thiamethoxam every Fifteen days of interval and compare with untreated control. The result revealed that maximum Infestation occur in T5 (control one) plot while minimum Infestation in T1 ( Deltamethrin) plot. Forward by T4 (Thiamethoxam) while the minimum yield in T5 (control one) plot and maximum yield in T4 (Thiamethoxam) treatment. Efficacy of data showed that number of healthy fruit is maximum in thiamethoxam 462.52 while minimum healthy fruit in control one plot is 237.55 where no application of spray and minimum Infestation on T1 (Deltamethrin) is 15.59 while maximum Infestation in Tomato in T5 (control one) plot is 65.59. Result also revealed that control of tomato fruit borer Deltamehtrin first after Thiamethoxam were effective and least effective were Fipronil. at the end the maximum yield occur in T4 (Thiamethoxam) For the management of Helicoverpa armigera Deltamethrin and Thiamethoxam were most effective.
[Ateeq-UR-Rehman, Muhammad Ahsan Khan, Usman Sahil, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub, Muhammad Jalal Arif, Muhammad Dildar Gogi, Muhammad Ashfaq. Management Of Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa Armigera) (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae) By Using Different Chemicals. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.01.

Key words: tomato, chemical, fruit borer

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Association between various yield contributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different levels of phosphorus

Umer Ijaz1, Faisal Mehmood1, Ahmad Raza1, Maqsood Ul Hassan1**, Muhammad Faizan Aslam2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Shafi3, Malik Ghulam Asghar3, Muhammad Ahsan Maqbool3

1Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
3Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
**Corresponding author’s email: maqsoodg73@gmail.com

Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is third important cereal crop worldwide which is used for food and feed. Phosphorus is an important macro-nutrient for plant growth and productivity and its low concentration causes growth limiting condition in wheat. Application of phosphorus containing fertilizers not only increases cost of production but also causes environmental issues so, it is need of era to select wheat genotypes with better phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency. In current study 50 wheat genotypes were screened for their response against three different phosphorus levels (0, 100 and 200 mg of P/kg of soil) in RCBD factorial experimental design. Data of nine yield related morphometric traits was collected. The recorded data was subjected to analysis of variance to check its significance. Varieties differ genetically from each other in different environments. ANOVA results indicates the presence of genotypic variability for almost all of the studied traits. Correlation analysis reveals that at low phosphorus level productive tillers, spike weight, thousand grain weight, biological yield and single head yield are yield contributing traits. The present study will be helpful to improve wheat cultivars for phosphorus deficient conditions.
[Umer Ijaz, Faisal Mehmood, Ahmad Raza, Maqsood Ul Hassan, Muhammad Faizan Aslam, Muhammad Jahanzaib Shafi, Malik Ghulam Asghar, Muhammad Ahsan Maqbool. Association between various yield contributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different levels of phosphorus. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):9-14]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.02.

Key words: Phosphorus, wheat, yield

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Effect of rate of Zn and B micronutrients on the yield and yield components of wheat

Maqsood Ul Hassan1, Umer Ijaz1**, Mazhar Ali2, Tayyab Nawaz1, Iqra Azam3, Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Faizan Aslam4, Hassan Saddique1

1Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
2Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan.
3Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
4Institute of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
**Corresponding author’s email: umermeelu@yahoo.com

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different levels of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) fertilization on the grain yield of wheat. The experiment included four levels of Zn viz. 0, 2, 4, 6 kg ha-1 and four levels of B viz. 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All the yield and yield contributing characters except plant height and total tillers plant-1 were significantly affected due to the interaction effects of Zn and B. Among the interactions, the tallest plant (94.93 cm), maximum number of effective tillers plant-1 (4.19) and the highest grain (4.15 t ha-1) and straw yields (7.08 t ha-1) were obtained from 4 kg Zn ha-1 × 2 kg B ha-1. On the contrary, the lowest performance for all the studied crop characters was observed from the treatment combination of Zn0×B0 where Zn and B were not applied. The results showed that grain yield of wheat increased with increasing levels of both Zn and B up to 4 kg ha-1 and 2 kg ha-1, respectively. The effect of B was more prominent than with Zn on different yield components and yield of wheat.
[Maqsood Ul Hassan, Umer Ijaz, Mazhar Ali, Tayyab Nawaz, Iqra Azam, Ahmad Raza, Muhammad Faizan Aslam, Hassan Saddique. Effect of rate of Zn and B micronutrients on the yield and yield components of wheat. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):15-21]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.03

Keywords: Effect; f rate; Zn; micronutrient; yield; components; wheat

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Assessment of Vessel Traffic and Customers Patronage at the Rivers Seaport, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Gladys C. Emenike ¹, Augustus C. Amamilo ², Ekundayo O. Ajayi ³

1-Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2-University of Port Harcourt College of Continuing Education, Ashgrove Academy, University Park, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

3- Centre for Logistics and Transport Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

talk2austus@yahoo.com

Abstract: The seaport is the mainstay of maritime activities in any region, Therefore, the collapse or decrease in customer’s patronage will invariably affect its productivity and the economy of that region. The Rivers Port has recently been affected majorly by its decreased in vessel traffic (cargo throughput) as a result of unfavourable government policies as regards to foreign exchange, amongst other notable challenges. Hence, the study assessed vessel traffic and customers patronage at the rivers seaport, Port Harcourt. The research adopted a questionnaire base study to enable adequate collection of raw and accurate data as a primary source of data collection (interview were also conducted) while the secondary data was extracted from academic journals, related research works and NPA bulletin that were consider relevant. They data obtained were analysed descriptively using tables and standard deviation. Findings show that cost, cargo handling facilities, berthing space and government policy are very relevant in examining port productivity/performance, it also revealed that the Rivers port is faced with challenges, such as inadequate dockworkers (179), constraints with a single mode of transportation, inadequate infrastructure (289), contributing to this shortfall in vessel traffic include; long ship turnaround time, unnecessary delay in clearing of cargoes, security challenges, inadequate cargo handling facilities, and high clearing charge based on these, the following recommendations were made, that government should unify various charge/taxes, strengthen it port policies especially on foreign exchange, and taxes. The P.T.O should ensure the provision and maintenance of modern infrastructural facilities and among others.

[Emenike GC, Amamilo AC, Ajayi AO. Assessment of Vessel Traffic and Customers Patronage at the Rivers Seaport, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):22-29]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.04.

Keywords: Vessel traffic, customers patronage, rivers seaport, cargo throughput

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Interrelationship between Soil Properties and Earthworm Abundance in the Ecological Belts of Western Niger Delta, Nigeria

Charles Obiechina Olisa, Charles Uwadiae Oyegun and Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin

Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

charlesobiechinaolisa@gmail.com

Abstract: The study examined the interrelationship between soil properties and earthworm abundance in ecological belts of Western Niger Delta, Nigeria. Eight 20m x 20m quadrat were delimited in the natural vegetation in each of the rainforest (RF), mangrove (M), fresh water swamp (FWS) and guinea savanna (GS) ecological belts to collect soil samples. Three quadrats of 1m x 1m were delineated to collect earthworm species. Earthworm species and soil samples were collected from the topsoil (0-15cm) and subsoil (15-30cm) and were taken to laboratory for further analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings showed that in the topsoil, the silt content was highest in FWS (17.37±4.8%). The bulk density, total porosity and water holding capacity were slightly varied among the four ecological zones. In the subsoil, the mean soil moisture was significantly highest in the M (31.13±3.2%) and the silt content was highest in the RF. The soil moisture, sand, silt and clay were significantly varied among the ecological zones in both topsoil and subsoil. Findings revealed that soil pH was acidic in all the ecological zones. A total of 19 earthworm species were found with 58.5% individual species recorded in the topsoil and 41.5% recorded in the subsoil. The total population of Eudrilius eugeniae was predominantly highest in both topsoil (38.4%) and subsoil (27.1%). Significant relationships existed between earthworm abundance and soil physical properties (R=0.895, p<0.05), soil nutrients (R=0.850, p<0.05) and heavy metals (R=0.859, p<0.05) in the topsoil while only soil nutrients (R=0.759, p<0.05) and soil heavy metals (R=0.592, p<0.05) in the subsoil. The study recommended that soil nutrients should be improved in guinea savanna for the survival of earthworm abundance.

[Charles Obiechina Olisa, Charles Uwadiae Oyegun and Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin. Interrelationship between Soil Properties and Earthworm Abundance in the Ecological Belts of Western Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):30-43]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.05.

Keywords: Soil properties, Earthworm abundance, Interrelationships, Ecological belts

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Antitumor efficacy of Ellagic acid against MCF-7 using Nanotechnology

Amira M tamamm¹, Sawsan M El-sonbaty², Fatma SM Moawed³ and Eman I Kandil¹

¹Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and

Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

³Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Nanotechnology has various useful applications in cancer biology and invades the field of breast cancer specially. Ellagic acid (EA) a naturally occurring polyphenolic constituent that is contained in ellagitannins in fruits and nuts such as grapes, pomegranate, red raspberry, strawberry, blueberry, walnuts and Cashew nuts. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ellagic acid (EA) synthesized by nanotechnology on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) proliferation. Firstly Ellagic acid (EA) was synthesized using nanotechnology as the nanoparticles (NPs) are usually non-toxic, biocompatible, non-immunogenic and biodegradable. And they may not be recognized by the host's defense mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of Ellagic acid nanoparticles (EA-NPs) was investigated on the human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay which showed the reduction of cell viability by reducing MCF-7 cell count to 50% (IC50) (3.54 0.2 µg/ml). So, Ellagic acid nanoparticles (EA-NPs) could be promising agent in breast cancer treatment. Further studies with in vivo models, are needed to confirm the antitumor efficacy of EA-NPs in inhibition or prevention of breast cancer growth.

[Amira M tamamm, Sawsan M El-sonbaty, Fatma SM Moawed and Eman I Kandil. Antitumor efficacy of Ellagic acid against MCF-7 using Nanotechnology. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):44-47]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.06.

Keywords: EA-NPs, MCF-7, MTT Assay, Nanotechnology.

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Study of Liver and Spleen Stiffness in Hepatitis C Related Cirrhotic Patients for Predicting Esophageal Varices in Egypt

Salem Soliman Ahmed Salama ¹, Abd-Almonem Mohamed Brak ¹, Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim², Rabie Fathy Abbas¹, Amin Mahmoud Hegazy¹, Mohamed Ahmed Moustafa Mohamed¹

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

² Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

drmohahmmosmoh@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Liver cirrhosis is a consequence of almost all progressive chronic liver diseases, approximately 10% - 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have cirrhosis at first clinical presentation and as many as 20% - 30% of those who don’t have cirrhosis will eventually develop this condition and its complications within one or more decades. It is estimated that HCV infects chronically about 160 million people worldwide. Between 15 and 56% of these chronic carriers will evolve towards liver cirrhosis during their lifetimes. Liver cirrhosis is a major health problem; it represents the final common pathway for wide variety of chronic liver diseases. Egypt has a very high prevalence of HCV and a high morbidity and mortality from chronic liver disease. Aim of the Work: It is aimed to study the use of the utility of Liver Stiffness (LS) and Spleen Stiffness (SS) in evaluating hepatitis C related cirrhotic patients compared to other non-invasive tests to predict esophageal varices (EVs) in Egypt. Subjects: Patients: The study was performed on 30 patients (their mean age 50.90 ± 6.82 years old, with range between 36 and 60 years), having liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Controls: 10 healthy subjects (their mean age 43.10 ± 7.20 years, with range between 33 and 53 years old). Methods: All subjects participated in the study were subjected to the following: Detailed history taking and complete physical examination, laboratory investigations including; CBC, AST, ALT, bilirubin, albumin, PT, INR, serum creatinine and blood urea, Platelet count to spleen diameter ratio, HCV-ab, ultrasound abdomen, upper GIT endoscopy, LS and SS measured by using fibroscan and Child-Pugh classification. All subjects were selected from the Internal Medicine department, at Bab-El Shaaryia Hospital Al-Azhar University. The study was performed in the period between July-2014 to June-2018. The nature of the study was explained to all participants and written consent was obtained. Results: There is significant increase in LS and SS among patients compared with controls, The mean LS among patients was; 30.98 ± 14.30 KPa and among controls was; 3.69 ± 0.75 KPa (P ═ 0.00) and The mean SS among patients was; 59.87 ± 12.18 KPa and in controls was; 23 ± 8.04 KPa (P ═ 0.00), moreover, the greater the degree of increase in LS and SS; the greater the degree of cirrhosis and EVs. Also, the greater the degree of cirrhosis, the greater the decrease of platelet count to spleen diameter ratio, The mean platelet count to spleen diameter ratio among patients was; 1.15 ± 1.17 and among controls was 2.56 ± 0.44 (P ═ 0.001). There is a significant decrease in platelet count and serum albumin in patients compared with controls, moreover, the greater the degree of increase in LS and SS, the greater the degree of decrease in platelet count and serum albumin. There is a significant increase of PT among patients compared with controls. There is a significant increase of ALT, AST in patients compared with controls, moreover, the greater the degree of increase in LS and SS, the greater the degree of increase in ALT and AST, in addition, the greater the degree of increase in LS and SS; the greater the degree of increase in serum bilirubin. Conclusion: LS and SS were increased among CHC cirrhotic patients, in addition, the greater the degree of LS and SS, the greater the degree of cirrhosis. LS and SS might predict EVs and the greater the degree of LS and SS, the greater the degree of EVs.

[Salem Soliman Ahmed Salama, Abd-Almonem Mohamed Brak, Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim, Rabie Fathy Abbas, Amin Mahmoud Hegazy, Mohamed Ahmed Moustafa Mohamed. Study of Liver and Spleen Stiffness in Hepatitis C Related Cirrhotic Patients for Predicting Esophageal Varices in Egypt. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):48-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.07.

Keywords: Liver Stiffness, Spleen Stiffness, Hepatitis C, Cirrhotic Patients, Esophageal Varices

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Vaginal progesterone to prevent spontaneous preterm birth

Naglaa El-Shabrawy1, Naglaa M. Moharram2 and Fatma Tolba3

1 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
2 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Egypt
3 Bolauk El-Dakror Hospital, Ministry Of Health, Egypt
mmkamal_010@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Preterm birth is the leading cause of peri-natal morbidity and mortality worldwide and contributes to 70% of neonatal morbidity and approximately half of long term neuro-developmental disabilities. Spontaneous preterm labor and delivery is considered to be one of “the great obstetrical syndromes” a term that emphasizes that obstetrical disorder with a similar phenotype is caused by multiple etiologies. One of the mechanisms of disease is the untimely decline in progesterone action. The detection of a short cervix in the mid-trimester is a powerful risk factor for preterm delivery. Vaginal progesterone can reduce the rate of preterm delivery and the rate of neonatal morbidity. Aim: to prove if progesterone therapy during pregnancy can reduce spontaneous preterm labor and neonatal morbidity (admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, respiratory distress syndrome, need for mechanical ventilation, etc.). Methods: A case control study was conducted that include women attending obstetric outpatient clinic. These women were singleton gestation with sonographic short cervix < 25mm at 12 – 14 weeks. A total of 90 pregnant women have been equally divided into three groups: group (A): given daily vaginal progesterone (400mg), group (B): had done cervical cercalage McDonald operation at 12 -14 weeks and group (C): had done cervical cercalage McDonald operation at 12 -14 weeks then receiving daily vaginal progesterone (400mg). Results: Vaginal progesterone and prophylactic cervical cercalge operation reduce the recurrence of preterm labor. Conclusion: With daily vaginal progesterone from 12 – 14 weeks gestation till 34 weeks is more superior as this method was associated better gestation age at time of delivery and reduce rate of neonatal morbidity.
[Naglaa El-Shabrawy, Naglaa M. Moharram and Fatma Tolba. Vaginal progesterone to prevent spontaneous preterm birth. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):55-63]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.08.

Keywords: Cervical cercalage, Cervical length, Cervical ultrasound, Short cervix, Vaginal progesterone

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Epicardial adipose tissue volume as a predictor of the severity of coronary artery disease by CCTA

Abou Bakr El Seddik Tammam Hussein; Wael Mohamed Attia; Ashraf Al Amir Abd El Fattah and Moataz Mohamed Alaa.

Departments of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
dr.moataz_mohamed@live.com

Abstract: Background: Epicardial adipose tissue has been proposed as a risk factor for coronary artery disease, as well as a predictor for the development of future cardiovascular events. Located between the myocardium and the visceral pericardium, EAT is visceral fat that directly surrounds the coronary arteries. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between epicardial fat volume and the severity of coronary artery disease among patients presented by chest pain with low to intermediate pretest probability for CAD, using Multi-Slice CT coronary angiography. Patients and Methods: This study is the result of collaboration between National Heart Institute and el Hussein hospital which included 100 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred for multi-slice CT angiography from May 2017 to May 2018. Results: there is positive correlation between epicardial adipose tissue scores that measure extent and severity of CAD plaque (Ca score, ABO score, SIS score, and SSS score) and atherosclerosis. Conclusion: there is a significant correlation between epicardial adipose tissue and coronary atherosclerosis and EFV increased steeply in patients with significant coronary artery stenosis as revealed by multi-detector computed tomography.
[Abou Bakr El Seddik Tammam Hussein; Wael Mohamed Attia; Ashraf Al Amir Abd El Fattah and Moataz Mohamed Alaa. Epicardial adipose tissue volume as a predictor of the severity of coronary artery disease by CCTA. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):64-68]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.09.

Key Words: Epicardial Adipose Tissue – coronary artery disease – CCTA

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Evaluation of the chemical properties of cookies prepared by utilizing wheat germ oil and defatted wheat germ.

Ayesha syed1, Hafiz Muhammad Aqib Saeed1**, Muhammad Haris1, Asad Sohail1, Aqsa Rasheed1

1National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
**Corresponding author’s email: aqbsaeed@hotmail.com

Abstract: The research work was conducted to characterize the wheat germ and assess its suitability for the preparation of cookies. The cookies made by using WGO was evaluated for chemical composition. The wheat flour was supplemented with DFWG flour at the levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% to prepare different flour blends. The cookies were prepared from these flour blends and were tested for their chemical characteristics and mineral profile. The moisture content of the cookies prepared from different levels of normal shortening replacement with WGO was not affected significantly with the variation in the level of WGO however; moisture content of WGO based cookies increased significantly during the storage period of two months. The crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and NFE content of WGO based cookies were neither affected significantly by the treatment nor the storage intervals. The TBA value of cookies was significantly decreased by the incorporation of WGO in the cookies formulation while significant increase was observed in this parameter throughout the storage period. The highest TBA value (0.11 mg melonaldehyde/kg) was observed in the control treatment (100% normal shortening) while the lowest TBA value (0.05 mg melonaldehyde/kg) was possessed by cookies prepared from 100% WGO. The rancidity of cookies increased with the passage of time was evident from the higher TBA value (0.13 mg melonaldehyde/kg) at the end of study.
[Ayesha syed, Hafiz Muhammad Aqib Saeed, Muhammad Haris, Asad Sohail, Aqsa Rasheed. Evaluation of the chemical properties of cookies prepared by utilizing wheat germ oil and defatted wheat germ. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):69-79]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.10.

Key words: cookies, wheat germ oil, proximate analysis

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Molecular depiction of efficient wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under diverse phosphorus treatments

Muhammad Junaid^1**, Shamroz Khan¹, Rehman Wali¹, Muhammad Arshad¹, Naveed Riaz¹, Fariz Tehreem¹, Ushna Mariam²

¹Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan

²Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan

**Corresponding author’s email: junaidjhonny117@gmail.com

Abstract: Six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (best, poor and control) were selected for the identification of genes responsible for better utilization of phosphorus. Molecular characterization of selected genotypes indicates that Triticum aestivum phosphorus transporters TaPHT1; 4 and TaPHT2; 1 were present in both phosphorus efficient and inefficient genotypes. Differential expression of these TaPHTs might be responsible for phosphorus use efficiency under phosphorus deficient conditions. To assess the polymorphism phylogeny of TaPhTs was constructed. Gene specific primers were used to identify the phosphorus transporters in these genotypes. The present study will be helpful to improve wheat cultivars for phosphorus deficient conditions and data can be used in gene-assisted wheat breeding.

[Muhammad Junaid, Shamroz Khan, Rehman Wali, Muhammad Arshad, Naveed Riaz, Fariz Tehreem, Ushna Mariam. Molecular depiction of efficient wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under diverse phosphorus treatments. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):80-84]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.11.

Key words: Phosphorus, wheat, phylogeny, primer

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Psychiatric and Other Medical Conditions in Children with Enuresis

Mohammed Mohammed El-Mazahy, Hussein Metwaly Abdel-Maksoud, Ayman Al Husseiny Abdel-Maksoud, Mai Mohammed Salah Al-Shinnawy.

Pediatrics department, Faculty of medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt

Maialshinnawy1004@hotmail.com

Abstract: Enuresis is defined in the DSM-V as the repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes at least twice a week for at least three consecutive months in a child who is at least 5 years of age. Prevalence of enuresis in Egyptian children (6-12 years old) was ranged from 8.29% to 17.5%. Enuresis is classified as nocturnal, diurnal, and combined types. The nocturnal-only subtype of enuresis, sometimes referred to as monosymptomatic enuresis, is the most common subtype. Etiology of NE is still controversial. Delay of nervous system maturation, low bladder capacity, abnormalities of the urinary tract, inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, genetic factors, immature waking mechanisms, deep sleep, neurologic bladder problems, bacteriuria, diet, socioeconomic status, and psychogenic factors were suggested as etiologic factors. So, the aim of our study was to determine the possible psychiatric and other medical disorders found in enuretic children above 5 years of age. Our cross sectional study was done on 150 Egyptian children attending Pediatric outpatient clinics in Damietta governorate with nocturnal enuresis with the mean age of studied cases was 7.05 years. After full history taking, general and local examinations, they underwent CBCL and MINI-KID scores assessment.

[Mohammed Mohammed El-Mazahy, Hussein Metwaly Abdel-Maksoud, Ayman Al Husseiny Abdel-Maksoud, Mai Mohammed Salah Al-Shinnawy. Psychiatric and Other Medical Conditions in Children with Enuresis. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):85-88]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.12.

Key words: enuresis- nocturnal- psychiatric

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Role of Fetal Echocardiography in Diagnosis of Fetal Congenital Heart Disease

Prof. Dr. Amani Emad Eldin Radi, Dr. Yasser Ibrahim Abdelkhalek, Dr. Ali Hagag Ali, Samar Hosny Hassan Suliman

Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine – Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

samarhosny2009@yahoo.com

Abstract: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease is now well established for a wide range of cardiac anomalies. Diagnosis of congenital heart disease during fetal life not only identifies the cardiac lesion but may also lead to detection of associated abnormalities. This information allows a detailed discussion of the prognosis with parents. For continuing pregnancies, appropriate preparation can be made to optimize the postnatal outcome. Reduced morbidity and mortality, following antenatal diagnosis, has been reported for coarctation of the aorta, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and transposition of the great arteries. With regard to screening policy, most affected fetuses are in the “low risk” population, emphasizing the importance of appropriate training for those who undertake such obstetric anomaly scans. As a minimum, the four chamber view of the fetal heart should be incorporated into mid trimester anomaly scans, and where feasible, views of the outflow tracts should also be included, to increase the diagnostic yield. Newer screening techniques, such as measurement of nuchal translucency, may contribute to identification of fetuses at high risk for congenital heart disease and prompt referral for detailed cardiac assessment. In conclusion: As regarding the stronge association between the risk factor and the fetal congenital heart, yet the high incidence of congenital heart disease among the low risk female make the basic fetal echocardiography is mandatory study throughout the all fetuses.

[Amani Emad Eldin Radi, Yasser Ibrahim Abdelkhalek, Ali Hagag Ali, Samar Hosny Hassan Suliman. Role of Fetal Echocardiography in Diagnosis of Fetal Congenital Heart Disease. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):89-91]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.13.

Keywords: Fetal, Echocardiography, Diagnosis, Congenital, Heart

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Dexamethasone Effect on Induction-Delivery Interval at Term Randomized Controlled Trial

Tarek Fathy Tamara, Amgad El-Saeid Abou-Gamrah, Gihan El-Sayed El-Hawwary and Samar Sayed EL-Sayed Abdel-Rahman

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University

sam61089.555@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Induction of labor is one of the most common interventions practiced in modern obstetrics. In the developed World, the ability to induce labor has contributed to the reduction in maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. During pregnancy, large amounts of CRH are released from the placenta and fetal membranes. An increment in plasma CRH concentration occurs during spontaneous labor, with peak value at vaginal delivery. Aim: The aim of this study is to establish whether Dexamethasone plays a role in shorting the duration interval between initiation of labor induction and beginning of the active phase of labor in primigravida post-term pregnancy, so shorting the duration of labor. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital. 102 full term & post-term (≥ 40 weeks) nulliparous women were included in this study and divided into the following: Group I (Dexamethasone group) injected with 2 ml (8 mg) dexamethasone intravenously 4 hours before initiation of labor induction and Group II (placebo group) will not receive dexamethasone or any other cervical ripening agent. Results: There was a non-significant statistical difference between the two studied groups as regards the age, gestational age on admission, body mass index (BMI), pulse, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, primary cervical dilatation, effacement, cervical position, consistency, head station, Bishop Score, mode of delivery and Apgar score. Conclusion: Single intra-venous injection of two ml. (8mg.) of dexamethasone before induction of labour appears to shorten labor duration. Recommendations: Intra-venous injection of dexamethasone a dose of 2 ml. (8 mg) is a safe and effective dose for shorting labor duration. Larger randomized controlled studies should be carried out for longer duration to reach the safest regimen of dexamethasone before induction of labor.

[Tarek Fathy Tamara, Amgad El-Saeid Abou-Gamrah, Gihan El-Sayed El-Hawwary and Samar Sayed EL-Sayed Abdel-Rahman. Dexamethasone Effect on Induction-Delivery Interval at Term Randomized Controlled Trial. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):92-99]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.14.

Keywords: Induction of labor, CRH, Dexamethasone

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Antifungal activity effects of some lactobacillussp. against some of Labneh spoilage microorganisms

Abeer E. A. Amer¹ and Mohamed E. Amer²

¹Agricultural Research Centre, Animal Production Research Institute, Dairy Microbiology Department, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

²Agricultural Research Centre, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in food, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

Email. abeeramer30@gmail.com

Abstract: Four antifungal Lactobacilli strains had higher antifungal activity. Their antifungal activities were tested in concentrated yogurt (Labenh), against fungal species of (Debaryomyces hansenii NRRL 1448, Kluyveromyces marxianus EMCC 101900, Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL 2291, Penicillium roqueforti and Aspergilus flavus NRRL 3251) commonly involved in the spoilage of dairy products. The antifungal strains belonged to Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus TISTR 541, Lactobacillus acidophilus AL-5and Lactobacillus helveticus EMCC 4193 species and showed different acidifying and growth capacities in labneh samples during storage period at 5^oC+1. All tested Lactobacillus strains showed an antifungal activity in labneh samples. L.rhamnosus and L. casei showed a very strong antifungal effect in labneh by completely inhibiting all tested fungi as compared to control (with yoghurt strter). Both L. case iand L. rhamnosus completely inhibited the fungal growth of Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 (aflatoxicogenic strain) assayed. Higher antifungal activity was exhibited by actively growing cells of the four lactobacilli strains compared with the MRS broth supernatants of the four lactobacilli bacterial strains containing metabolites with antifungal activity using the disc assay method. These Lactobacillus cultures showed inhibitory activities against yeasts in Labenh at refrigerator temperatures (5°C+1) without an influence on the quality properties of the food. Initial cell numbers of 5 × 10⁷ cells/g of Lactobacillus sp. It was found that 1 ×10⁷ cells/g of lactobacilli were the optimal concentrations to yield a total inhibition of the spoilage yeasts (Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

[Abeer E. A. Amer and Mohamed E. Amer. Antifungal activity effects of some lactobacillussp. against some of Labneh spoilage microorganisms. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):100-113]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.15.

Key words: Lactobacillus – antifungal activity –yeasts – antifungal Lactobacilli strains-labneh.

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Association of MTHFR gene C677T Mutation with Diabetic Nephropathy

Prof. Dr. Maha Mohamed Soliman El-Kishki¹, Prof. Dr. Amal M. M.Abdel-Fattah El-Ramly¹, Prof. Dr. Mona Abd El-Raoof Abd El-Kader² and Marwa Abd El Kawi Abd El Maksoud¹

¹Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Dr.marwa_20102000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Introduction: Genetic predisposition has been implicated in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR) is a regulatory enzyme of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism. The C677T variant of MTHFR gene may be associated with DN. In this study, we examined the distribution of the MTHFR genotypes and the association between the C677T variant and DN. Methods: 40 DN patients and 20 controls were recruited in the study. FPG, HbA_1c%, lipid profile, eGFR, serum creatinine and urinary microalbumin were measured. SerumHcy level was measured using ELISA method. MTHFR genetic C677T polymorphism was determined using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Results: The distribution of MTHFR C677T polymorphism observed in the current study showed differences from the frequencies predicted by the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in DN group. Observed CC homozygous in DN group was 62.5% while expected was 63%. Observed CT heterozygous in DN group was 37.5% while expected was 33%. Observed TT homozygous was 0% while expected was 4%.CT genotype and T allele were significantly associated with cases when compared to control group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene was associated with DN. The T allele of this mutation presumably acting by elevating Hcy levels and seems to be associated with a faster progression of nephropathy to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

[Maha Mohamed Soliman El-Kishki, Amal M.M.Abdel-Fattah El-Ramly, Mona Abd El-Raoof Abd El-Kader and Marwa Abd El KawiAbd El Maksoud Association of MTHFR gene C677T Mutation with Diabetic Nephropathy Nat Sci 2018;16(11):114-122]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.16.

Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy, Homocysteine Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, C677T Polymorphism

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Influence Of Pre And Post-Harvest Handling Of Vegetables On The Prevalence Of Soil Transmitted Helminths In Iddo Lga, Ibadan, Nigeria

Oyebamiji, David, Fasoore, Victor and Hassan, Adesola

Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. anuoluwapo298@gmail.com

Abstract: This study investigated the prevalence of intestinal parasites associated with leafy vegetables, the influence of washing of vegetables in reducing the load of soil-transmitted helminths before consumption and the perception of consumers/retailers about contamination of vegetables in Ido Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 279 vegetables were sampled from two major farms in Apata area of Ibadan, between March and June, 2017. 300 questionnaires were administered to 300 retailers and consumers on their perception of parasites associated with vegetables. 100g of each collected vegetables was washed with tap-water, saline (0.85%) and 0.0025% tween20. Modified Sedimentation Technique was used in the preparation of wash water assay for microscopic examination under x40. Data obtained were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0 version. Associations were ascertained using chi-square analysis P<0.05. 156 (55.9%) of sampled vegetables were contaminated with STHs ova or larva. The prevalence of contamination from different type of vegetables range from 62.1% in Talinum triangulare followed by 56.8% in Celosia argentia 54.5% in Amaranthus hybridus and 48.7% in Cochorus olitorus, P= 0.0001. All respondent retailers and consumers were ignorant of the possibility of contamination of vegetables with parasites egg or larvae, however, 19.0% of respondents claimed to parboil vegetables before consumption, 3.7% claimed to wash vegetables with chemicals before consumption, also 27.3% wash vegetables with salt water before consumption while 49.3% respondent wash vegetables with tap water before consumption. The high levels of contamination of vegetables observed in the present study confirm the need to reduce/eliminate potential health risk associated with handling of irrigated vegetables, proper enlightenment on the possible contamination of vegetables with helminths infections should be given to vegetable marketers and consumers.

[Oyebamiji, David, Fasoore, Victor and Hassan, Adesola. Influence Of Pre And Post-Harvest Handling Of Vegetables On The Prevalence Of Soil Transmitted Helminths In Iddo Lga, Ibadan, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):123-132]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.17.

Keywords: Vegetables; tap-water; retailers; leafy; intestinal parasites

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Study the effects of magnetic field on biochemical and histological changes in liver tissue of albino rats

Sahar E. Abo-Neima, Hussein A. Motaweh

Physics department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Egypt.

 Sahar_amr2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: To study the effects of different intensities of magnetic field on biochemical parameters, and histological changes of liver of albino rats.  Forty eight of male albino rats were used of average weight of about 150-160gm, the animals were housed in the same environmental conditions in plastic cages and feed with balanced diet and tap water. The animals were divided into two groups as follows: Group C:  Consists of 8 animals used as a control group and housed at normal environmental conditions of pressure and temperature. The lab temperature varied between 22^oC and 25^oC during the experimental period, lighting condition was day light and darkness during night.  Group E: Consists of 40 animal was divided into five subgroups (8 animals for each group) namely E₁, E₂, E₃, E₄ and E₅, which were exposed to different magnetic flux density (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mT at 50Hz) for a period of 30days (8hours/day, 5days/week). Biochemical parameters (Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase,Serum alkaline phosphatase and total protein were measured in plasma samples obtained after centrifugation of blood samples. The results show that there is a marked change in the liver enzymes due to exposure to different strengths of magnetic field. From liver histology for animals exposed to different intensities of magnetic field showing heavy portal inflammation, congestion, atypia, microvesicular steatosis and lyfocal inflammation. We conclude from this study that it is necessary to conduct some tests for patients to measure the chemical changes of liver enzymes and also study the histological shape of the body's various tissues to protect them from exposure to any source of electromagnetic radiation.

 [Sahar E. Abo-Neima, Hussein A. Motaweh. Study the effects of magnetic field on biochemical and histological changes in liver tissue of albino rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):133-138]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.18

Keywords: magnetic field, liver histology, portal inflammation, Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate    aminotransferase , Serum alkaline phosphatase

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) performance under residue management strategies in maize-wheat rotation

Muhammad Faizan Aslam¹, Shabir Hussain², Kumail Fayaz³, Hafiz Muhammad Zaid², Malik Ghulam Asghar², Muhammad Jahanzaib Shafi², Faisal Shabir⁴, Zain Ul Abdin⁴

¹Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

³Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

⁴Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

**Corresponding author’s email: xaidi420@gmail.com

Abstract: Intensive cereal based cropping especially maize and wheat with conventional practices has encouraged degradation of soil quality in Pakistan. Key element in this regard is scarcity of alternative organic amendments, incorporation of crop residue in fields can be considered as promoting physical, chemical and biological attributes of soil health in agricultural system of Pakistan. This field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different maize residue management strategies along with different splitting levels of nitrogen on yield and yield components of wheat at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during the year 2014-15. Four residue management strategies was T1: conventional cutting practice of maize, T2: Incorporation of lower 1/3 maize plant, T3: incorporation of lower 2/3 maize plant, T4: full plant incorporation and three nitrogen splitting levels viz; N1: N100 kg ha-1 as 1/2 basal application + 1/2 after 22 DAS, N2: N150 kg ha-1 1/2 basal + 1/2 after 22 DAS and N3: N150 kg h-1 as basal. Response of wheat yield and its components like number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight was differ significantly under maize plant incorporation strategies compared to conventional cutting practice. Full plant incorporation along with N100 kg ha-1 in 2 splits remained superior regarding final yield. Maximum net rate of return (Rs.84336) and benefit cost ratio (1.25) was obtained in conventional cutting practice at N100 kg ha-1 in two splits. Through net return and benefit cost ratio was highest in conventional cutting practice but fertility status of soil increased significantly by addition of residue.

[Muhammad Faizan Aslam, Shabir Hussain, Kumail Fayaz, Hafiz Muhammad Zaid, Malik Ghulam Asghar, Muhammad Jahanzaib Shafi, Faisal Shabir, Zain Ul Abdin. Wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) performance under residue management strategies in maize-wheat rotation. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):139-148]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.19.

Key words: wheat, maize, rotation, residue.

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Quality evaluation of pasta produced from wheat-african yam beans flour blends

Olayinka, R. Karim Prof¹, Akinjide O. Akinsola PhD^2*, and Grace O. Akanbi PhD³

¹ Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

^2.3 Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: akinsola4gold@gmail.com

Abstract: Fortification of pasta which is largely energy rich food with moderate amount of protein and minerals will provide a meal with adequate nutrients dense product. Quality evaluation of pasta produced from wheat and African Yam Beans, AYB, flour was evaluated. AYB was processed into flour and blended with wheat flour in ratio of 100:0, 85:15, 80:20, and 75:25 to give four samples. Proximate composition, functional properties, minerals profile, antinutritional factors, and sensory properties of “macaroni”, a pasta product produced from the blends were determined using standard methods. The result of proximate composition showed that values for moisture content, protein, fat, fibre, ash, and carbohydrate ranged from 9.33 – 9.89%; 8.94 – 14.39%; 3.59 – 5.08%; 2.34 – 2.38%; 1.35 – 1.47%; and 67.09 – 74.43%, respectively. Water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to control (WTA) sample as a result of legume addition which enhance trapping of water in wheat flour starch mesh. Swelling power decreased significantly as AYB substitution increase, while solubility index increased significantly compared to WTS sample. Least gelation concentration shows no significant differences among samples except sample with 25% AYB substitution. Percentage amylase inhibitor decreased as AYB substitution increase in the samples, while trypsin inhibitor increased vice-versa. Sensory attributes result showed that samples with 20% AYB inclusion level is most accepted, apart from whole wheat flour “macaroni”. Results obtained in this study shows that pasta made with 20% AYB flour will enhance pasta nutrition density and sensory attributes.

[Olayinka, R. Karim Prof, Akinjide O. Akinsola PhD, and Grace O. Akanbi PhD. Quality evaluation of pasta produced from wheat-african yam beans flour blends. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):149-157]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.20.

Keywords: African yam beans, fortification, macaroni, nutrient dense product, pasta, sensory attributes

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Scarf Osteotomy for Treatment of Hallux Valgus Deformity

Prof. Dr. Kamal Abd Alrahman Abd Elhafez, Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Abulsoud and Dr. Taha Ibrahim Maraey

Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt

tnasaa2011@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: the scarf osteotomy has been a widely practiced bunion operation, but relatively limited prospective data on its outcomes have been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of treatment of adult primary hallux valgus using the scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal. Aim of the Work: evaluation of scarf osteotomy for treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity by diaphyseal stable osteotomy. Patients and methods: hallux valgus corrections were performed on 10 patients (10 feet), who were followed for at least 6 months with an average follow-up of 12 months. Mean age at the time of surgery was 41 years, and subjects included three male and seven female patients. Prospective clinical data collected included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux-interphalangeal scale score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Prospective radiologic data were also collected including hallux valgus angle (HVA), first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). Clinical data were collected on complications. Results: mean AOFAS hallux-interphalangeal score increased from 49 preoperatively to 94 postoperatively. The mean pain sub score improved from 18 points before operation to 37 postoperatively. The mean function sub score from 31 points to 44 postoperatively and the mean alignment sub score from 1.8 point to 14 postoperatively. Whereas mean VAS pain scores decreased from 5.8 preoperatively to 1.1 postoperatively. All the changes in clinical outcomes were statistically significant. Mean preoperative HVA decreased from 34.4 degrees preoperatively to 10.7 degrees postoperatively. The mean preoperative IMA decreased from 20 degrees preoperatively to 8.6 degrees postoperatively. The mean preoperative DMAA decreased from14 to 11 postoperatively. All radiographic changes were statistically significant except DMAA changes. The overall complication rate was 10% (1/10), attributable to fracture of the first metatarsal bone intra operatively but this healed satisfactory without compromising the outcome. Conclusion: Scarf osteotomy was a reliable technique for correction of moderate to severe hallux valgus and had low rates of complication or recurrence.

[Kamal Abd Alrahman Abd Elhafez, Mohamed Ibrahim Abulsoud and Taha Ibrahim Maraey. Scarf Osteotomy for Treatment of Hallux Valgus Deformity. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):158-162]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 21. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.21.

Keywords: Scarf Osteotomy, Hallux Valgus Deformity

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Comparative Assessment of Isthmocele Development after Cesarean Section Using Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS) and Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS).

Taiseer M. Mohamed, MD and Doaa Saleh, MD

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

dodogyne@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of post-cesarean isthmocele after 6 months and to compare between transvaginal ultrasonography and saline infusion sonohysterography in assessment of isthmocele. Material and methods: A prospective observational cohort study was carried out at Al-Zahraa University Hospital – Al-Azhar University. Isthmocele measurements were taken for 202 women with a history of one low transverse CS. women delivered by cesarean section (n = 202) were examined with transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) and sonohysterography (SIS) six months after cesarean section. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of isthmocele using TVUS and SIS. Secondary outcome measures were characteristics of isthmocele. Results: In our study, the isthmocele had a prevalence of 73.8%. Most isthmocele had a triangular (65.4%) or semicircular shape (10.4%). The prevalence of isthmocele was 25.4% based on TVUS and 45.6% based on SIS. Sensitivity and specificity for TVUS was 51.3 and 100%, respectively, when compared with SIS. Therefore, half of the defects (48.7%) diagnosed with SIS remained undiagnosed with TVUS. Conclusions: The study provides confirmatory data that SIS is more sensitive and most accurate for prediction of isthmocele 6 months after caeserian section in compare with TVUS. TVUS may lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of isthmocele. Thus, SIS should be considered as a method of choice in diagnostics of isthmocele.

[Taiseer M. Mohamed and Doaa Saleh. Comparative Assessment Of Isthmocele Development after Cesarean Section Using Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS) and Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS). Nat Sci 2018;16(11):163-166]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 22. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.22.

Key words: Cesarean section, Isthmocele, Transvaginal ultrasound, Saline infusion sonohystrography

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The Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Accuracy of Ultrasound Fetal Weight Estimation

Fatma Mohammed Sobhy El-Sokkary, Hanan Abd El Monem Mohammed and Bosy Ramadan Abo Elkheir

Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al–Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

drhosamabdelrahman@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: estimation of fetal weight is important for antenatal and intrapartum management of pregnant women. Ultrasound fetal weight estimation (EFW) has become a routine practice in obstetrics with a major impact on obstetrical management. It is generally a better predictor of the actual birth weight than the clinical method. Aim of the Work: to determine if maternal obesity affect the accuracy of ultrasound fetal weight estimation. Patients and Methods: to singleton pregnancies underwent sonographic (Hadlock) fetal weight estimation within 7 days of delivery. Patients were stratified into two groups based on increasing maternal body mass index (BMI): (1) control group (less than 29) (21 study group (more than 29)). The estimated fetal weight was compared among the two BMI groups. Results: there was no difference in the magnitude of the absolute percent error with increasing maternal obesity. Conclusion: increasing maternal obesity does not affect the accuracy of ultrasound fetal weight estimation. Therefore, sonographic fetal weight prediction provides accurate and valid guidelines for determining management decisions in women, regardless of body size.

[Fatma Mohammed Sobhy El-Sokkary, Hanan Abd El Monem Mohammed and Bosy Ramadan Abo Elkheir. The Effect of Maternal Obesity on the Accuracy of Ultrasound Fetal Weight Estimation. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):167-173]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 23. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.23.

Keywords: Maternal Obesity, Ultrasound Fetal Weight Estimation

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Auditing of Performance of Vaginal delivery after One Caesarean Sectionat Alzahraa University Hospital

Prof. Dr. Fatma Mohamed Sobhy ElSokkary, Prof. Dr. Enas Mahmoud Hamdy and Hayam Abd Elhamed Hamed Madkour

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, AlAzhar University, Egypt

doctor.menet86@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: VBAC (vaginal delivery after Caesarean Section) is a clinically safe choice for the majority of women with a single previous lower segment caesarean delivery assuming there are no other conditions that would normally require a cesarean delivery. Such a strategy is also supported by health economic modelling, and would also limit escalation of the caesarean delivery rate and maternal morbidity associated with multiple caesarean deliveries. VBAC avoids major abdominal surgery, lowers a woman’s risk of haemorrhage and infection, and shortens postpartum recovery. A successful VBAC has fewer complications than an elective repeat cesarean while a failed TOLAC has more complications than an elective repeat cesarean. Objectives: Assessment of performance of vaginal delivery after one Caesarean Section at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Alzahraa University Hospital. Patients and methods: This is a prospective study, carried out on all cases attempted to labour ward in obstetrics department of Al Zahraa University Hospital and selected to have vaginal delivery after one caesarean section from December 2015 to December 2016. Cases with inclusion criteria were subjected to history taking, general and local examination, initial laboratory investigations and abdominal and ultrasound in addition to assessment of the three stages of labour and maternal and neonatal outcome. Results: In the present study, out of 388 pregnant women with history of previous one LSCS (low CS scar), there were 52 cases eligible for trial of VBAC. Forty three cases had successful VBAC with success rate (65.38%) and 18(34.62%) underwent repeat emergency CS. There was a statistically significant difference between successful VBAC and gestational age at time of labour, neonatal birth weight, prior vaginal delivery and previous CS scar thickness. Maternal and neonatal complications were less common in successful VBAC, however it was more in failed VBAC. Conclusion: Either CS or vaginal birth for woman with previous CS have inherent benefits and risks. However, there is evidence of a more favourable benefit-risk ratio for planned vaginal birth after one caesarean section compared with repeat caesarean section. The current study may be utilised to aid the counselling of women faced with the choice of VBAC versus ERCS.

[Fatma Mohamed Sobhy ElSokkary, Enas Mahmoud Hamdy and Hayam Abd Elhamed Hamed Madkour. Auditing of Performance of Vaginaldelivery after One Caesarean Sectionat Alzahraa University Hospital. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):174-189]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 24. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.24.

Key words: VBAC – Cesarean delivery – health economic modeling – scar thickness

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Effect of some herbal plants on hyperlipidimia in rats

Hoda M. El Gezery and Asmaa E. Mostafa

National Nutrition Institute, Cairo, Egypt.

hodamasoud@yahoo.com

Abstract: Elevation of lipids or fatty substances in the blood is known as hyperlipidemia, mainly in the form of cholesterol and triglycerides. The fatty materials during their passage in the circulation can conjugated with proteins, then it known as hyperlipoproteinemia. Objective: The current work was designed to explore the impact of amla and cinnamon of nutritional status on albino rats suffering from hyperlipidemia. Material and Methods: cinnamon and amla which purchased from local market in Cairo Egypt. Thirty sex male albino rats (200g) were used in this research and divided for two main groups. The first main group (6 rats) was kept as control negative group and was fed on basal diet. The 2^nd main group (30 rats) was fed on high fat diet (19% saturated fat+1% oil) for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia. After 4 weeks, hyperlipidemic rats were classified into 4 subgroups. Subgroup (1): fed on high fat diet and kept as positive control group. Subgroups (2,3): fed on high fat diet containing 1% and 1.5% cinnamon, respectively). Subgroups (4,5) fed on high fat diet containing 1% and 1.5% amla, respect.). Results: The chemical composition of amla showed a higher value of moisture, carbohydrate, protein, while cinnamon showed a higher value of carbohydrate, fiber and protein. A significant decrease in body weight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, liver enzymes and significant increase in high density lipoprotein. Conclusion: Increasing the awareness of people with regard to the treatment effect of Amla and Cinnamon against diseases specially hyperlipidemia. Because these plants play an important role in the improvement of HDL- cholesterol.

[Hoda M. El Gezery and Asmaa E. Mostafa. Effect of some herbal plants on hyperlipidimia in rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):190-196]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 25. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.25.

Keywords: Amla - cinnamon - hyperlipidemia

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Vit D3 (25 hydroxylated vitamin D) deficiency in cases of polycystic ovary syndrome in high school girls

Prof. Dr. Asmaa Fath Elbab Abdel Halim, Prof. Dr. Hanaa Farouk Ahmed and Mai Ali Abdelaziz Elgheity

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al Azhar University, Egypt

Mayoyaali1985@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Patients and methods. The present study is a prospective interventional study including one hundred and fifty women (90) of them complaining of some symptoms of PCO (irregular menstruation, acne, hirsutism (in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of EL-Mahalla General Hospital and in the period between June 2017 and December 2017. Results: This show that there were highly significance difference between included groups as regard menstrual cycle before and after ttt in group 2 with p value (0.000) and significant difference in group 3 with p value (0.016) and non significant difference in group 1 with p value (0.063). This table show highly significant difference between studied groups before and after ttt in group 1,2 with p value (0.001), (0.000) respectively and non significant difference in group 3 with p value (0.80) as regard FSH hormonal assay. This table show that there was a highly significant difference between included group as regard lH hormonal assay before and after ttt in group 2 with p value (0.000) and non significant difference in group 1,3 with p value (0.23), (0.34) respectively. This table show change in serum calcium before and after ttt which was highly significant difference between studied girls in group 2,3 with p value (0.000). This table show show change in serum vit d before and after ttt which was highly significant in group 2,3 with p value (0.000) and non significant in group 1 with p value (0.15). Discussion: There was change in hormonal profile due to drug intervention such as: FSH after ttt with p value (0.001, 0.000, 0.80) in group 1,2,3 respectively. it was highly significant in group 1,2 and non significant in group 3; LH highly significant in group 2 with p value (0.000) and non significant in group 1,3 with p value (0.23, 0.34) respectively. Conclusion This study showed the positive effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation on (pco morphology in u/s), menstrual regularity (hormonal study), and improvement of acne and hirsutism in girls with PCOS (in group 2). Improvement of ca serum level and vit d (in group 2,3). Vitamin D deficiency was recompensed in 67% (group 2, 3) of the PCOS patients who had taken calcium & vitamin D supplementation. Most of patients diagnosed by PCO had vitamin d deficiency.

[Asmaa Fath Elbab Abdel Halim, Hanaa Farouk Ahmed and Mai Ali Abdelaziz Elgheity. Vit D3 (25 hydroxylated vitamin D) deficiency in cases of polycystic ovary syndrome in high school girls. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):197-202]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 26. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.26.

Keywords: Vit D3; hydroxylated vitamin D; deficiency; case; polycystic ovary syndrome; high school; girl

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Comparison of Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate in Women with Polycystic Ovaries

Prof. Hisham Elsayed Mossad, Prof. Lamiaa Mohamed Yousry and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Shafey

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome represents a health challenge, as it is associated with infertility and impaired ovulation. Ovulation induction represents a treatment line. However, the ideal drug or regimen still debated. Aim of the work: to observe the role of using clomiphene citrate [clomid] versus using letrozole [Femara] in improving the clinical features (e.g., menstrual irregularities and the sonographic pictures in females with polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients and methods: One hundred Forty women fulfilling the clinical criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome were enrolled. Patients were allocated into one of two groups: group A [clomiphene citrate] and group B [letrozole]; each group is 70 females. All underwent full history taking, clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasound and laboratory investigations after treatment. Results: both groups were comparable as regard to demographic data, type and duration of infertility, hormonal profile, except significant increase of Mid cycle E2 in clomiphene citrate group. However, endometrial thickness and cumulative ovulation rate, cumulative pregnancy rate were significantly increased in letrozole group. Conclusion: results of the present work are in favor of letrozole for treatment of anovulation and subfertility in females with PCOS.

[Hisham Elsayed Mossad, Lamiaa Mohamed Yousry and Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Shafey Comparison of Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate in Women with Polycystic Ovaries. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):203-211]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 27. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.27.

Keywords: Comparison; Letrozole; Clomiphene; Citrate; Women; Polycystic Ovaries

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A review: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is non-caloric sugar for Diabetic patients.

Yousuf Shafiq^1*, Mahnoor Akhter², Mazhar Ullah Bashir¹, Mustansar Mehmood³, Muzzamil Hussain¹, Khadar Khan¹, Muhammad Naveed¹, Muhammad Afzal¹

¹Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

³Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

*Corresponding author’s email: yousufshafiq604@gmil.com

Abstract: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is an ancient South American plant with great potential as an agricultural crop for the production of a high-potency natural sweetener. It produces diterpene glycosides that are low calorie sweeteners, about 300 times sweeter than saccharose. Stevia extracts, besides having therapeutic properties, contain a high level of sweetening compounds, known as steviol glycosides, which are thought to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. S. rebaudiana leaves contain non-cariogenic and non-caloric sweeteners (steviol glycosides) whose consumption could exert beneficial effects on human health. Regular consumption of these compounds decreases the content of sugar, radionuclides, and cholesterol in the blood improves cell regeneration and blood coagulation, suppresses neoplastic growth and strengthens blood vessels. It is also a suitable raw material for the extraction and production of functional food ingredients. It is a good source of carbohydrates, protein, crude fibre, minerals, as well as dispensable and indispensable amino acids which are valuable for human nutrition. The sweetening compounds, found mainly in the leaves of the plant, are steviol glycosides, with stevioside being the most abundant, followed by rebaudioside A. Stevioside has a sweetening power comparable to that of artificial sweeteners presently marketed and consumed in several foods and beverages. Adverse effects of stevia have not really been observed. However, it is thought that stevia could provoke allergic reactions in people sensitive to plants of the Asteraceae family and it is also recommended that pregnant women should avoid consuming stevia.

[Yousuf Shafiq, Mahnoor Akhter, Mazhar Ullah Bashir, Mustansar Mehmood, Muzzamil Hussain, Khadar Khan, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Afzal. A review: Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is non-caloric sugar for Diabetic patients. Nat Sci 2018;16(11):212-217]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 28. doi:10.7537/marsnsj161118.28.

Keywords: Stevia, Sweetener, antioxidant, anti-diabetic

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