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Effect of glutamine supplementation on physical fitness and some physiological variables level for soccer youngsters

Dr. Ahmed Dobai

Assistant Professor in Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education for Boys and Girls, Port Said University, Egypt. ah_dobai@hotmail.com

Abstract: Aim of this study was to determine the effect of glutamine supplementation on physical fitness and some physiological variables level for soccer youngsters, the researcher used the experimental method pre-post measurement, (20) soccer youngster were chosen from Port Fouad club under (16) years to participate in the study, (10) players as experimental group and (10) players as control group, the experimental group administered glutamine (5) gramsper day after training unit for (42) days, the control group administered placebo after training unit for (42) days, (5) ml blood was withdrawn before and after the experiment for all participants for determine level of… T.protein, b. FGF and testosterone beside physical fitness variables… transient speed, endurance of speed, muscular ability for arms and legs and endurance of strength, in conclusions, glutamine supplementation improve physical fitness level with improvements of T. protein, b. FGF and testosterone for soccer youngsters.

[Ahmed Dobai. Effect of glutamine supplementation on physical fitness and some physiological variables level for soccer youngsters. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.01.

Key words: Glutamine - Physical fitness - Physiological variables - Soccer youngsters

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Parasitic Incidence in Cultured Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Collected from Homestead Concrete Pond in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

^*1 Inyang-Etoh, Aniema, ² George, Ubong

¹ Faculty of Oceanography, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

²Department of Zoology & Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

talk2georgeubong@gmail.com

Abstract: The incidence of parasites of Clarias gariepinus from homestead concrete pond in Akwa Ibom State was investigated. A total of 50 Samples of fish were collected from the fish farm during the duration of study. These samples were examined for parasitic incidence and the results showed 78 % parasitic prevalence while infection was not sex dependent (P > 0.05). Parasitic prevalence within the sample increases as length and weight of fish increases. The prevalence of parasites encountered were Capillaria sp. (32 %), Dactylogyrus sp (12 %), Ichthophthirius sp. (8 %) Tricodina sp. (8 %), unidentified cysts (8 %), unidentified larvae (6 %) and Dibothriocephalus sp. (4 %). Homestead ponds operators should constantly resort for training in order to learn and update existing knowledge in fish culture. These would trim down incidence of parasitic infection, possible financial loss and poor aesthetic value of parasitized fish.

[Inyang-Etoh, A., George, U. Parasitic Incidence in Cultured Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Collected from Homestead Concrete Pond in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):7-11]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.02.

Keywords: Parasites, Incidence, Cultured Clarias garieinus, Homestead Concrete Pond, Akwa Ibom.

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Comparative Study between an Ultrasound-Guided Techniqueversus Landmark-Guided Technique for Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation in end stage renal disease with regular dialysis who exposed to previous cannulations

Ahmed Hamdy Abdelrahman¹, Ahmed Maher Mohamed², Tarek S.Essawy³, Yousry Elsaied Rizk⁴, Mohamed Ahmed Elassal⁵

¹Department of anesthesia and intensive care, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Egypt

²Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Egypt

³Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Egypt

⁴Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Egypt

⁵Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Egypt

ahmedleroi2@gmail.com

Abstract: Central venous cannulation is a commonly used procedure in anesthesia and critical care medicine. The aim of this study was to illustrate which is better in IJV catheterization ultrasound or conventional landmark method. Methods of this study was performed on 20 patients by ultrasound and another 20 patients by land mark method. Results of study reveal better success by ultrasound by90% and in land mark 50% and lesser complications by 35% for ultrasound and 70% for landmark method. The conclusion is that using US reduces the c0mplications rate and provides high success rate, gurantees short duration of the procedure.

[Ahmed Hamdy Abdelrahman, Ahmed Maher Mohamed, Tarek S.Essawy, Yousry Elsaied Rizk, Mohamed Ahmed Elassal. Comparative Study between an Ultrasound-Guided Techniqueversus Landmark-Guided Technique for Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation in end stage renal disease with regular dialysis who exposed to previous cannulations. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):12-15]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.03.

Keywords: jugular vein cannulation; Central venous catheter; ultrasound; anatomical land mark

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Histological changes in the parotid gland in ovariectomized rats and the possible protective role of estrogen and vitamin E: histomorphometric and ultrastructural study.

Soheir H. El Sharouny, Ayman A. Rizk, Maha K. Abd-Elwahed and Yasmeen. E. Mohammed

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.

rms02@fayoum.edu.eg

Abstract: Many women undergo hormonal replacement therapy to relieve menopausal symptoms. Oral discomfort is a common symptom in these women and may be documented as one of the systemic manifestations of menopause. This work aimed to study the histological changes in the parotid gland in ovariectomized adult female albino rats and the possible protective role of estrogen and vitamin E against such changes. Forty five adult sexually mature female albino rats were used in the present study. The rats were divided into four groups as follows: group I (normal and sham control), group II (overiectomized group), Group III (Estrogen treated group) treated with 17β estradiol valerate; 1 mg/kg/daily for 12 weeks and Group IV (Estrogen and vitamin E treated group); treated with estrogen (1 mg/kg/day orally) +vitamin E (400 mg/kg orally) daily for 12 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, parotid glands were extracted from all rats and stained with H & E, Masson's trichrome and PAS stains. Electron microscopic examination of the parotid specimens was done. The percentage area of collagen fibers, PAS optical density and the percentage area of damaged acini were measured. Morphometric results were statistically analyzed. Examination of parotid in group II showed different forms of degenerative changes. The acini appeared irregular and lined with some apoptotic cells. Their cytoplasm contained extensive vacuolations. Homogenous acidophilic material, cellular infiltration within thick connective tissue septa, dilated ducts with stratification in their lining and congestion of blood vessels were also seen. Ultrastructurally, rarified dilated RER, electron dense and lucent granules were also seen. Estrogen replacement improved the histological changes in group III and vitamin E supplementation with Estrogen in group IV produced marked improvement in the degenerative changes occurred in the parotid gland in group II. Results obtained in this study concluded that estrogen deficiency in led to variable degenerative changes in parotid salivary glands of adult female albino rats with relative limitation of these changes in estrogen supplemented group and marked improvement in these changes with supplementation of vitamin E and Estrogen.

[Soheir H. El Sharouny, Ayman A. Rizk, Maha K. Abd-Elwahed and Yasmeen. E. Mohammed. Histological changes in the parotid gland in ovariectomized rats and the possible protective role of estrogen and vitamin E: histomorphometric and ultrastructural study. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):16-22]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.04.

Keywords: Parotid gland, ovariectomy, estrogen, vitamin E.

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The Relationship between Macrovascular Complications and Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Prof. Dr. Youseff khalil Ahmed¹, Prof. Dr. Mahmoud Eid Mahmoud¹, Prof. Dr. Mousa Anter Hussein¹,

Prof. Dr. Abd EL Aziz Ahmad Aun², Dr. Mohamed Abdel Hamid Kidr³ and Mohamed Gomma Rizk El Lakany¹

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

² Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Egypt.

³ Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Egypt.

sanydodo@yahoo.com

Abstract: The presence of hyperglycemia in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with systemic complications within multiple organ systems. Specifically, patients with T2DM have an increased risk of developing macrovascular complications. Interestingly, patients with T2DM are often found to be deficient in vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin that not only plays a role in bone growth and gastrointestinal nutrient absorption, but insulin resistance as well. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the literature that associates vitamin D deficiencies with macrovascular complications patients with T2DM. This review will also summarize developments in genetic testing for VDR mutations and their potential role in diabetes progression, as well as the effects of vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM.

[Youseff khalil Ahmed, Mahmoud Eid Mahmoud, Mousa Anter Hussein, Abd EL Aziz Ahmad Aun, Mohamed Abdel Hamid Kidr and Mohamed Gomma Rizk El Lakany. The Relationship between Macrovascular Complications and Vitamin D Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):23-31]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.05.

Keywords: relationship; macrovascular; complication; Vitamin D; Deficiency; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Comparative Study between Total and Subtotal Thyroidectomy in Benign Multi Nodular Goiter: Outcome and complications

Ragheb Ahmed Ragheb, Mohamed Aboulfotouh A. Massoud, Islam Mohamed

Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Zahraa Hospital, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: The surgical treatment of benign thyroid disease is still controversial, although many surgical subspecialties have developed, each have many angles and views. Many treatment modalities have been advocated for the surgical management of multinodular goiter, there are several methods for thyroid gland operation such as subtotal thyroidectomy (STT), near-total thyroidectomy (NTT), hemi-thyroidectomy plus subtotal resection (Dunhill procedure) and total thyroidectomy (TT), nevertheless clarity is missing regarding the safest and best option for the patients on a longer perspective. Objective: To compare between total thyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy in simple multinodular goiter as regard achievable benefits of the procedures and complications. Patients and methods: A prospective comparative study was carried out on 50 patients with benign simple multinodular goiter. Two types of surgical procedures were performed: total and subtotal thyroidectomy. Results: The study included 50 patients operated for benign multinodular goiter. 25 patients underwent total thyroidectomyand the other 25 patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. In this study, no recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries occurred for patients in both groups. One patient (4%) from the total thyroidectomy group developed a complication of external laryngeal nerve injury compared with no patients (0%) in the subtotal thyroidectomy group. Also, in this study, two patients (8%) in the total thyroidectomy group developed complications of transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. No permenant hypocalaemia in either group. The incidence of incidental carcinoma in total thyroidectomy group was in one (4%) patient and in one (4%) patient also in subtotal thyroidectomy group. Conclusion: Total thyroidectomy is a safe procedure, with low postoperative complications.

[Ragheb Ahmed Ragheb, Mohamed Aboulfotouh A. Massoud, Islam Mohamed. Comparative Study between Total and Subtotal Thyroidectomy in Benign Multi Nodular Goiter: Outcome and complications. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):32-37]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.06.

Keywords: Comparative Study; Thyroidectomy; Benign Multi Nodular Goiter; Outcome and complications

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Study of regulatory T – cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis

M. Nabil Rafat¹, Abdelwahab Lotfy¹, Mamdouh Attia², Mahmoud Hadad¹, Farag Khalil¹and Marwan Sayed¹.

¹Internal Medicine, El Hussein University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Al–Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

²Clinical Pathology, El Hussein University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Al–Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

marwanahmed@azhar.edu.eg

Abstract: Aim of the work: To investigate the frequency of FoxP3⁺CD4⁺CD25^+high cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and methods: twenty-five SLE patients (15 patients with active SLE, 10 patients with inactive SLE), twenty- five RA patients (15 patients with active RA,10 patients with inactive RA). and 10 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Patients underwent clinical and laboratory assessment. The frequency of Tregs was determined by flowcytometry. Results: FoxP3⁺CD4⁺CD25^+highcells (as a percent of total CD4 cells) was significantly lower in SLE and RA patients when compared to healthy controls. Also, active SLE and RA patients showed significant lower Tregs percent when compared to inactive groups.

[M. Nabil Rafat, Abdelwahab Lotfy, Mamdouh Attia, Mahmoud Hadad, Farag Khalil and Marwan Sayed. Study of regulatory T – cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):38-48]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.07.

Key wards: Tregs, FoxP3, SLE and RA.

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Lunar Cycle And Bonga Gill Net Fishery In Inshore Atlantic, Off Ibaka, Nigeria

Eyo Ambrose and Happiness Rankin

Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management, University of Uyo, PMB 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Correspondence: eyoambrose@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sea fishing experiments were conducted with monofilament gill net in the inshore Atlantic off Ibaka, Nigeria with a view to finding; a favourable time during the monthly moon cycle to embark on profitable bonga fishing expedition; catch per unit effort of bonga gill net fishing and haul-to-haul variability in the landing of bonga by four boats. Daily fishing was done for six months at depth ranging from 10-20m by three men fishing crew, each in four boats powered by 15 horse power out board engine on an established fishing ground. The result showed that eight species of fishes were caught by the net weighing 22601.08kg out of which the target species bonga, Ethmalosa fimbriata was 22556.48kg representing 99.8%. Analysis of variance indicated that the weight of fish caught were significantly different (F-test < 0.05; 0.01) at the various moon phases of new moon/moonless, crescent, half and full moon. The highest weight of 10202.47kg of bonga was caught at new moon/moonless period, while the least weight of bonga (1995.71kg) was caught during full moon. The highest CPUE of 3400.82kg/man was obtained at new moon/moonless period and the least (665.24kg/man) was obtained during full moon. This showed that bonga gill net fishing is more profitable during moonless night. The mean weight of bonga caught by the four boats was 10712.38±155.76kg. The coefficient of variability was computed to be 1.45% showing high degree of uniformity in weight of bonga caught by the four boats. The differences in bonga landings at each temporal scale is discussed in terms of the position of the moon, sun and earth at neap tide and spring tide and the tidal forces generated which pull or repel ocean water for fish to concentrate or disperse for capture. It is recommended that a long term (2-5years) research should be commissioned to study the effect of natural phenomenon (tide, moon phase, current, wave, weather and climate) on artisanal fisheries which is more vulnerable to these factors than industrial fisheries.

[Eyo Ambrose and Happiness Rankin. Lunar Cycle And Bonga Gill Net Fishery In Inshore Atlantic, Off Ibaka, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):49-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.08.

Key words: Moon cycle, Bonga, Gill net, Atlantic, Nigeria

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Role of Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice

Aglal A. Alzergy¹; Mabruka S. Sitmo² and Sofia, S. Hazawy¹

¹Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Omar Al Mukhtar University, AL Bayda, Libya.

²Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Omar Al Mukhtar University, AL Bayda, Libya.

aglalalzergy@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the beneficial effect of Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) against harmful effects and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in albino mice. Healthy male albino mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 10 per group). The first group was considered as a control and received only distilled water, the second group was injected (i.m.) with gentamicin at dose level 80 mg/kg bw for a week, third group received orally aqueous extract of P. crispum only at dose level 40 mg/kg bw, while animals of the fourth group received aqueous extract of P. crispum and gentamicin. Blood samples were collected for assessment some biochemical markers of kidney functions (Urea, creatinine and total protein ). The specimens of kidney were processed for histological study by light microscopy. No changes in biochemical marker was recorded in mice treated with aqueous extract of P. crispum. Intramuscular injection with gentamicin only caused an increase in the serum marker of kidney function comparing to control group. While, administration of P. crispum with gentamicin induced obvious ameliorating changes in all tested parameters and restored creatinine concentrations to nearly normal level. Examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of mice treated orally with aqueous extract of P. crispum only showed normal architectural of kidney. While, marked glomerular and renal tubules lesions with congestion and dilation blood vessels as well as hemorrhage within interstitial tissue were noticed in kidney histological sections of gentamicin only treated group. Our results clearly demonstrate that oral administration of aqueous extract of P. crispum was accompanied by an improvement in the kidney tissue of mice injected with gentamicin. It is concluded that treatment with gentamicin for a week has harmful effects on the renal tissue of mice and consumption of aqueous extract of P.crispum should be recommended to lessened nephrotoxicity of gentamicin.

[Aglal A. Alzergy; Mabruka S. Sitmo and Sofia, S. Hazawy. Role of Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):55-74]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.09.

Key words: Gentamicin, Petroselinum crispum, biochemical marker and histopathological kidney mice

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Prenatal and Postnatal Development of the Adrenal Gland of Albino Rats: Light and Electron Microscopic Study

Rabee Fatthall Ali Ibrahim, Prof. Dr. Saadia Ahmad Shalaby, Prof. Dr. Essam Mohammed El-Syed Eid, Dr. Omar Abdulaziz Allam, Dr. Ali Mohamed Ali

Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt. rabeefatahalla@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: The dexamethasone (Dx) is a synthetic glucocorticoid that cross the placenta especially in the late pregnancy and affects the development and maturation of most of the fetal organs. And thus, the Dx is widely used drug in premature labor to enhance development of the fetal lung surfactant, decreasing the postnatal mortality from respiratory death syndrome. This study was carried out to This work was amid to investigate the effects of dexamethasone injected subcutaneously to pregnant mother in late pregnancy, on the development of suprarenal gland. Both in the fetuses aged 20 days of gestation and n rats pups aged 14 days postnatally. Material & Methods: Thirty-Six Adult (24 female and 12 male) albino rats, ranged in weight between 200-250 gm, used in this study. The pregnant rats were divided into two main groups: 1- Control group: 12 pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously with 0.3 ml of (0.9%) saline on the day 16, and 1.0ml of (0.9%) saline on day17 of pregnancy. 2- Experimental group: 12 pregnant rats were injected subcutaneously on day 16 with Dx, 1.5 mg/kg body weight and 0.5 mg/kg body weight on day 17 of pregnancy. Scarifications occur on the prenatal day 20 of gestation to the pregnant rats (6 rats from each group) and 14^th days after birth to rat pups. The adrenal glands specimens were prepared for light and electron microscopic examinations. Results: In the present study, by 20 days, there were relative increase thickness of Capsule, cortex and medulla, more demarcation between the cortex and medulla than the previous age. DZ cells arranged in groups underneath the capsule with appearance of dark and light cells. The FZ cells arranged in irregular cords with blood sinusoids in between. Vacuolated cytoplasm is common within the cells of this zona. The adrenocortical cells represented more lipid and mitochondrial contents than the previous ages but still the FZ cells show increase the lipid and mitochondrial contents than that of DZ. The treated groups showed decrease the collagenous contents of the capsule and the stroma connective tissue with increase the connective tissue cells poor demarcation between the cortex and medulla with random distribution of the adrenocortical cells within both Dz and FZ with ill differentiation between both zones. Appearance of microcyst like spaces and eosinophilic masses within the FZ. Dark and light cell appearance with predominance of the dark cells. The medullary cells arranged in groups in relation to the blood sinusoids. Profile of degenerated cells affecting both DZ and FZ cells, the degeneration profile includes cyst-like vesicles of degenerated endoplasmic reticulum, degenerated mitochondria, few lipid droplets and myelin like figures. In the present study by 14 days after birth, the control groups showed a well-developed an outer connective tissue capsule. The connective tissue fibers are well formed within the capsule and around the parenchymatous blood vessels. The cortex is formed of three concentric zones: Zg, Zf and Zr. There is increase in the thickness of all zones in comparison with the previous ages. The outer Zg is formed polygonal cells with darkly stained nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm. The cells arranged either in globules and arches. Zf is the largest of the three zones its cells are arranged in parallel cords with blood sinusoids in between. The Zr is the smallest zone; its cells are arranged in reticular pattern. The medulla is distinct and apparently more developed than the previous ages. The medullary cells are small eosinophilic cells with vesicular nuclei with dark and light cell affinity. It is rich in blood vessels and sinusoids. Zg cells lipid droplets are many, and multiple mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Zf cells are larger than that of the Zg with multiple lipid droplets and mitochondria. In the treated group: the cells of Zf showed few lipid droplets containing myelin figurers and multiple number of mitochondria. Conclusion: these results are very helpful for clinician deal with the adrenal gland diseases and those who deal with premature deliveries.

[Rabee Fatthall Ali Ibrahim, Saadia Ahmad Shalaby, Essam Mohammed El-Syed Eid, Omar Abdulaziz Allam, Ali Mohamed Ali. Prenatal and Postnatal Development of the Adrenal Gland of Albino Rats: Light and Electron Microscopic Study. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):75-84]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.10.

Keywords: development, adrenal gland, Dexamethasone, premature deliveries.

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Comparative Study between Metformine and Vitamine "D" In Management of Insulin Resistance in Type II Gestational Diabetes

Madiha M. Hanafy, Lamyaa M. Yousry, Rania F. Okasha

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls) Al Azhar University

Rania_wasef@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Traditionally, insulin has been the gold standard in the management of Type 2 gestational diabetes. However, insulin therapy can be inconvenient, This has led to the exploration of oral hypoglycemic agents as an alternative to insulin therapy, the use of insulin sensitizing agents like metformin and vitamin D in pregnant women is still controversial, therefore, this study aims to examine the efficiency and safety of metformin and vitamin D and comparing the effects of these drug son maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: Setting: Alzahraa university hospital This is prospective intervention clinical study, including 60 pregnant women with type II diabetes mellitus in the period between January 2016 to January 2018. Patients were divided into 3 groups Group A: who was prescribed vitamin D therapy. Group B: who was prescribed metformin therapy, Group C: who was prescribed insulin therapy after failure of vitamin D or metformin. Results: This study detected that there is good control of blood surgar in group A, this was shown in the form of improvement in fasting blood glucose, in post prandial blood glucose level, fasting serum insulin (FI), HbA1C and fasting glucose/insulin ratio (G/I ) with p-value <0.001. Also good control of blood surgars in group B, this shown in the form of improvement in fasting sugars, in post prandial blood sugars level, HbA1C and G/I ratio with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: Metformin and vitamin D supplementations are effective in management of pregnant women with type II GDM and should be recommended in management of gestational diabetes prior to insulin.

[Madiha M. Hanafy, Lamyaa M. Yousry, Rania F. Okasha. Comparative Study between Metformine and Vitamine "D" In Management of Insulin Resistance in Type II Gestational Diabetes. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):85-89]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.11.

Keywords: Comparative; Study; Metformine; Vitamine; Insulin Resistance; Gestational Diabetes

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The Role of Mid-Trimester Ultrasound Fetal Liver Length Measurement in Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Asmaa Mahmoud Abd Elwahab, Mona Elsayed Alkafrawy and Amal Mahmoud Abd Elghany

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls) – Al Azhar University

Amalothman1115@gmail.com

Abstract: Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a preventable leading cause to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes but globally agreed diagnostic criteria remain inconclusive, so Identification of women with GDM is important, as treatment reduces the adverse outcomes. Aim of the work: Assess the relation between mid -trimester ultrasound measurement of fetal liver length (FLL) in the screening of GDM in high-risk population of pregnant women. Patient and methods: A total of 150 with singleton pregnancies with high risk factor (s) to develop GDM underwent sonographic examination at 20–24 weeks with FLL measurement and correlate this finding by results of 2 hours 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) which was done at 24-28 weeks gestation. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 16% in the studied population, the maternal age, body mass index (BMI) and past history of GDM were significant risk factors. The mean FLL in GDM was significantly higher than in healthy women (36.55 vs 33.93 mm, respectively; P<0.001). Liver enlargement was related to maternal fasting glucose levels not 1^st or 2^nd hour glucose level. Conclusion: The present study demonstrate increased ultrasound FLL measurement and development of GDM. Key words: gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal liver, OGTT, risk factors. List of abbreviation: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), fetal liver length (FLL). oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), body mass index (BMI) IUFD (intra-uterine fetal death).

[Asmaa Mahmoud Abd Elwahab, Mona Elsayed Alkafrawy and Amal Mahmoud Abd Elghany. The Role of Mid-Trimester Ultrasound Fetal Liver Length Measurement in Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):90-94]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.12.

Keywords: Role; Mid-Trimester Ultrasound; Fetal; Liver; Length; Measurement; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Protective role of Moringa Leaf Extract against Cyclophosphamide Induced Anemia in rats

Maha A. Hijaziand Hanan A. Jambi

Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.
mhijazi@kau.edu.sa

Abstract: The effect of Moringa leaf extract on the albino rats induced anemia by cyclophosphamide was investigated. Thirty five Albino rats weighing 180-200g were used. Groups B, C, D and E were injected with cyclophosphamide to induce anemia in the mice, while group A served as a normal control without anemia and treated with 0.5ml of normal saline, Group B served as the positive control rat with anemia and was treated with 0.5ml of normal saline, Group C rat with anemia and was treated with 50 mg/kg body weight of moringa leaf extract, Group D mice with anemia and was treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of moringa leaf extract. Group E mice with anemia and was treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of moringa leaf extract. The feeding lasted for three weeks. The results of this research revealed an increase in the levels of White Blood Cell (WBC), Bilirubin and a lower in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) caused by cyclophosphamide compared to control samples. The increase in the White Blood Cell is attributed to stimulation of the resistant systemresponse brought about by using the induced by the cyclophosphamide; there was also an indicator of anemia and hemolysis in the blood of the experimental mice. After 21 days of oral intake of 50, 100 and 200mg /kg body weight moringa leaf extract there was clearly reduction in white blood cells and bilirubin levels, with a corresponding increase on packed cell volume and hemoglobin.
[Maha A. Hijaziand Hanan A. Jambi. Protective role of Moringa Leaf Extract against Cyclophosphamide Induced Anemia in rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):95-99]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.13.

Keywords: Moringa leaf extract, anemia, cyclophosphamide, hematology.

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Comparative Study between Combined Metformin - Clomiphene Citrate and Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. A randomized controlled trial

Mohammed Abd El-Razik Ramadan, Ahmed Walid Anwar Morad, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed and Aziza Negm

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
Aziza.negm@fmed.bu.edu.eg, azizanegm25@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aim: To compare the hormonal-metabolic profiles LH, FSH, Fasting Glucose, Fasting Insulin, Serum testosterone level and reproductive outcomes between women receiving metformin and clomiphene and those undergoing bilateral ovarian drilling in clomiphene citrate resistant women. Methods: The study included 160 infertile women diagnosed were randomized into two groups; group 1 (80 women) were subjected to Metformin850 mg twice daily and Clomiphene Citrate 100 mg daily for 5 days starting from the third day of spontaneous or induced menses. Group 2 included (80women) were subjected to bilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the rates of ovulation (57.8 vs. 60.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively with p value = 0.495) and pregnancy (13.7% 12.1% respectively; P =0.55). There was no significant difference in the first trimester miscarriage rate between both groups. This study showed that, PCOS patients benefit from metformin treatment with regard to hyperandrogenism. The current study showed a significant decrease in the levels of LH in drilling group. Conclusions: The current study showed that LOD and CC plus metformin seem to be two effective approaches to the treatment of patients with CC-resistant PCOS. In view of the invasiveness and cost of surgery, Metformin plus CC should be considered as the best second-line treatment to induce ovulation in patient with CC-resistant PCOS, LOD may still be considered a further valid strategy, specifically in the case of anovulatory patients.
[Mohammed Abd El-Razik Ramadan, Ahmed Walid Anwar Morad, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed and Aziza Negm. Comparative Study between Combined Metformin - Clomiphene Citrate and Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling in Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):100-104]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.14.

Keywords: Comparative Study; Combined Metformin; Clomiphene Citrate; Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovarian; Drilling; Clomiphene Citrate; Resistant; Infertile; Women

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Hypolipidemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Artemisia and Lepidiumsativum, Alcoholic Extracts in Male Rats

Maha A. Hijazi

Food and Nutrition Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: The study aimed to examine the impact of oral gavage of Artemisia and Lepidiumsativum alcoholic extracts on serum levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, lipids profile and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats. Sixty male adult rats divided into six equal groups. Group (1) negative control (NC), while the other five groups were fed on high fat and high cholesterol diet for four weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, then injected with alloxan (150 mg/Kg b. wt) as a single dose, subcutaneously to induce experimental diabetes. Group (2) positive control (PC), while groups (3- 6) were orally administered Artemisia extract and Lepidiumsativum extract in doses of hundred and two hundred mg/kg., respectively, once daily during experimental period. After 28 days all rats were sacrificed. Antioxidant enzymes were determined in liver homogenate tissues while the other tested parameters were determined in blood serum. The results illustrated that the high dose of Artemisia and Lepidiumsativum extracts significantly decreased serum insulin hormone, glucose, leptin, TC, TG, LDL and VLDL compared to CP. While the high dose of both extracts increased antioxidant enzymes activity and HDL-c. Conclusively, alcoholic extracts of Artemisia and Lepidiumsativum at the high dose had the best effects. This study recommended that alcoholic extracts of Artemisia and Lepidiumsativum are useful for patients who suffer from hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.
[Maha A. Hijazi. Hypolipidemic and Hypocholesterolemic Effects of Artemisia and Lepidiumsativum, Alcoholic Extracts in Male Rats. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):105-110]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.15.

Key words: Artemisia- lepidiumsativum- Hypercholesterolemia- Diabetes-Rats

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Evaluation of Results 0f Tympanoplasty versus Tympanostomy Tube Insertion in Cases of Bilateral Adhesive Otitis Media

Prof. Dr. Wafaie. A. R. M. Mourad, Prof. Dr. Salah Elddin Saeed Mohammed, Prof. Dr. Abdel-Hamid Mohammed Abdel-Mottaleb, Elsayed Hussein Ghazy Hussein

Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
sayedghazy@domazhermedicine.edu.eg and dr_sayedghazyorl@gmail.com

Abstract- Objective: There is no consensus among clinicians regarding the best treatment strategy for adhesive otitis media (AdOM). It is common practice to only intervene in the presence of recurrent infections or significant conductive hearing loss. In an attempt to provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of surgical intervention, we have analyzed the outcome of surgical intervention in cases of bilateral AdOM by doing tympanoplasty in one ear and tympanostomy with T-Tube insertion in the other ear.Patients and methods: Prospective comparative study. This study was conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Al-Azhar university Hospital (New Damietta), From June 2014 till June 2017. This study was conducted on 30 patients with bilateral adhesive otitis media (60 ears) All patients are diagnosed as stage II (16 patient; 32 ears) or III (14 patients; 28 ears) according to classification of Bluestone [1]. All 30 patients (60 ears) underwent T- tube insertion in one ear and tympanoplasty using cartilage graft in the other ear in the same sitting.Results: This study was conducted on 30 patients (60 ears): 18 patients (36 ears) were males (60%) and 12 patients (24 ears) were females (40%) their age ranged from 10 to 50 years with mean 26.86 years and standard deviation 11.83 years; the median age was 31 years. As regard to postoperative air-bone gap, it was ranged from 3 to 25 dB; and there was significant improvement (decreased air bone gap) in tympanoplasty when compared to TT (7.76±1.63 vs 17.20±5.76) respectively) (p<0.001). In TT, there was statistically significant decrease of air-bone gap postoperatively when compared to corresponding preoperative values (10.7±3.1 vs 28.4±4.9 respectively). In addition, in tympanoplasty, there was statistically significant decrease of air-bone gap postoperatively when compared to corresponding preoperative values (7.76±1.63 vs 28.6±5.3 respectively) (p<0.001).Conclusion: Tympanoplasty is more effective than T-tube in treatment of adhesive otitis media in the short term follow up. However, results cannot be generalized due to study limitations.
[Wafaie. A. R. M. Mourad, Salah Elddin Saeed Mohammed, Abdel-Hamid Mohammed Abdel-mottaleb, Elsayed Hussein Ghazy Hussein. Evaluation of Results 0f Tympanoplasty versus Tympanostomy Tube Insertion in Cases of Bilateral Adhesive Otitis Media. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):111-119]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.17.

Key words: Ossicles, Adhesive otitis media, cholesteatoma, hearing loss, Eustachian tube, Tympanoplasty, Tympanostomy, T-Tube

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Liver integrity during experimental  Schistosoma mansoni infection and treatment with RO 15-5458 in C57BL/6 mice

Sherif H. Abdeen,Gamal M. Edrees and  Noureen Y. El-Ashry

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

nourenangle@yahoo.com

Abstract: Chemotherapeutic treatment against schistosomiasis is the effective available option for infection control. In an attempt to further investigate the effect of RO 15-5458 in treatment of schistosomiasis, 6 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice were infected three times with 60 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae divided into 3 equal doses and given at 6 weeks intervals apart. While, treatment was carried out using 100 mg/kg Ro 15-5458 (Ro) administered orally at day 6 of each infection (treated group; T). Control mice included: naive (N) receive no infection or treatment, infected three times without treatment group (re-infection; R) and a group infected once without treatment(prolonged infection; P). Five mice from each group were sacrificed at week 6, 12 and 18 post initial infections. Sera and Livers were collected at each time point. Livers were subjected to Real time (PCR) of ALT and AST expression. Sera were subjected to Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST),Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin and total protein investigation. AST activity, ALT and AST gene expression all significantly decreased during week 6, 12 and 18 post initial infections compared to (N).ALT gene expression at week 6 of (R) and week 6, 12 of (P) group are non-significantly changed. On the other hand, ALT activity, bilirubin, LDH, total protein significantly increasedin all tested groups at all-time points. (P) group of total protein and (T) group of LDH, where non-significant increase were noted. In conclusion, RO treatment has reduced liver damage which is the main goal of anti-pathology vaccine.

[Sherif H. Abdeen,Gamal M. Edrees and Noureen Y. El-Ashry. Liver integrity during experimental  Schistosoma mansoni infection and treatment with RO 15-5458 in C57BL/6 mice] Nat Sci 2018;16(5):120-129]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.17.

Key words: schistosomiasis, RO-15-5458, liver function tests.

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Integration of Well Logs and Seismic Data for Development of RasKanayes Field, North Western Desert, Egypt

El-Masry M.M.I.¹, Shendi El.H.¹, Afify W.² and Beshta S.M.²

¹Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

²Khalda Petroleum Company, Cairo, Egypt

Samy.Beshta@khalda-eg

Abstract: The Upper Safa sandstone forms an important hydrocarbon reservoir in the RasKanayes field, North Western Desert of Egypt. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the effect of Upper Safa reservoir petrophysical characteristics and subsurface structures on the development of RasKanayes field, through the intensive integration between seismic and petrophysical analyses. The seismic interpretation shows that the structure of Upper Safa reservoir, as indicated by seismic sections, forms a tilted- fault block separating the area into two compartments. The first one is considered the main structure in the RasKanayes field, and is represented by faulted, four-way dip closure bounded by a series of normal faults. The second is located to the east of the study area, and extends in the NNE-SSW fault - trending structure. Four well logs have been analyzed and mapped, using the Petrel and Interactive Petrophysics (IP) softwares, to determine the lithological constituents and fluid saturations of the Upper Safa reservoir. Maps and cross sections, from seismic and well logging data, were used to explain the impact of geological structure in the development of the study area. RasKanayes field has high porosity and hydrocarbon saturation values due to the extensive fracturing in the field caused by faulting and folding. This was supported by the high structural position, good porosity, low shale content, low water saturation and a high percentage of hydrocarbon saturation. This encourages drilling more development and exploratory wells in northeast and central parts of the study area to enhance productivity in the RasKanayes gas-condensate field. Consequently, integrating geological structures and accurate petrophysical evaluation of an area leads to successful development.

[El-Masry M.M.I., Shendi El.H., Afify W. and Beshta S.M. Integration of Well Logs and Seismic Data for Development of RasKanayes Field, North Western Desert, Egypt. Nat Sci 2018;16(5):130-139]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj160518.18.

Keywords: Seismic Interpretation, Well Logging Analysis, Reservoir Characteristics, Matruh Basin, Safa Formation, RasKanayes Field, North Western Desert.

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