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Assessment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Lupus Patients

Hesham Eldosoky Abd Elwahab¹; Saad Mahmoud Alzokm¹; Sarah Yahia Saad¹ Mostafa Mohammed Shakweer ²; and Mohamed Sayed Bashandy³.

¹Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Radiodiagnostic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

³Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

sarah.yahia1186@gmail.com

Abstract: Aim of the work: The aim of the present study was to assess the cardiovascular diseases in SLE patients. Patients and methods: This is a cross sectional study of a total 50 SLE patients (44 females and 6 males), aged between20-40 with confirmed diagnosis of SLE based on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for diagnosis of SLE were recruited from September 2016 to February 2017. Patients were collected from outpatient and inpatient of Rheumatology and Cardiology departments. The examination and investigations were performed at the Rheumatology, Cardiology and Radiology departments, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, and New Damietta. All participants were examined by: resting 12 leads ECG, exercise ECG, echocardiography and carotid duplex. Results: Forty percent (n=20) of patients had cardiovascular manifestations while 60% of them did not develop cardiovascular manifestations at the time of enrollment in the study. Pericardial involvement was present in 10 patients (20%) (3 Pericarditis and 7 pericardial effusions). Valvular affection was detected in 10 patients (20%). Mitral regurge was present in 6 patients (12%), tricuspid regurge in 4 patients (8%). Aortic valve affection was not found in our patients. Mitral regurgitation was much more common than stenosis which was shown in 6 patients (12 %) and 0 patients (0%) respectively. Left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 9 patients (18%). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 3 patients (6%). Eleven patients (22%) had up sloping ST segment depression in inferolateral leads (which is considered non-significant changes) while the others had normal stress test. As regard disease activity, 20 patients (40%) had mild activity, 18 patients (36%) had moderate activity, and 12 patients (24%) had severe activity. The results of the current study also revealed that the systemic lupus erethromatosus disease activity index (SLEDAI score) is significantly higher in SLE patients with cardiovascular manifestations than those without cardiovascular manifestations. The results of the current study also revealed that the disease duration is significantly longer in SLE patients with cardiovascular manifestations than those without cardiovascular manifestations. Vascular affection was found in the form of atherosclerotic plaque in 2 (4%) patients, the elevated intima-media thickness was found in 12 (24%) patients. Conclusion: Cardiovascular manifestations are common in SLE patients (40% of the patients). SLEDAI score is significantly higher in SLE patients with cardiovascular manifestations than those without cardiovascular manifestations. The disease duration is significantly longer in SLE patients with cardiovascular manifestations than those without cardiovascular manifestations.

[Hesham Eldosoky Abd Elwahab; Saad Mahmoud Alzokm; Sarah Yahia Saad  Mostafa Mohammed Shakweer; and Mohamed Sayed Bashandy. Assessment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Lupus Patients. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):1-8]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.01.

Keywords: Systemic lupus erethromatosus: Cardiovascular disease

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The Removal Of Some Organic Colourants In Aqueous Solutions Using Biomass And Activated Carbon Of Nipa Palm Fruit Fibre

Obosi, Ekemini, J., Osu, Charles I and Horsfall JNR, M.

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt. P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

charsike@yahoo.com

Abstract: The removal of Bromophenol blue (BP), Congo red (CR) and Methyl Orange (MO) by biomass and carbonized carbon of nipa palm fruit fibre was investigated in the present study. Adsorption studies were carried out by batch experiments. The effect of initial colourant concentration and adsorbent dosage was explored. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The maximum percentage of colorant reduction using nipa palm fruit fibre biomass (NFB) was obtained at an optimum dose of 4.0 g removing 83.35% of BP from aqueous solution and at 5.0 g for MO and CR removing 49.50% and 44.69% respectively whereas adsorbent dosage using nipa palm fruit carbon (NFC) was quite poor in terms of percent removal of colourants. Using the correlation coefficient values, the data for nipa fruit biomass was fitted well to Freundlich model for CR and MO while the Langmuir model was best fit for BP, the data for fruit fibre carbon fitted well for CR, BP and MO confirming the monolayer coverage of the colourant on. The capability of these adsorbents to eliminate colourants from contaminated solutions makes them acceptable for colourant treatment from industrial effluent.

[Obosi, Ekemini, J., Osu, Charles I and Horsfall JNR, M. The Removal Of Some Organic Colourants In Aqueous Solutions Using Biomass And Activated Carbon Of Nipa Palm Fruit Fibre. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):9-14]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.02.

Keywords: Organic colorants nipa palm COD method

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Identification of entry point and action for multi-stakeholder Feed Safety and Quality Innovation Partnership in the Capacity Development for Agricultural Innovation Systems

Getachew Asmare

National Innovation Facilitator (NIF), Capacity Development for Agricultural Innovation Systems (CDAIS), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Ethiopia

getasi97@gmail.com

Abstract: This paper draws on workshop data from Feed Safety and Quality Innovation partnership in Ethiopia within the context of Capacity Development for Agricultural Innovation Systems to investigate: (1) to identify entry point for multi-stakeholder partnership and action in Feed Safety and Quality Innovation; and (2) to identify and design a plan of action that guide Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) implementation. The purpose of agricultural innovation systems (AIS) thinking is to approach innovation from a systemic perspective by paying due attention to the way in which innovation emerges from a (complex) interactive dynamic, between a range of actors within particular social, economic, and environmental conditions. Such an approach is meant and expected to enhance the capacity to innovate and the ability to achieve more impact at scale, by enabling the creation of a more complete picture of the factors involved. Accordingly, the Feed Safety and Quality innovation partnership consists of wide range of interested stakeholders representing Government, private, associations, producers and farmers. Various tools and structured questionnaire developed for Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) were used to stimulate thinking and elicit information on the innovation capacity of stakeholders in the partnership. A number of direct and indirect challenges exist to animal feed sector in Ethiopia. Among inter alia partnership has selected and recognized the existing poor feed safety and quality situation the key problem experienced over the past years. Stakeholders of the Feed Safety and Quality innovation partnership consulted over the areas in which they thought agricultural innovation would be highly needed to address feed challenges prioritized legal framework for risk assessment, risk management and risk communication on feed safety and quality issues. The Feed Safety and Quality innovation partnership has aspired to collectively carry out in the mid-term to improve the legal framework for risk assessment, risk management and risk communication in order to achieve vibrant legal feed safety and assurance system built. To attain this goal, the main objective of the Feed Safety and Quality innovation partnership is to develop legal framework, guidelines, standards, strategic documents as appropriate on risk assessment, risk management and risk communication with the aim of ensuring the safety and quality of foods of animal origin. In addition, the partnership has formulated actions needed for fulfilling an innovation support plan. The Feed Safety and Quality innovation partnership believed that this action plan provides the basis for feed industry to become an important mechanism in the long-term struggle to fight hunger and reduce poverty in the country that fills an important gap in the current development arena.

[Getachew Asmare. Identification of entry point and action for multi-stakeholder Feed Safety and Quality Innovation Partnership in the Capacity Development for Agricultural Innovation Systems. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):15-23]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.03.

Key words: Agricultural Innovation Systems; Innovation support plan; legal framework; risk assessment; risk management; risk communication; feed safety and quality issues; vibrant legal feed safety and assurance system

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Emerge of multidrug resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Fatma Ibrahim Sonbol¹, Tarek El-said El-Banna¹, Elham T. Awad² and Hadeer Mohamed Abd El-Aziz³

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt

²Department of Microbiology, Shebien Shebien El Kom Teaching Hospital, Monofeya, Egypt

³Ministy of Health, Neurosurgery Hospital, El Kom, Monofeya, Egypt

hadeermohamedabdelaziz@gmail.com

Abstract: In this study, a total of 132 uropathogenic E.coli isolates were recovered from patients suffering from UTIs attending in Shebien El Kom Teaching Hospitals, and Monofeya University Hospitals from May 2014 till August 2016. All the isolates were identified based on their colonial characteristics on MacConkey's agar, Gram staining, conventional biochemical identification tests and Microbact ^TM12A identification system. The susceptibility of the recovered ceftazidime resistant E.coli isolates to 24 antibiotics was determined using disc diffusion method. Out of 132 tested isolates, 84(63.63%) exhibited multidrug resistant (MDR) character, 66 (50%) were extensive drug resistant (XDR) and there is no pandrug resistant (PDR) isolates. Resistance patterns were set for tested isolates which include 15 heterogeneous pattern. The isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index values ranged from 0.25 to 0.916. MAR index values of isolates were divided to four levels, low, moderate, high and sever high resist. Emerge of high and multidrug resistance among the bacterial pathogens leads to failure of drug therapy and increase the severity degree of outcome of infection according to high risk source of contamination, misused for antibiotics and control of antimicrobial use is not strictly followed by clinicians. So, ensure proper use of antimicrobials to preserve their efficacy and minimize the development of antimicrobial resistance.

[Fatma Ibrahim Sonbol, Tarek El-said El-Banna, Elham T. Awad  and Hadeer Mohamed Abd El-Aziz. Emerge of multidrug resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):24-34]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.04.

Keywords: UTI; Escherichia coli; MAR indeces; MDR; XDR; PDR

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Incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in uropathogenic Escherichia coli

Tarek El-said El-Banna¹, Fatma Ibrahim Sonbol¹, Elham T Awad² and Hadeer Mohamed Abd El-Aziz³

¹Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt

²Department of Microbiology, Shebien Shebien El Kom Teaching Hospital, Monofeya, Egypt

³Ministy of Health, Neurosurgery Hospital, El Kom, Monofeya, Egypt

hadeermohamedabdelaziz@gmail.com

Abstract: In the present study, a total of 259E.coli isolates were recovered from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. Resistance to ceftazidime were screened by using agar dilution technique (breakpoint method) which revealed that 132 of the isolates were ceftazidime resistant. Susceptibility testing of these E.coli isolates to other 16 beta-lactams by disc diffusion technique reveled that 100% of isolates were resistant to pipracillin (PRL), penicillin G (P). and cefazolin (CZ). In contrast, only 3(2.27%) isolates were resistant to imipenem. On the other hand, the resistance to other drugs was ranged from 12.12% to 84.09%. MICs for 3^rd and 4^th generation cephalosporins (Ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and cefipime) were determined by agar dilution technique, it was found that MICs of ceftazidime ranged from 16to 1024(µg/ml), cefotaxime ranged from 1 to 1024 (µg/ml), ceftriaxone ranged from 1 to 1024 (µg/ml) and cefipime ranged from 2 to 128 (µg/ml). A total of 106(80.30%), 72(54.54%), 82(62.12%) and 48(36.36%) of tested isolates had high level of resistance (≥64 µg/ml), (≥128 µg/ml), (≥128 µg/ml) and (≥64 µg/ml) to ceftazidime of, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and cefepime respectively. β-lactamase (s) production was investigated by iodometric overlay test, it was found that 110 (83.3%) of tested isolates were β-lactamase (s) producers. This indicated that other mechanisms were involved in the resistance to the tested β-lactams among the remaining 22 (16.6%) isolates. ESBLs activitywas observed phenotypically in 79 out of 110 (71.81%) by using double disc synergy test and combined disc method. The data obtained from multiplex PCR showed that only 22 out of phenotypically ESBL positive isolates harbored one or two of typical ESBLs genes, which21.51% were bla TEM, 2.53% were bla SHV and 3.79% were bla CTX-M. The variation in results which in tested isolates were positive for ESBL in the phenotypic test but were negative (57 isolates) in the PCR can be explained firstly according to the types of primers used, secondly by the probable presence of another variants of ESBLs from the TEM such as TEM-1, SHV such as SHV-1 and CTX-M or other ESBL families (cephalosporinases1 and/or carpabenemases) were involved which are not regarded as extended spectrum β-lactamases, presence of these enzymes lead to reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, that phenotypically ESBL production.

[Tarek El-said El-Banna, Fatma Ibrahim Sonbol, Elham T Awad  and Hadeer Mohamed Abd El-Aziz. Incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):35-46]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.05.

Keywords: UTI; ESBL; Escherichia coli; CTX-M; TEM; SHV genes.

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Corneal Endothelial Cells Changes after Cataract Extraction by Phacoemulsification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Islam M. Raafat Atawia*, Rabab M. El-Seht, Ahmed M. Ghoneim, Mohamed M. khater

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

islam-raafat@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: The functions of the cornea endothelium are to allow nutrients to pass to the outer layers of the cornea, and to prevent the stroma from being overloaded with water by pumping it into the aqueous. Aim: The purpose of the current work is to study the corneal endothelium cell changes induced by phacoemulsification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients and methods: 40 eyes of 40 patients were chosen from ophthalmology clinic at Tanta University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: Group (I): 20 eyes of 20 patients were taken from age groups 50-70 years, diagnosed with type II diabetes, and complicated cataract. Group (II): 20 eyes of 20 patients were taken from age matched groups and have senile cataract. Results: There was statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, central corneal thickness and hexagonality. Conclusions: Despite good glycemic control and no corneal abnormalities before surgery, the endothelium in diabetic subjects is more vulnerable to surgical trauma.

[Islam M. Raafat Atawia , Rabab M. El-Seht, Ahmed M. Ghoneim, Mohamed M. khater. Corneal Endothelial Cells Changes after Cataract Extraction by Phacoemulsification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):47-53]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.06.

Keywords: Cornea- Phacoemulsification - Diabetes.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Three Selected Sewage Drains Discharged into Western Ganga Canal within Haridwar city, India

B.D. Joshi, D.S. Malik, Sandeep Singh Rawat

Department of Zoology & Environmental Sciences, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar-249404

 ssrawat016@gmail.com

Abstract: In the present investigation, three sewage drains viz. those at Rishikul, Govind Puri, and Kassaban, were monitored for few selected physico-chemical parameters (Temperature, Turbidity, Acidity, Alkalinity Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, Hardness and Chlorides.), round the year during 2015-16, before these drain have their confluence with river Ganga canal, within Haridwar city. It was found that the Kassaban sewage drain was the most polluting among the three selected drains, which may be due to disposal of domestic waste - related to their specific life styles and comparatively poor socio-economic conditions of the people living in this area, as compared to other two locations. The DO value is recorded for this sewage drain is 16.83% and 25.24% lower in comparison to Rishikul and Govindpuri sewage drain respectively. Similarly chloride values were observed for sewage water at Kassaban was 11.09% and 24.35% higher in comparison to Rishikul and Govindpuri sewage values. Taking up the most sensitive and important parameter i.e. BOD of Kassaban sewage drain was found 6.40% higher as compared to Rishikul sewage drain and 16.38 % higher to Govindpuri sewage drain. Hence, it may be concluded from the present study that the high values of pollutants in sewage water makes it unfit, unsafe and not good enough for any purposes in Haridwar city.

[B.D. Joshi, D.S. Malik, Sandeep Singh Rawat. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Three Selected Sewage Drains Discharged into Western Ganga Canal within Haridwar city, India. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):54-61]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.07.

Keywords: Sewage drains, Pollution, Socio-economic and Kassaban

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The Mediating Role of Buddhist Patience in Linking the Dark Triad and Subjective Well-being

Wu Qiling¹, Li Tsingan², Mei Kongming², Hannah Dillard³, Xiaobing Tian⁴

¹Department of Foreign Languages and Literature, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

² Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

³ College of Arts & Sciences, and the Michael F. Price College of Business, The University of Oklahoma, USA

⁴Center for Science & Technology Talents, the Ministry of Science & Technology, Beijing 100045, China

estherwoo930101@163.com

Abstract: Previous studies on the relationship network between personality, coping, and well-being, were restricted almost only to the concepts and instruments proposed or constructed by Western psychologists. In 2017, Li Tsingan integrated the patience of Buddhism, one of the most important concepts in Eastern wisdom (Deng & Li, 2017), into the network. Based on the classical works of Buddhism, the patience of Buddhism is divided into three components: patience with a harsh world, patience with hostile people, and patience with abstruse books. By recruiting 650 middle school students from Beijing and Southwestern China as participants, and by employing the Questionnaire of Buddhist Patience constructed by Li Tsingan and his students (Deng & Li, 2017) as a primary research tool, the current study is intended to explore the relationships between Dark Triad, Buddhist patience, and subjective well-being (SWB) in the cultural background of China. The most prominent findings of the study are as follows: (1) Machiavellianism was correlated positively to patience with a harsh world, negatively to patience with hostile people, and to patience with abstruse books; (2) psychopathy can negatively predict the three dimensions of patience; (3) patience with hostile people was a mediator between Machiavellianism and negative affect, and a mediator between psychopathy and negative affect.

[Kharkwal G, Mehrotra P, Rawat YS. The Mediating Role of Buddhist Patience in Linking the Dark Triad and Subjective Well-being. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):62-68]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.08.

Keywords: Dark Triad; Buddhist patience; Subjective Well-being

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Effect of Ribavirin on the Testes of Adult Albino Rats (Light Microscopic Study)

Mohamed Abdel Hay Autifi, Elsayed Ahmed Abou Salem, Elsayed Abdel Rhman Abdel Hady And Amr Mohamed Younis

Medical Anatomy & Embryology Department – Faculty of Medicine – Al-Azhar University

Abstract: Background: Ribavirin is one of the approved antiviral drugs indicated for various viral infections. So it is used as a current therapy with interferon alpha for treatment of viral hepatitis C that affects 200 million patients worldwide. This treatment regimen is poorly tolerated because of its side effects and toxicity. The testis is a complex organ concerned with the production of sperms to fertilize the ova and secretion of androgen to maintain the secondary sexual characters and proper spermatogenesis. Objective: The present study was performed to assess ribavirin toxicity on the structure of testicular tissue of adult male rats after exposure to thedrugfor different periods as well as to evaluate the extent of improvement of testiculartissue structure after cessation of drug administration. Results & Conclusion: ribavirin administration produced toxicity and mutagenicity leading to marked serious histological changes of the testis including the spermatogenic cells, sperms, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. These testicular changes persisted after cessation of ribavirin administration indicating the cumulative toxic effects of ribavirin that caused hypospermatogenesis, oligospermia and then hypospermia. Because it is used nowadays on a large scale allover the world especially in middle aged males (30- 50 years), these serious complications on testicular structure should be considered when physicians prescribe ribavirin in the protocol of viral hepatitis C management.

[Mohamed Abdel Hay Autifi, Elsayed Ahmed Abou Salem, Elsayed Abdel Rhman Abdel Hady And Amr Mohamed Younis . Effect of Ribavirin on the Testes of Adult Albino Rats (Light Microscopic Study). Nat Sci 2017;15(11):69-77]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.09.

Keywords：Effect; Ribavirin; Testes; Adult; Albino; Rat; (Light Microscopic Study

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Comparative Study Between Upper Eye Lid Blepharoplasty With And Without Prophylactic Browpexy

Adel A. Osman, Abdallah A. Shelil, Mahmoud A. Saleh and Mohammed E. Eid

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

dr_eid1984@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Dermatochalasis refers to excess skin in the upper eyelid, lower, or both. Dermatochalasis may also include the presence of excess fat and hypertrophic muscle tissue of the eyelid. Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure to correct both aspects, functional and cosmetic related to dermatochalasis. The procedure usually associated with great improvement of functional complaints and facial beauty. However some times its effect seems to be limited due to a low or lowered eyebrow position. Internal browpexy is an adjunctive procedure to upper blepharoplasty added to improve the cosmetic and functional results of the upper blepharoplasty. Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the results of upper blepharoplasty alone to upper blepharoplasty combined with prophylactic browpexy in patients with dermatochalasis from the functional and cosmetic aspects. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients (fourty eyelids) were included in this study divided into two groups: Group A included twenty eyelids with dermatochalasis managed with upper blepharoplasty. Group B included twenty eyelids with dermatochalasis managed with upper blepharoplasty combined with internal browpexy through the same incision. Both groups followed up for 12 months after surgery. Results: MRD1, PFH and upper crease height were increased in both groups, LC / LBE was decreased in group A and increased in group B. The patient satisfaction was higher in group B. Conclusion: The combination of internal browpexy with upper blepharoplasty enhancing its functional and cosmetic results through stabilizing the lateral brow leading to acceptable brow position and more patient satisfaction.

[Adel A. Osman, Abdallah A. Shelil, Mahmoud A. Saleh and Mohammed E. Eid. Comparative Study Between Upper Eye Lid Blepharoplasty With And Without Prophylactic Browpexy. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):78-82]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.10.

Key Words: Dermatochalsis – Upper Blepharoplasty – Internal Browpexy – Browposition – Brow ptosis.

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Genetic study, chemical composition and volatile oil of two parsley cultivars (Petroselinumcrispum L.) Used in botanical gardens and cultivated under Egyptian conditions.

Omnia F. Abou El-Leel¹, Khaled A. Emam² and Heba M. M. Ibrahim³

¹Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.

²Botanical Gardens Department, Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.

³Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.

kemam9650@gmail.com

Abstract: The present study was conducted aiming to find out the concordance between vegetative growth and yield production, phytochemical compounds, volatile oil and molecular genetic (RAPD- and ISSR-PCR) characteristics of two varieties of parsley the plain leaf type (sspneapolitanum, Danert) and the curly leaf type (sspcrispum) were cultivated at the Experimental Farm of Agriculture Faculty, Cairo University. The highest oil percentage of fresh parsley herb obtained from the plain leaf type (sspneapolitanum, Danert) in the first and second seasons inin the three cuts. Comparing the curly cultivar, the plain leaf cultivar of parsley was superior in producing higher yield of herb than curly cultivar. GC analysis of the volatile oil prepared by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of parsley, the major constituents of curly leaf type (sspcrispum) essential oil were Myristicin (15.05%), 2-Allyl-4-methyl phenol (10.15%), Isolongipholene (8.59%) and β-Caryophyllene (6.43%). In the volatile oil of (sspneapolitanum, Danert) the major compounds were Myristicin (12.65%), 2-Allyl-4-methyl phenol (10.77%), Apiol (9.5%) and Isolongipholene (9.45%). Generally, the high quality was observed in plain- leafed parsley if compared to curly leafed parsley, which had higher phytochemical contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, β-Carotene, flavonoids, phenols, total antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activity and vit C.). For molecular study Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was performed which was efficient in detecting polymorphism and genetic variation within and between the two parsley varieties. In RAPD analysis, 5selected primers displayed a total of 76 amplified fragments, in which 49fragments were found to be useful as cultivar specific markers.. The number of total amplified fragments scored per primer ranged from 13 (primer OP-C12) to 18 (primer OP-B07). The tested ISSR primers generated variable banding patterns. 4selected primers displayed a total of 60 amplified fragments, in which 26 fragments were found to be useful as cultivar specific markers. The results indicated thatplain leafed parsley demonstrated higher quality than curly-leafed.

[Omnia F. Abou El-Leel, Khaled A. Emam  and Heba M. M. Ibrahim . Genetic study, chemical composition and volatile oil of two parsley cultivars (Petroselinumcrispum L.) Used in botanical gardens and cultivated under Egyptian conditions.. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):83-94]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.11.

Key words: parsley, Petroselinumcrispum (Mill.), essential oil composition; DNA fingerprinting, molecular markers.

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Assessment of Ovarian Reserve after Laparoscopic Salpingectomy Versus Salpingostomy for Treatment of un disturbed Ectopic Pregnancy

Ehab Hasanein Mohamed, Abdel Moneim Mohammed Zakaria and Abdel-rahman Ragab Rashed

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine-Al Azhar University, Egypt.

abdelrahmanragab21@yahoo.com

Abstract: The aim of the present work was to asses the ovarian reserve after laparoscopic salpingectomy versus salpingostomy in treatment of undisturbed Tubal ectopic pregnancy and to compare the fertility outcome after laparoscopic salpingectomy or salpingostomy. 23 patients with Ectopic pregnancy underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy (group I) & 20 patients with Ectopic pregnancy underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy (group II) after conversion of 3 patients from salpingotomy to salpingectomy during the initial surgery. All patients underwent trans vaginal U/S and estimation of B-HCG titre for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. ovarian function was assessed by antral follicle count and ovarian volume measured by transvaginal ultrasonography & Estimation of serum FSH and LH pre operatively and post operatively. All patients suspected to have an ectopic pregnancy underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy. The decision to perform either salpingectomy or salpingostomy was left to the surgeon. After surgery, all women were informed about their study group assignment and what intervention they received. To identify persistent trophoblast, serum hCG was measured post-operatively on a weekly basis until undetectable levels were reached in both study groups. The patients were asked to visit the hospital on the 2nd to 5th days of their menstrual cycl 1^st month for an initial assessment, and 6 months later following surgery during the early proliferative phase for the second evaluation of the hormonal (serum FSH & LH) & sonographic markers (OV & AFC) of ovarian reserve & fertility outcome (ongoing pregnancy by natural conception in 1^st 6months after operation) & Persistent trophoblast and Repeat ectopic pregnancy. This study showed that no statistically significant difference between both groups As regard (Demographic Data ) & serum LH and Ovarian volume. This study showed that statistically significant increase of serum FSH and significant reduction of AFC of operated side in post operative 6th cycle of group I in comparison with pre operative and post operative 1st cycle and in comparison with group II. The ongoing pregnancy rate by natural conception was 25% after salpingostomy and 13% after salpingectomy within the 1^st 6 months after operation. Persistent trophoblast and Repeat ectopic pregnancy occurred more frequent in the salpingostomy group than in the salpingectomy group (15%) versus (0%). Conclusion: Laparoscopy has become the standard surgical approach for the treatment of EP Each surgery for tubal EP involves an intraoperative decision regarding the possibility of tubal preserving surgery (salpingotomy) versus salpingectomy. laparoscopic salpingostomy in treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy does not affect ovarian function. The effect of salpingectomy on ovarian reserve and ovarian function is still acontroversial issue, and more investigations are needed. In this study we found that laparoscopic salpingotomy did not improve cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates by natural conception in women with a tubal pregnancy and a normal contralateral tube, but was associated with an increased risk of persistent trophoblast and a higher, though not statistically significant, repeat ectopic pregnancy rate. We suggest that salpingectomy should be chosen for women with a tubal pregnancy if the contraldteral tube appears healthy.

[Ehab Hasanein Mohamed, Abdel Moneim Mohammed Zakaria and Abdel-rahman Ragab Rashed. Assessment of Ovarian Reserve after Laparoscopic Salpingectomy Versus Salpingostomy for Treatment of un disturbed Ectopic Pregnancy. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):95-102]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.12.

Key words; ectopic pregnancy, ovarian reserve, salpingectomy, salpingostomy.

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The Effect of Dexmedetomidine versus Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. Comparative Clinical Study.

Ahmed Mohammed Saad Mustafa Elsarag, Anwar Mohammed Mostafa Alhassanin and Saad Eldin Mahmoud Abdelrahman Elkateeb

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

ali558q@gmail.com

Abstract : Background: Surgical anesthesia of the upper limb, from the elbow to the hand, may be readily achieved by injection of local anesthetic around the brachial plexus. This regional anesthesia technique avoids the need for a general anesthetic and its accompanying risks. Control of postoperative pain is also excellent as the sensory block typically persists for several hours following injection. The use of ultrasound appears to permit accurate deposition of the local anesthetic perineurally, and has the potential to improve the success and decrease the complications of infraclavicular brachial plexus block. α2-adrenergic (α2-AR) receptor agonists have been successfully used in several clinical settings in view of diverse actions which include sedation, analgesia, anxiolysis, perioperative sympatholysis, cardiovascular stabilizing effects, reduced anesthetic requirements, and preservation of respiratory function. Dexmedetomidine, is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that is used as an adjuvant mixed with local anesthetics during regional anesthesia. Addition of opioids to local anesthetics has gained popularity. Opioids have multiple central neuraxial and peripheral mechanisms of analgesic action Fentanyl is a mu opioid receptor agonist that has been used as adjuvant to local anesthetics to improve efficacy of peripheral nerve block. Methods: sixty patients of ASA I and II scheduled for Below mid humerus elective surgeries not more than two hours were randomly allocated into three groups. After premedication by Atropin Sulphate (1 mg/ml) ( dose:,02 mg/kg) and Medazolam (5 mg/ml ) (dose:,015-,03 mg/kg ) Patients will be randomly allocated into one of three groups every group contain twenty patient C group (control group): Twenty patients received ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block with 20 volume mixture of 18 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 2 ml normal saline 0.9% D group (dexmedetomidine group): Twenty patients received ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block with 20 volume mixture of 18 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 100 ugdexmedetomidine in 2 ml F group (fentanyl group): Twenty patients received ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block with 20 volume mixture of 18 ml bupivacaine 0.5% + 100ug fentanyl in 2 ml The total volume of the local anesthetic mixture was equal (20 ml) for all patients. sensory block, Motor block, duration of sensory and motor block, complication, post-operative pain, analgesia request, and hemodynamic changes were assessed A comparison was made between the three groups as regards motor and sensory block, duration and quality of postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic and respiratory variables as well as side effects during forearm or hand surgery under ultrasound guided Infraclavicular block. Demographic data (age, sex, BMI) and operational data (duration of surgery) were statistically comparable among the three groups. Results: The present research revealed that infraclavicular brachial plexus block with 20ml 0.5% bupivacaine supplemented with 100μg dexmedetomidine significantly affect Block characteristics evident by shortened onset time of both sensory and motor block compared with the same block supplemented by 100μg fentanyl and 0.5% bupivacaine in patients undergoing upper limb surgery. Also addition of dexmedetomidine significantly prolong time to complete sensory resolution and regression of motor block with prolonged analgesic effects of infarclavicular block evident by decreased postoperative pain scores (VAS), total analgesic consumption and prolongation of time to first request for analgesia. No side effects requiring any intervention were noticed in either group. No patients in the study demonstrated any signs or symptoms of local anesthetic drug toxicity. There were no serious postoperative complications in the three groups. Ultrasound guided Infraclavicular block appears to be associated with a high success rate, short onset time, low complication rate and excellent analgesia even when a tourniquet was used. It was well tolerated by patients. Conclusion: We conclude that the addition of dexmedetomidine or fentanyl to local anesthetic mixture in infraclavicular brachial plexus block hastens the onset and prolong the duration of sensory and motor blocks, as well as the duration of postoperative analgesia. Also the use of ultrasound appears to permit accurate deposition of the local anesthetic perineurally, and has the potential to improve the success and decrease the complications of infraclavicular brachial plexus block.

[Ahmed Mohammed Saad Mustafa Elsarag, Anwar Mohammed Mostafa Alhassanin and Saad Eldin Mahmoud Abdelrahman Elkateeb. The Effect of Dexmedetomidine versus Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. Comparative Clinical Study.. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):103-113]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.13.

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine; Fentanyl; Bupivacaine; Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block

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Outcome of PRK in Management of Post LISIK Residual Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism

Mohamed Elmoddather. MD

Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt

shahdmsaleh@hotmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate outcome as regard the safety, efficacy, and predictability of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correction of residual myopia and myopic astigmatism after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Patients and Methods: The study included 30 eyes of 15 patients retreated by PRK for residual myopia and myopic astigmatism after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Data included uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), central pachymetry, corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and corneal haze. Results: This study was performed on 30 eyes of 15patients the mean age was 25.27±3.70 SD years old (9 women and 6 men). The average interval between procedures was 13.35 ± 5.51 months. The mean follow-up was 16.58 ± 3.06 months. Before PRK, the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.35 ± 0.18 and 0.91 ± 0.07, respectively, the mean central pachymetry was 400.21 ± 7.8 μm, the mean SE was −1.74 ± 0.51 D. 12 months postoperatively, the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.78 ± 0.14 (P = 0.01) and 0.92 ± 0.13 (P > 0.5), respectively, the mean central corneal thickness was 382.41 ± 2.61 μm, the mean SE was −0.18 ± 0.32 D (P < 0.01), two eyes gained 1 line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity; one eye lost 1 line because of corneal ectasia. No other sight-threatening complications was occurred postoperatively. Conclusions: Photorefractive keratectomy and mitomycin C was an effective, predictable, and safe procedure for correcting residual myopia and myopic astigmatism less than 3 D after LASIK. This decrease postoperative ectasia and avoids the flap related complications but has no significant effect on HOAs.

[Mohamed Elmoddather. MD. Outcome of PRK in Management of Post LISIK Residual Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):119-123]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.15.

Key words: PRK, LASIK, Myopia and Myopic astigmatism.

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Effectiveness of Balloon Tuboplasty on the Eustachian tube function (A Systematic Review)

Ali K. Mahrous, Wael F. Esmaeil, Mohammed H. Abdel-Azim, Mohamed A. Wafa.

Otorhinolaryngology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Drmwafa3@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Eustachian tube dysfunction is a disorder for which there are limited medical and surgical treatments. Recently, Eustachian tube balloon dilation has been proposed as a potential solution. Aim of the Work: The aim of our study was to look at the effectiveness of balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube through literature review and/or meta-analysis. Method: A systematic review was performed. Studies were selected according to inclusion and exclusion Criteria. Data was collected. Pooled data analysis and qualitative analysis were conducted. Results: Ten prospective case series and one RCT were included describing 1485 balloon dilatations of the Eustachian tube procedures in 971 adult patients (aged 18–86 years). Follow-up duration ranged from 1.5 to 18 months. Type A tympanogram was included as a follow-up measure in 6 of 10 Studies (without RCT) and improved from 0.39% to 64.5% following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. Normal TM (by Otoscopy) was included as a follow-up measure in 5of the 11 Studies and improved from 7.5% to 72.3% following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. Normal hearing (by PTA) was included as a follow-up measure in 1 of the 11 Studies and improved from 18% to 58% following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. Ability to perform Valsalva maneuver was included as a follow-up measure in 7 Studies (without RCT) and improved from 5.8% to 84% following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. ETS was included as a follow-up measure in 3 of the 11 Studies and improved from 1.67(mean) pre-dilation to 5.339(mean) following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. ETDQ-7 was included as a follow-up measure in 1 of 10 Studies (without RCT) and improved from 4.5(mean) pre-dilation to 2.8(mean) following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. ET mucosal inflammation Score was included as a follow-up measure in 2 of 10 Studies (without RCT) and improved from 2.855(mean) pre-dilation to 1.565(mean) following Eustachian tube balloon dilation. As regard RCT: There was a significant (P <.0001) Improvement in the investigational arm compared to the control arm as regard Tympanometry associated with significant (P <.0001) normalization of ETDQ-7 and ET mucosa beside the ability to perform valsalva maneuver. Conclusion: This up-to-date Systematic review can confirm the safety of Eustachian tube balloon dilation as a potential solution for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction; further investigations are warranted to establish a higher level of evidence of efficacy.

[Ali K. Mahrous, Wael F. Esmaeil, Mohammed H. Abdel-Azim, Mohamed A. Wafa. Effectiveness of Balloon Tuboplasty on the Eustachian tube function (A Systematic Review). Nat Sci 2017;15(11):124-132]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.16.

Keywords: Balloon Tupoplasty, Eustachian Tube, Systematic Review.

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Potent osteogenic action of Ziziphus spina-christi through up regulating IGF-1 and bone formation markers in diabetic male rats

Azza M. El-Wakf*; Magda A. El-Komy and Entsar A. Mohammed

Physiology division, Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

*drazza_elwakf@yahoo.com

Abstract: Several studies have addressed an association between diabetes and increased bone loss or osteopenia. This study was designed to elucidate the efficacy of Ziziphus spina-christi (ZSC) leaves extract (100 mg/kg b.wt) in preventing diabetes-induced osteopenia. Results exhibited significant increase in glucose level and plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)%, accompanied by marked decrease in serum insulin, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and body weight gain. Significant increases in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), but decreases in serum calcitonin (CT), procollagen type 1 (PC1) and oesteocalcin (OC) were also observed. This goes with further decreases in bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), bone mineral density (BMD) and levels of Ca and P in both serum and bone. Results also showed increased oxidative stress markers [xanthine oxidase (XOD), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdhyde (MDA)] with decreased antioxidants [glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in bone of diabetic rats. Administration of ZSC leaves extract was found to be effective in reducing body weight loss and all diabetes-related bone changes. Thus, ZSC leaves could be approved as a natural therapeutic agent with multiple benefits for management of diabetes-associated bone loss.

[Azza M. El-Wakf; Magda A. El-Komy; Entsar A. Mohammed. Potent osteogenic action of Ziziphus spina-christi through up regulating IGF-1 and bone formation markers in diabetic male rats. [Nat Sci 2017; 15 (11): 133-141]. ISSN1545-0740 (print); ISSN2375-7167(0nline).http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.17.

Keywords: Diabetes; Osteopenia; IGF -1; Bone biomarkers; Ziziphus spina-christi.

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Facies Analysis of Abu Roash (G) Member and Upper Bahariya Formation of Asala-Samra Oil Fields, North Western Desert, Egypt

Mohamed Fathy1, Mahmoud Bekhit1, Momen Mohamed 2

1. Department of Geology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
2. Qarun Petroleum Company, Cairo, Egypt
Geomomen1987@gmail.com

Abstract: The main producible reservoirs in Asala-Samra oil fields are Abo Roash G member as a primary target and Upper Bahariya Formation as a secondary target. These reservoirs is divided into seven facies, which were described from total 4 wells on the basis of the sedimentological description using wireline logs and borehole images with ditch cuttings and core descriptions from reports that showed different depositional settings. These facies are of marginal marine and are interpreted as: (1) open coast tidal flat where sand ridges rests on prograding mudstone (2) distributary mouth bar of fluvial dominated delta indicated by the prograding gamma ray log trend, however, this facies showed minor tidal effect indicated by mud drapes, (3) distributary channel of deltaic settings that showed cutting into underlain strata, (4) distal mouth bar of deltaic settings where sandy fringe is in front of the active mouth bar, (5) tidal bars of tide dominated estuary facies where indications of facies deepening up, (6) intertidal flats of estuary settings that showed heterolithic bedding with facies shallowing upward, and (7) intertidal channel cutting into intertidal flats with shallowing upward facies.
[Fathy M., Bekhit M., Mohamed M., Facies Analysis of Abu Roash (G) Member and Upper Bahariya Formation of Asala-Samra Oil Fields, North Western Desert, Egypt. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):142-152]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.18.

Keywords: Delta, Estuary, Tidal Flat, Facies, Western Desert, Samra-Asala, Abo Roash (G), Bahariya

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Quilting Sutures Technique without Intra Nasal Packing In Septoplasty Surgery

Atef A. El-Maraghy¹, Mohamed A. El-Sharkawy¹, Mohamed H. Abd El-Azeem¹, Mostafa M. Shakweer², Ahmed A. Abd El-Bar¹.

Otorhinolaryngology¹, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Radiodiagnosis Department. Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

dr.ahmedabdelbar@yahoo.com

Abstract- Background: Septoplasty is a common surgical procedure performed by otolaryngologists for the correction of deviated nasal septum. This surgery may be associated with numerous complications. To minimize these complications, otolaryngologists frequently pack both nasal cavities with different types of nasal packing. Despite all its advantages, nasal packing is also associated with some disadvantages. To avoid these issues, many surgeons use quilting suturing technique to obviate the need for packing after surgery. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of quilting suture technique in preventing complications and decreasing morbidity after septoplasty in comparison with nasal packing. Patients and methods: Prospective comparative study. This study was conducted in the department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, El Hussein University Hospital in Cairo and Damietta University Hospital, Al-Azhar university, From the 1st of March 2017 to the 30th of November 2017. A total of 50 patients aged 16-50 years, undergoing septoplasty, were included in the study. Before surgery, patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group (A) with quilting suture technique was compared with group (B) in which nasal packing with Merocel was done. Postoperative morbidity in terms of pain, bleeding, postnasal drip, sleep disturbance, dysphagia, headache and epiphora along with postoperative complications including septal hematoma, septal perforation, crustation and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow up period of four weeks. Results: Out of 50 patients, 30 patients were males (60%) and 20 patients were females (40%). Patients with nasal packing had significantly more postoperative pain (P<0.05) and a significantly higher incidence of postnasal drip, sleep disturbance, dysphagia, headache and epiphora on the night of surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal hematoma, septal perforation, crustation and synechiae formation. Conclusion: Septoplasty can be safely performed using quilting suturing technique without nasal packing.

[Atef A. El-Maraghy, Mohamed A. El-Sharkawy, Mohamed H. Abd El-Azeem, Mostafa M. Shakweer, Ahmed A. Abd El-Bar. Quilting Sutures Technique without Intra Nasal Packing In Septoplasty Surgery. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):153-161]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 19. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.19.

Key words: Septoplasty, nasal packing, quilting suturing technique

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Impact of MyoRing Femtosecond-Assisted Intracorneal MyoRing Implantation in Management of Post Lasik

Mohamed I. EL-Kasaby, MD

Ophthalmology Department Al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt

shahdmsaleh@hotmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate long term follow‑up data on implantation of a full‑ring intra‑corneal implant (Myoring) for management of post lasikectasia and keratoconus with no cross linking postoperatively done. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, interventional clinical study, 40 eyes of 20 patients with postlasikectasia and keratoconus grade 2 to 4 entered the study. For all patients, a MyoRing (Dioptex, GmbH, Austria) was implanted using a femtosecond laser (Victus Femto Second Laser SW version 3.2 Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH. Munich, Germany). Results: The study evaluated 40 eyes of 20 patients 5 males (25%) and 15 female (75%) with keratoconus grade 2 to 4 entered the study with a mean age of 24.6 ± 7.92 years. Preoperatively, the mean central corneal thickness was 440.25±44.49 μm in the right eye and the mean central corneal central thickness 441.35±43.02 in the left eye, while mean keratometry (K) readings, 52.57±5.24 diopters (D) in the right eyes and 50.16±3.59 D in the left eyes. Postoperatively, there was a statistically significant improvement in the UDVA, CDVA, K readings, manifest spherical and cylindrical refractive errors, and spherical equivalent (P<0.05). The mean K reading decreased by 6.8 D, from52.57±5.24D to 45.77±2.16D in the right eyes and by 4.56D from 50.16±3.59 D to 45.60±3.63D in the left eyes. No serious intraoperative complications occurred. Conclusions: Myoring had the capability in halting the progression of the disease, Insert it whatever the site of lesion and no need for cross linking done postoperatively.

[Mohamed I. EL-Kasaby. Impact of MyoRing Femtosecond-Assisted Intracorneal MyoRing Implantation in Management of Post Lasik. Nat Sci 2017;15(11):162-169]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 20. doi:10.7537/marsnsj151117.20.

Keywords: Keratoconus. keratectasia. Femtosecondlaser. MyoRing. Cross linking.

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