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Improvement in canola yield and water saving through planting methods in rice zone

Muzzamil Hussain¹, Javed Iqbal¹, Muhammad Anwar^3*, Sanaullah¹, Masood Qadir Waqar² and Anjum Ali⁴

^1.  Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala, Pakistan

^2.  Directorate of Adaptive Research Lahore, Pakistan

^3.  Directorate of Cotton Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan

^4.  Directorate general of Adaptive Research& Extension, Department of Agriculture Government of Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

manwar1884@gmail.com

Abstract: Study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different sowing methods on the yield and yield parameters of canola in rice zone at Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala during rabi 2011-12 to 2013-14. Treatment included broadcasting of seed in standing water, broadcasting in wattar condition, drill sowing, ridge sowing and bed sowing. All other agronomic practices were kept uniform. The results showed that highest seed yield was achieved in ridge sowing during all the three seasons of study. On over all basis, seed yield of said treatment (1601.10 kg ha^-1) was higher by72, 53, 49 and 10 % than broadcasting of seed in standing water, broadcasting of seed in wattar condition, drill sowing and bed sowing respectively. The lowest yield of 928.90 kg hectare^-1 was recorded in broad casting in standing water. It was also concluded that bed planting was second high yielder but was most beneficial technique with BCR value of 4.34 followed by ridge sowing, with 3.63 BCR. Maximum water saving of 54.23% was also recorded in bed planting method. Better performance of ridge/bed sowing was all attributable to better drainage, avoidance of temporary water logging& crop lodging, vigorous crop stand and optimum irrigation management.

[Hussain M, Iqbal J, Anwar M, Sanaullah, Waqar MQ, and Ali A. Improvement in canola yield and water saving through planting methods in rice zone. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.01.

Key words: Canola, seed yield, sowing methods, bed planting, ridge sowing, and water saving.

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Compare difficulties in emotional regulation, early maladaptive schemas and executive functions between the patients with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder

Nazila Karimzad¹, Fatemeh Golshani², Anita Baghdassarians³

^1.  MSc of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

^2.  Assistant Professor of Psychology, Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Director of the Department of Clinical Psychology, Tehran, Iran

^3. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Faculty Member of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

nazila617@yahoo.com

Abstract: The present study purpose has been done to compare the difficulties in emotion regulation, primary maladaptive schemas and the executive functions between the patients with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Statistical population included all patients hospitalized in borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder (male and female) In Iran Psychiatric Hospital (affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences) (from December 2015 to June 2016). The method of causal-comparative the study, including 50 (25 patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder) were selected by convenience sampling. The data collection with regard to the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, for this purpose, Young questionnaire of 75 questions, DERS difficulties in emotion regulation scale and Wisconsin Card Test software was used. For data analysis software SPSS-19, descriptive statistics, i-square test, and multivariate analysis of variance and test Manoa were used. The results showed that difficulties in emotion regulation and primary maladaptive schemas and executive functions in border have more severely compared to bipolar disorder. These findings further emphasize on the distinction of these diseases to their similarities. Overall, there is a significant correlation between the high levels of emotional regulation schemes and finally, deficiencies in executive functions can be associated with a particular combination of primary schemas and difficulties in emotion regulation psychopathology.

[Nazila Karimzad, Fatemeh Golshani, Anita Baghdassarians. Compare difficulties in emotional regulation, primary incompatible schemas and executive functions between the patients with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):7-13]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.02.

Keywords: emotion regulation, early maladaptive schemas, executive function, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder

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Levator resection versus plication in treatment of moderate ptosis

Adel Abd-AlAziz Hassouna, Abdallah Hussein Hamed, Mohammed Khedr Mohammed and

Ahmed Mohammed Madinah Basuny Alkady

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

kady_ophthalmology@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: to compare between levator resection and levator plication in treatment of moderate ptosis as regard eyelid height and course of postoperative events. Methods: Prospective comparative randomized trial involving 50 eyelids in 43 patients with moderate ptosis and fair to good levator function. Patients were examined, operated upon and followed up at Al-Azhar university hospitals (Al-Hussien and Bab Al-Sheiria hospitals) during the period from April 2014 till May 2016. Data were collected, revised, coded and entered to the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 20. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentages while quantitative data were presented as mean, standard deviations and ranges when parametric and median with interquartile ranges (IQR) when non parametric. Results: The mean MRD1 of Group Aat the 6^th month was 4.38 ± 0.71 (range 2 – 6mm), While the mean MRD1 in Group B at the 6^th month was 4.00 ± 0.80 (range 2 – 5.5mm) with (p value = 0.083). Recurrence rate in Group A were 2 lids (8.0%) from the 1^st day and still with the same level till the 6^th month in addition to one lid develop recurrence at the 6^th month, while in Group B At the 1^st day there were 6 lids (24.0%) and at the 6^th month became 10 lids (40.0%), P value at the 6^th month was significant (0.024). Conclusion: The overall result evaluation included, functional and cosmetic outcomes beside complications and their severity in our study levator resection was found to be superior to and better than levator plication in treatment of moderate ptosis with fair to good levator function as it ensure higher success rate (88.0%), less risk of recurrence and redoing surgery, better cosmetic appearance and regularity of lid margin also less complications and predictable results.

[Adel Abd-AlAziz Hassouna, Abdallah Hussein Hamed, Mohammed Khedr Mohammed and Ahmed Mohammed Madinah Basuny Alkady. Levator resection versus plication in treatment of moderate ptosis. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):14-21]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.03.

Key words: Levator, resection, placation and ptosis

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Parasitic dependence between different species of ants on other species: phenomenon of social parasitism

Irshad A. Wani¹, Shabeer A. Wani², Fayaz A. Shah³, Sajad A. Bhat⁴, S. Tariq Ahmed⁵, Mushtaq A. Najar⁶

^1. Govt. Degree College, Anantnag Kashmir

^{2, 5.} Deptt. of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar

^{3, 4.} Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar

^6. Govt. Degree College Boys Anantnag Kashmir

waniirshaddn@gmail.com

Abstract: Parasitism is the harmful co-action (disoperation) between two species. Social parasitism describes the exploitation of one species by another, for various advantages. The present paper details the social parasitism in ants. Ants are the marvels of social parasitism. There are three main types of social parasites that form mixed species ant nests: temporary social parasites, permanent inquilines and slave-makers. The paper also throws light on Emery’s rule, which states that social parasites are their host’s closest relatives.

[Wani IA, Wani SA, Shah FA, Bhat SA, Ahmad TS. Najar MA. Parasitic dependence between different species of ants on other species: phenomenon of social parasitism. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):22-24]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.04.

Keywords: Ants, Social, Parasitism, Emery’s rule, Host

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Comparative study between Goniotomy, Trabeculotomy and viscotrabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma

Hosny Hassan Mohammad, Hisham Fawzy Khalil, Mahmoud Abd Elhaleem Rabea and Ibrahim Hassan Mohamed.

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University, Egypt

sal.totti@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: To assess safety and efficacy of goniotomy, trabeculotomy and viscotrabeculotomy in the surgical management of primary congenital glaucoma. Patient and Methods: In a prospective study patient with congenital glaucoma matching the inclusion criteria underwent goniotomy (A) group, 15 eyes, trabeculotomy (B) group, 15 eyes. And viscotrabeculotomy (C) group, 15 eyes. Patients were followed up for 12 months. A probability value (p value) less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean preoperative IOP in A, B and C groups were, 28.53, 27.47, and 26.20, Postoperatively, IOP dropped at12 months to 17.67, 15.87 and 15.93 mmHg in A, B and C groups respectively. That was significant in each group when compared to preoperative IOP but was not significant between the groups at the same point of comparison. At 12 months postoperatively, complete success was achieved in (80 %), in the C group (73.3%), in the B group and (66.7%), in A group. Conclusions: goniotomy, trabeculotomy and viscotrabeculotomy are equally effective in the management of primary congenital glaucoma with no preference of one technique over the other.

[Hosny Hassan Mohammad, Hisham Fawzy Khalil, Mahmoud Abd Elhaleem Rabea and Ibrahim Hassan Mohamed. Comparative study between Goniotomy, Trabeculotomy and viscotrabeculotomy in primary congenital glaucoma. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):25-30]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.05.

Key words: congenital glaucoma, goniotomy, trabeculotomy and viscotrabeculotomy.

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A two years prospective and interventional study of the different patterns of renal diseases at the Internal Medicine Department, Al-Hussein University Hospital

Tarek Zakaria El Baz, Abd Allah Mahmoud Abd Allah, El-Sayed Muhammad Rashed and Hani Ismail Hamed Abu Khalil

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

haniismail52@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study aimed to perform acomprehensive review of the prevalence and patterns of renal diseases at Internal Medicine Department, Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Azhar University from February 2014 to the end of January 2016. The total number of patients included in this study were 500, their mean age was (52.31± 15.92) years, most of cases were females forming about (51.8 %) of patients. According to the registered data, patients with renal diseases were classified as patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), represented 30.6% of the study population, patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on conservative treatment and for follow up, represented 37% of the study population, Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) presented with acute on top of chronic with rising serum creatinine due to different clinical problems were 30 patients, represented 6% of the study population and Patients presented from the start with picture of ESRD for regular haemodialysis, represented 26.4% of the study population.

[Tarek Zakaria El Baz, Abd Allah Mahmoud Abd Allah, El-Sayed Muhammad Rashed and Hani Ismail Hamed Abu Khalil. A two years prospective and interventional study of the different patterns of renal diseases at the Internal Medicine Department, Al-Hussein University Hospital. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):31-34]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.06.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; chronic kidney disease.

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Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Infancy and Childhood: A Randomized Controlled Study of Two Different Techniques

Yasser Ashour, Mohamed Abd-Alrazek and Rafik Shalaby

Pediatric Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt

yasserashour30@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in infants and young children. Laparoscopic hernia repair in infancy and childhood is still debatable. There are many techniques available for laparoscopic hernia repair in pediatrics. Purpose: to compare laparoscopic intracorporeal purse-string suture ligation of the hernia defect leaving the sac intact versus disconnection of the hernia sac with intracorporeal suture of proximal part. Patients and Methods: A prospective controlled randomized study of laparoscopic repair of congenital inguinal hernia [CIH] was conducted over ninety patients at the Pediatric Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, over a period of 2 years from April 2014 to April 2016. They were randomized into two equal groups: Group I (n = 45) received Intracorporeal purse string suture ligation of the hernia sac in at IIR leaving the sac intact; and Group II (n = 45) received disconnection of the hernia sac with intracorporeal suture of proximal part at IIR. Inclusion criteria: Bilateral CIH, unilateral CIH with questionable other side, cases of CIH associated with umbilical hernia and parental request. Exclusion criteria: Recurrent cases, complicated cases, hernia of canal of Nuck in females, inguinal hernia with undescended testis, parental refusal. The main outcome measurements were; operative time, hospital stay, postoperative hydrocele formation, recurrence rate, and cosmetic results. Results: This study included 90 patients with 94 hernia defects. Their age ranged from 6 months to 3 years. There were no significant differences regarding the demographic data of the groups. All cases were completed successfully without conversion. There were no statistically significant difference between groups regarding intraoperative complications and hospital stay. There were statistically significant difference in the operative time and post-operative complications between the studied groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair by disconnection of the hernia sac at the IIR with peritoneal closure is safe and feasible method. It has a lower recurrence rate than the purse string suturing leaving the sac intact.

[Yasser Ashour, Mohamed Abd-Alrazek and Rafik Shalaby. Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair in Infancy and Childhood: A Randomized Controlled Study of Two Different Techniques. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):35-41]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.07.

Key words: Laparoscopic hernia repair; Purse string suture; intracorporeal sutures, disconnection of the hernia sac, inguinal hernia

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Placental Topographic study in Iraqi idiopathic preterm delivery

Yasmin L. Alsaadi¹ and Samia A. Eleiwe²

¹ Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

² Faculty member- Department of Anatomy, Histology& Embryology, College of Medicine, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

samia_a_eleiwe@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Preterm delivery (PTD) is well known to be a universal community health problem which has important adverse effects on neonatal mortality and morbidity. In Iraq, idiopathic PTD incidence seemed to be increasing nowadays, hence any research in this circumstance may offer new strategies in the prevention, recognition and managing of this vital event. Aims: Comparison of morphologic placental changes of idiopathic preterm delivery with those of normal term delivery could provide an additional method for fast diagnosis of prematurity by the health staff and midwives at the delivery-room which may help in facilitating the immediate management to the neonates so as to decrease incidence of fetal morbidity and mortality. Also classifying a delivery to be preterm; could help in management of the next pregnancy in order to prevent the chance of premature onset of delivery in the successive pregnancies. Methods: Ninety placentas from normal vaginal delivery were taken from delivery-room at department of obstetrics and gynecology of Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital and Al-Khadhraa Private Hospital. These placentas were divided into three groups; 1^st group was the control group included placentas of spontaneous term deliveries (n=30) at 37-40 weeks of gestation. The 2^nd group consisted of placentas of preterm delivery before 36^th week having alive neonates (n=30), and the 3^rd group consisted of placentas of PTD gave stillbirths (n=30), then the gross morphological features of placentas were studied. Results: Placentas of control group showed significantly elevated average weight as compared to the other two groups (P<0.005), while there was no significant differences among the three groups in the mode of insertion variety of umbilical cord (P>0.05). Conversely, the Thickness and largest diameter of the placenta showed significantly lower values in PTD placentas of stillbirths (P<0.005), nevertheless, the difference was insignificant when the control group was compared with the placentas of PTD with living neonates (P>0.05). Conclusion: The preterm delivery is surely related to the placental morphology and this fact may give a prompt hint for the health-staff for instant identification of prematurity so as to aid for fast management of the preterm fetus; hence decreasing the adverse postnatal outcomes.

[Yasmin L. Alsaadi and Samia A. Eleiwe. Placental Topographic study in Iraqi idiopathic preterm delivery. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):42-48]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.08.

Keywords: Preterm delivery (PTD), placental morphology, umbilical cord insertion.

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The Nature, Origin and Distribution of Kaolinite in the Lower Paleozoic Naqus Formation along Western Side of Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Mohamed W. Abd El-Moghny

Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.

m_wageeh@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper sheds more light on genesis and evolution of the kaolin minerals in white sandstones of the Lower Paleozoic Naqus Formation at Wadi El-Dakhel and Wadi Qena along the western side of the Gulf of Suez. Naqus Formation is composed of fluvial, white to yellowish white, tabular planar cross-bedded and occasionally overturned bedded sandstones with relative abundance of kaolinitic matrix. Several thin beds (5-10cm thick), ferruginous, rippled sandstones have been observed at several intervals that can reflect a cyclic sequence of deposition. In each one of these cycles the average kaolinite content is decreased upward where considerable nodules extending laterally ≈10 m and ≈50 cm thick are recorded. These sandstones comprise three types: quartz arenite, quartz greywacke and ferruginous quartz arenite. Altered mica to kaolinite in the form of vermicular stacks are scattered throughout and embedded with a dark gray to nearly isotropic matrix. The main mineral constituents are quartz and kaolinite with accessories of montmorillonite, microcline and anatase. Kaolinite XRD pattern reflects a high degree of ordering. The concentration of Al₂O₃ decreases upward and vice versa for SiO₂ in each cycle confirming sequence of depositional cycles. The kaolinitic nodules in both studied sections are characterized by relatively high content of TiO₂ and Cr and low contents of P₂O₅, SO₃ and Sr pointing supergene origin. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations show that the kaolinite filling the intergranular spaces in the form of: dispersed large kaolinite particles; vermicular stack or books shape; fan-shaped joined stacks; shaggy appearance is a characteristic feature of some kaolinite books; and fluctuated face-to-edges kaolin particles. The sinuous kaolinite structures (vermiform), with shaggy and smooth appearance, and fan-shaped units are related to alteration of mica, while face-to-edges fluctuation book-fabric is characteristic feature of authigenic kaolinite. Both were formed under fresh ground-water tropical conditions.

[Mohamed W. Abd El-Moghny. The Nature, Origin and Distribution of Kaolinite in the Lower Paleozoic Naqus Formation along Western Side of Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):49-61]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.09.

Keywords: Paleozoic, Naqus, kaolinite, vermicular, supergene, Wadi Qena, Egypt.

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Physio-chemical and EDXRF Analysis of Water Samples from District Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Prem Singh^1*, Poonam Gramni², H. S. Kainth³, A. Upmanyu⁴ and S. Kumar⁵

¹Dept. of Physics, S.D. College Ambala Cantt., Haryana, India

²Dept. of Physics, Govt. School, Sambhaleri, Ambala Haryana, India

³Dept. of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

⁴Chitkara University, Punjab-140 401, India, Chandigarh, India

⁵G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector 32C, Chandigarh, India

Corresponding Author: *pspundir1@gmail.com

Abstract: The analysis of physiochemical parameters of groundwater from nineteen locations of District Kurukshetra, Haryana was carried out. Each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limits prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO), Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to assess the quality of ground water. The physiochemical parameters namely pH, electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, and dissolved oxygen were determined. Systematic calculation was made to determine the correlation coefficient ‘r’ amongst the parameters. Significant value of the observed correlation coefficients between the parameters was also carried out. The results showed significant variations in water quality parameters in the study areas. Elemental analysis of different samples was carried out using the EDXRF technique. It is concluded that the water quality of water supply systems in different locations of Kurukshetra is of medium quality and can be used for domestic use after suitable treatment. Suitable suggestions were made to improve the quality of water.

[Prem Singh, Poonam Gramni, H. S. Kainth, A. Upmanyu and S. Kumar. Physio-chemical and EDXRF Analysis of Water Samples from District Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):62-67]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.10.

Keywords: pH, Kurukshetra, ground water, water quality, physiochemical parameter, water pollution, EDXRF

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A Review On Cryptosporidiosis In Calves

Yilma Mulushet, Askale Abrhaley and Basaznew Bogale

College Of Veterinary Medicine And Animla Science, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, University Of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia

Corresponding authors: Yilma Mulushet, e-mail: ymulushet@gmail.com

Summary: The genus Cryptosporidium is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves worldwide. It is a very important genus that causes watery diarrhea in young, unweaned mammalian livestock. Cryptosporidium is now regarded as an economically important cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves and lambs. Due to the presence of multiple transmission routes and host range, the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis is complex. One major problem in understanding the transmission of Cryptosporidium infection is the lack of morphologic features that clearly differentiate one Cryptosporidium spp. from many others. This features also results in difficulty of diagnostic identification of the parasite in fresh sample, unless concentration and staining methods are hold on. Prevention of calf diarrhea is difficult because of the large number of pathogens that may be involved. Different management and environmental factors have also been associated with the disease. When treatment is indicated, no safe and effective therapy for cryptosporidial enteritis has been successfully developed, but supportive care is the only treatment for the illness. The objective of the review is focused on the control of Cryptosporidium by combining a good hygiene management and effective preventive drugs and its potential risk factor due to the presence of a large range and abundance of animal reservoirs, mainly in young farmed animals.

[Yilma Mulushet, Askale Abrhaley and Basaznew Bogale. A Review On Cryptosporidiosis In Calves. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):68-75]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.11.

Key words: Cryptosporidium, Oocyst

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Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in Patients of Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Sameh Refaat Allam¹, Mohamed Saad El-Gammal¹ and Mohamed Abd El-Aty mohamed Abd El-Naby²

¹Deparment of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University; ²Resident of Cardiology- Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

mabdelaty83@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the right ventricular (RV) function in patients of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Background: It should be considered that right ventricular dysfunction may affect left ventricular function, not only by limiting left ventricular preload, but also by adverse systolic and diastolic interaction via interventricular septum and the pericardium (ventricular interdependance) and also right ventricular function has been shown to be a major determinant of clinical outcome, so (RV) function assessment is of great clinical value especially in ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) patients. Methods: A total of 80 persons were included in the study, divided into 2 groups: first group (Group 1) is the case group which consists of 50 patients of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, and second group (group2) is the control group which consists of 30 normal healthy individuals. Ischemic aetiology of cardiomyopathy in group1 is proved by Coronary angiography. RV function assessment was done and both groups were compared to each other to perform a case control study. Results: Study consisted of two groups, (group Ι) consists of 50 patients (mean age, 56.04 years) and (group ΙΙ) consists of 30 healthy individuals (mean age, 53.13 years). Group Ι comprised 35 (70%) males and 15 (30% females), group ΙΙ comprised 15 (50%) males and 15 (50%) females. The results as regard the right ventricular function assessment revealed, significant dilatation of right ventricular dimensions in group Ι than group ΙΙ as RV mid-cavitary diameter in group Ι (51.62±8.39 mm) more than group ΙΙ (25.90±6.47mm), RV basal diameter in group Ι (56.84±7.98 mm) more than group ΙΙ (35.90±4.82 mm) and RV longitudinal diameter in group Ι (93.59±12.57mm) more than group ΙΙ (71.53±7.75 mm). The RV area either end-diastolic or end-systolic revealed significant increasement in group Ι than group ΙΙ, as RV end-diastolic area in group Ι (39.60±3.35 mm²) more than group ΙΙ (17.97±4.80 mm²) and RV end-systolic area in group Ι (29.58±6.05 mm²) more than group ΙΙ (8.80±2.77 mm²). RV fractional area change revealed significant difference between groupΙ (26.23±8.46%) which was less than group ΙΙ (50.97±7.98%). RV ejection fraction revealed highly significant difference as it was (30.60±6.33%) in group Ι which was less than group ΙΙ (59.07±7.83%). RV myocardial performance index (Tei index) revealed highly significant difference between group Ι(0.71±0.09) and group ΙΙ (0.40±0.10). Early diastolic wave (Ewave ) velocity measurement revealed non significant difference between group Ι (48.74±6.26 cm/s) and group ΙΙ (50.47±11.73 cm/s). A wave velocity measurement revealed non significant difference between group Ι (30.34±6.13 cm/s) and group ΙΙ (32.70±10.17 cm/s). E/A ratio revealed non significant difference between group Ι (1.67±0.38) and group ΙΙ (1.61±0.33). E prime wave velocity revealed highly significant difference between group Ι (10.82±4.74cm/s) and group ΙΙ (13.67±3.66cm/s). A prime wave velocity revealed non significant difference between group Ι (12.30±0.04cm/s) and group ΙΙ (12.10±3.95cm/s). Eprime/Aprime ratio calculation revealed highly significant difference between group Ι (0.94±0.44) and group ΙΙ (1.20±0.34). E/Eprime Ratio calculation revealed significant difference between group Ι (3.25±1.21) and group ΙΙ (3.96±1.90). IVCT revealed highly significant difference between group Ι (83.72±5.69ms) and group ΙΙ (46.37±13.44ms) Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that the right ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in patients of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy was deteriorated even in absence of right ventricular ischemic involvement.

[Sameh Refaat Allam, Mohamed Saad El-Gammal and Mohamed Abd El-Aty mohamed Abd El-Naby. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function in patients of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):76-81]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.12.

Key words: Right Ventricular Function, Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (IDCM)

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Clinical Epidemiology and Principal Health Effects of Sarcoids in Donkeys of Central Ethiopia (Shoa)

Tibebu Dejene¹, Ayele Gizachew¹* and Tadesse Birhanu²

¹Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia

²Selale University, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, P.O. Box 245, Fitche, Ethiopia

*Corresponding author: equineexpert@gmail.com>

Abstract: A case study was carried out from November 2008 to May 2009 to determine the clinical appearance and impact of equine sarcoid in donkeys, and asses associated risk factors at selected districts of central Ethiopia. A total of 240 sarcoid cases were diagnosed at the donkey health and welfare project stationary and mobile clinics of the study areas. In this study, the sarcoids types were fibroblastic (42.5%), mixed (7.5%), nodular (17%), verrucous (19%) and occult (14%). Donkeys in age range of 3-6 years were more affected (60%) while those beyond 10 years were less affected (9.2%). The anatomical sites affected were limb and shoulder (24.2%), head and neck (53.8%), trunk and genital regions (22%). No marked sex predilection was observed (male 51% and female 49%). The effects of sarcoids observed on the animals were weight loss, secondary bacterial and larval complications of the mass, bleeding, epiphora, fly worry and fate of donkey being isolated by owners from companions for fear of transmission. Apparent blindness, difficulties in locomotion, urination, grazing, mastication and defecation were the most principal effects of sarcoids observed depending on the site of development of the mass. The study concluded that most and quite often the severe sarcoids encountered were those improperly interfered by traditional healers and owners. Thus, awareness creation of the community should be done in order to bring the sicken animals at clinic.

[Tibebu Dejene, Ayele Gizachew and Tadesse Birhanu. Clinical Epidemiology and Principal Health Effects of Sarcoids in Donkeys of Central Ethiopia (Shoa). Nat Sci 2017;15(2):82-88]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.13.

Key Words: Central Ethiopia, Donkey, Equine, Sarcoid

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Recurrent urinary tract infection in girls: Risk factor

Mohamed Kamel El Kholy¹, Magdy Mohamed Abd Elazez¹, Wael Refaat Abd El Hamed Hablas², Abul-Fotouh Abdel-Maguid Abul -Fotouh¹ and Mohamed Ahmed Shefaa Abd Elraouf¹.

¹Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

²Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

mohshefa@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: rUTIs in young girls is a major healthcare concern and there are possible differences in socioeconomic conditions, cultural beliefs and personal behaviors in different countries. Objective: Define the host related risk factors; demographics, behavioral, anatomical and pathological factors; associated with an increased risk of rUTI in healthy, young girls. Patient and Methods: The study included 40 girls presented to the urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University and the Urology Department, EL Seka El Haded Hospital, Cairo, Egypt after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and after ethical approval and informed consent. Diagnosis and severity of rUTI was based on if they had experienced either ≥ 3 episodes of UTI in the previous 12 months or ≥ 2 episodes in the previous six months (confirmed by urine cultures). Results: The study included 40 girls with rUTI ranged from 14 to 24 years old (median: 20 years; mean: 19.53 ± 1.74 years). Most of patients were above the age of 15 years, the most common predominant symptoms were burning of micturation (31 cases; 77.5%), followed by suprapubic pain (6 cases; 15.0%), urgency (2 cases; 5.0%) and abdominal pain (1 case; 2.5%), the isolated uropathogens were E. coli in 23 cases (57.5%), Entero cocci in 8 cases (20.0%).13 cases (20.0%) reported their mother had a history of rUTI and 7 cases (17.5%) had 2^nd/3^rd degree female relatives’ history of rUTI. Twenty seven cases (67.5%) had a history of at least one attack of vaginitis and/or vulvo-vaginitis. However, only 6 cases (15.0%) reported a repeated vaginitis and/or vulvo-vaginitis (recurrent attacks). Conclusion: our findings indicate that burning micturiation and suprapubiac pain, represents the predominant symptoms at time of UTI. E. Coli is the predominant isolated pathogens, followed by Entero cocci. Low education level and low fluid intake represent the risk factors of rUTI. Recommendations: Additional experimental and clinical studies to determine the risk factors mainly personal hygiene for rUTI in girls mainly.

[Mohamed Kamel El Kholy, Magdy Mohamed Abd Elazez, Wael Refaat Abd El Hamed Hablas, Abul-Fotouh Abdel-Maguid Abul -Fotouh and Mohamed Ahmed Shefaa Abd Elraouf. Recurrent urinary tract infection in girls: Risk factor. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):89-93]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.14.

Keyword: Recurrent urinary tract infection

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Correlation between HbA1c and transient stress induced left ventricular cavity dilatation during myocardial perfusion SPECT studies in diabetic and non-diabetic Egyptian cohort

Abd EL RahmanAbd EL Gawad Sharaf¹, Mohammad Abo Mandour Mousa¹ and Osama Fouad Abd El Monem²

¹Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt.

²Resident of Cardiology Helwan University Hospital, Egypt.

mohamed.fouad50@outlook.com

Abstract: Diabetes is an important factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Myocardial ischemia can be a consequence of small vessel disease in diabetic subjects. The exercise myocardial SPECT is a non-invasive examination sufficiently specific for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. Transient ischemic dilation is characterized by an expansion of the left ventricle cavity on a post-exercise myocardial SPECT in comparison with rest images and considered a marker of serious coronary atherosclerosis and of a bad prognosis. The increased values of TID correlated with increased HbA1c values in type 2 diabetic subjects with proven myocardial ischemia. Diabetes and its long term inadequate control can be one of the factors which affect the transient ischemic dilation index.

[Abd EL RahmanAbd EL Gawad Sharaf, Mohammad Abo Mandour Mousa and Osama Fouad Abd El Monem. Correlation between HbA1c and transient stress induced left ventricular cavity dilatation during myocardial perfusion SPECT studies in diabetic and non-diabetic Egyptian cohort. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):94-108]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.15.

Key words: cardiovascular disease, myocardial perfusion, non-diabetic Egyptian cohort and atherosclerosis.

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Effect of intramuscular administration of Dexamethasone on the duration of induction of labor in full term pregnancy

Mohammad Salah-Eldin Hassanin¹, Mohamed Abd El- Samie Mohamed¹ and Ahmed Mahmoud Abdallah Mahmoud²

¹Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, El Azhar University, Egypt.

²Resident of Obstetrics & Gynecology AL-Galaa Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

ahmedmahmoud145@gmail.com

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of dexamethasone administration on labor duration. In this controlled trial 120 women (pG-para1-para2) with a full-term pregnancy and a Bishop score of 7 or greater were randomly assigned to receive a single 8-mg dose of dexamethasone or placebo 6 hours before initiation of labor induction. The administration of dexamethasone was found to shorten labor duration.

[Mohammad Salah-Eldin Hassanin, Mohamed Abd El- Samie Mohamed and Ahmed Mahmoud Abdallah Mahmoud. Effect of intramuscular administration of Dexamethasone on the duration of induction of labor in full term pregnancy. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):109-117]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.16.

Key words: Dexamethasone, induction, labor duration and full term pregnancy.

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Possible Hazards of Soybean Phytoestrogens Ingestion onin-Utero Development of Albino Rats

El-Mahdy, T.O.M.¹; El-Nahla, S.M.M.¹;  Takahashi, S. ^2,3,4; Basha, W.A. ^1,2,3 *

¹Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

²Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

³Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

⁴International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

walaaanatomy85@yahoo.com

Abstract: Soy-based diets are commonly used not only by human but also for laboratory and domesticated animals. Recently, there is a great deal of argument surrounding soy foods, mostly due to their phytoestrogens content. No data existed about the potential interactive effects of isoflavone mixture present in soybean on the embryonic growth and development, therefore, this work aimed to investigate the teratogenic effect of dietary phytoestrogens given to the pregnant albino rats on different body organs of the foeti during this critical period of in-utero development. A total 30 pregnant albino rats were divided into three groups (10 rats for each): A control group fed on casein based diet free from soybeans, the second group received low phytoestrogenic diet containing 20% soybeans and the third group was fed on high phytoestrogenic diet containing 30% soybeans. All groups were treated from gestation day (GD) zero through (GD) 20. Dams were sacrificed on GD 20 and foeti were examined grossly and microscopically. High phytoestrogen maternally treated foeti showed clear increase in the resorption ratio with marked decrease in the body weight and head size and evidence of encephalocele, microophthalmia, club-foot with histopathological lesions in cerebral cortex, spinal cord, liver, lung, heart, kidney and adrenal gland. Our entire findings confirmed that exposure to a mixture of phytoestrogens present in soybean during the critical periods of development especially the prenatal period possessed a high risk not only on the animal but also on the human.

[El-Mahdy, T.O.M.; El-Nahla, S.M.M.; Takahashi, S.; Basha, W.A. Possible Hazards of Soybean Phytoestrogens Ingestion on in-Utero Development of Albino Rats. Nat Sci 2017;15(2):118-128]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17. doi:10.7537/marsnsj150217.17.

Key words: soy-based, phytoestrogen, developmental, in-utero, fetus

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