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Effect of blanching on kinetic parameters for quality attributes in frozen vegetables

Samah, M. Ismael

Home Economic Department, Vacuity of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Corresponding author: samahdr2@hotmail.com

Abstract: The effects of blanching in three different solutions, tap water as a control, 0.1% carbonate magnesium MgCO₃ and 0.2% bicarbonate ammonium NH₂HCO₃ on vitamin C, chlorophyll (a and b), residual lipoxygenase (LOX), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, color change, organolyptic measurements and quality changes in green bean and Egyptian mallow were studied at zero, 60, 120, 180 days during frozen storage at -12 and -18ºC. No regeneration of LOX and POD activities were detected in frozen-stored samples. The degradations of vitamin C and chlorophylls followed first-order kinetics. The half-time of vitamin C, in blanched green bean ranged from 3.24 to 6.66 months during storage, chlorophylls a and b derivatives ranged from 3.11 to 64.21 months. Blanching of green bean at 96ºC for 2.5 min and 98ºC for 1.5 min increased the half-time of vitamin C, while it decreased those of chlorophylls a and b. Overall results suggested that blanching by 0.2% NH₂HCO₃ was the best treatment to retain quality parameters such as vitamin C and chlorophyll pigments during a storage period of 6 months at -18ºC.

[Samah, M. Ismael. Effect of blanching on kinetic parameters for quality attributes in frozen vegetables. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):1-11]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.01

Key words: Green bean, Egyptian mallow; Shelf-life; Frozen vegetables; Vitamin C; Oxidative enzymes; Color; sensory evaluation

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Characterization of plant spacing best fit for economic yield, fiber quality, whitefly and CLCuV disease management on upland cotton

Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas¹, *Muhammad Rafiq Shahid¹, Abid Mahmmood¹ and Qurban Ali²

^1.  Cotton Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan

^2.  Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

Corresponding author’s email: shahid1364@yahoo.com

Abstract: In order to find out best fit plant spacing for upland cotton an experiment was conducted at cotton Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2012. Treatments were four spacing (plant to plant and row to row) with 2 varieties. From the results it was found that traits like days taken to first bud, first flower, number of bolls, number of monopodial as well as sympodial branches and boll weight directly contributed toward economic yield of seed cotton. Economic yield of tested varieties i.e., FH-114 possessed more yield (1571.5 kg/ha) as compared with FH-4243 (1200.0 kg/ha). Based on the results of interaction between varieties and spacing, economic yield of both varieties was improved in 75×15cm combination (1492.7 Kg/ha), however yield showed declining trend under high population/dense spacing 37.5×15 cm (1282.1 kg/ha). Dense spacing declined the economic yield (1282.1 kg/ha), fiber quality (5.1µg/inch), but promoted whitefly (9.0/leaf) and cotton leaf curl disease incidence (81.6%) as compared with 4.7/leaf whitefly and 55.4% disease incidence in 75×30cm spacing combination. Incidence of whitefly and disease successively increased with dense spacing and plant populations. From the results it was concluded that proper plant and row spacing is very much important for increasing yield and productivity of cotton, however bet fit plant spacing for FH-114 and FH-4243 was 75x15cm combination for row and plant spacing respectively.

[Abbas GH, Shahid MR, Mahmood A, Ali Q. Characterization of plant spacing best fit for economic yield, fiber quality, whitefly and CLCuV disease management on upland cotton. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):12-16]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.02

Keywords: cotton growth behavior, single and multistem, factorial design, varietal and spacing interaction

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First Language Acquisition and Socialization: Children as Socialization Agent

Saeedeh Mansouri

Faculty Member, Islamic Azad University, Chalous Branch, Mazandaran, Iran

s3724m@gmail.com

Abstract: In order to make a fuller interpretation of First language socialization processes in intercultural communication contexts, this study looks into the basic assumptions of language socialization and the tenets of Socialization agent studies before arguing for the feasibility of weaving the two research paradigms to create a more inclusive theoretical framework of intercultural language socialization. An elaboration of such a framework holds promise to enable a more panoramic interrogation of the joint development of L2 learners’ language competence and sociocultural knowledge in complex intercultural communicative contexts. This effort will not only expand and enrich the two research paradigms themselves, but also compensate for the dearth of research in this interdisciplinary field.

[Saeedeh Mansouri. First Language Acquisition and Socialization: Children as Socialization Agent. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):17-28]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.03

Keywords: Socialization agent, First language socialization

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Evaluation of Uterine Straightening by Bladder Distention as Anew Modality in Office Hysteroscopy

Walaa M. ElBasuone, ALsaid Elsayed A. Asker, Mahmoud F.Midan, Mahmoud S. Rade

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.

walaa_abuzaid@hotmail.com

Abstract: Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate and assess the effeteness of uterine straightening by bladder distention for minimizing time, pain and easy cervical entry during office hysteroscopy. Subjects and methods: Hundred patients indicated for office hysteroscopy (OH), were randomly classified into two groups: Full bladder group: included 50 patients. They were encouraged to drink 500 ml of water and were not allowed to urinate before the OH. Prior to the OH, we performed an ultrasound examination to ensure the status of the patient’s bladder. . The urine volume was measured and also the patients were asked whether they felt the sensation for urination. Uterine straightening was accepted when the angle between the uterine cavity and cervix was greater than 120 degrees, as determined by transabdominal ultrasonography. Empty bladder (control) group: Included 50 patients, who did not have an empty bladder, were asked to urinate. Results: We found that pain score was lower among full bladder group (4.13 and 4.52 respectively), but with no statistically significant difference. Also, patient acceptability was higher among full bladder than control group (3.17and 2.83respectively), but with no statistically significant difference. On the other hand, the duration of the procedure was longer with empty bladder (2.1±1.2 min) than full bladder (1.37±0.52 min), with statistically significant difference. Similarly, cervical entry was easier among full bladder than control group (3.73and 3.17respectively), with statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Bladder distension seems to be an effective method for decreasing the duration and making ease of cervical entry during office hysteroscopic procedure. Bladder distension doesn’t have a significant effect on pain score or patient acceptability. The effect of bladder distension was prominent among multiparous women, while there was no evidence of such effects in relation to the age of the patient and the indication of hysteroscopy.

[Walaa M. ElBasuone, Mahmoud F. Midan, Mahmoud S. Rade, ALsaid Elsayed A. Asker. Evaluation of Uterine Straightening by Bladder Distention as Anew Modality in Office Hysteroscopy. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):29-35]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.04

Keywords: Office hysteroscopy, bladder distention, cervical dilatation, pain

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Study Development of Biotechnology in Agriculture Section in Iran

Fariba Eghbalsefat Ronaghi

MSc in Agricultural Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

eghbalfariba@yahoo.com

Abstract: The purpose of this research was descriptive, correlational and identifies factors driving development of biotechnology in the agricultural sector of Iran. The current path of research and development show that the difference between industrial and developing countries in the application of biotechnology to agriculture and economic development are increasingly expands. Access to the technology needed to examine the benefits and pitfalls of this technology. The target population included all experts Alborz province's agricultural sector (N=196), which the number 126 proportional stratified sampling as a statistical sample were selected using the Krejcie & Morgan table and finally, 123 questionnaires were analyzed (n = 123). The validity using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha was obtained. Descriptive findings showed that consistency is the most important indicator of development of biotechnology in agriculture. Also, the results showed that economic factors, information, education, advocacy and the government and its policies are the most important driving factors of agricultural development. The results of the analytical results showed that the factors driving the development of biotechnology with the development of biotechnology in the agricultural sector there is a significant relationship. Multiple linear regressions on economic factors, educational and extension privatization and able to analyze the 32.30 percent of the variability in development of biotechnology in agricultural sector of Iran have the educational and extension agent had the most important role.

[Fariba Eghbalsefat Ronaghi. Study Development of Biotechnology in Agriculture Section in Iran. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):36-43]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.05

Keywords: of biotechnology, Promoter factors, Agriculture section

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Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on the Toxicity of Cyclophosphamide in the Testes of rats: Influence of Pre- and Post-Treatment Schedule

Eman S. Abd EL-Reheem¹; Ayman M. Mahmoud^1*; Abeer M. Abd El-Hameed²; Hanan A. Soliman²

¹Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

²Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

ayman.mahmoud@science.bsu.edu.eg

Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular damage in rats. CP-induced male Wistar rats were either pre-treated or concurrently supplemented with 20 mg/kg body weight CIN for 7 days. CP administration induced severe testicular damage evidenced by the histopathological alterations including extensive interstitial hemorrhage in-between seminiferous tubules, complete separation between different stages of spermatogenic cells, vacuoles within spermatogenic cells and disorganization of spermatogenic cells. CIN supplementation potentially alleviated the histological architecture of CP-induced rats. Lipid peroxidation, a convenient marker of oxidative stress, showed a significant elevation in testicular tissue of CP-induced rats. On the other hand, reduced glutathione content and activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly declined in testes of CP-induced rats. CIN markedly decreased testicular lipid peroxidation and ameliorated the antioxidant defenses. In conclusion, CIN has protective effect against CP-induced testicular injury in rats probably mediated through its ability to attenuate oxidative stress.

[Eman S. Abd EL-Reheem; Ayman M. Mahmoud; Abeer M. Abd El-Hameed and Hanan A. Soliman. Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on the Toxicity of Cyclophosphamide in the Testes of rats: Influence of Pre- and Post-Treatment Schedule. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):44-51]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.06

Key words: Cinnamaldehyde, cyclophosphamide, oxidative stress, testicular injury

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Common Antiseptics: Mechanism Of Action And Its Uses In Animal

Ayalew Negash and Nezif Mohammed

Faculity of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health science, University of Gondar, P.o.box. 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

ayalewnegash2014@gmail.com, nezifm57@gmail.com

Abstract: Antiseptics are extensively used in Hospital and other health care setting for a variety of topical applications. In particular antiseptics are essential part of infection control practice and aid in the prevention of nosocomial infection. A wide variety of active chemical agents (biocides) are found in these products, many of which have been used for hundreds of years including alcohol and iodine. Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium permanganates are also among the commonly used antiseptics. Most of these active agents demonstrate broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Antiseptics may have lethal effect (e.g., Sporocidal, virucidal and bactericidal) or static effect on microorganisms. They are applied to unbroken skin or mucus membrane, to burns and to open wounds to prevent sepsis by removing or excluding microbes from this area. The efficacy of antiseptics affected by several factors including: concentration and contact time, temperature, ph, presence of organic other material, type and concentration of offending organism. Therefore, selecting of appropriate antiseptic is critical before use for particular purpose.

[Ayalew Negash and Nezif Mohammed. Common Antiseptics: Mechanism Of Action And Its Uses In Animal. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):52-56]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.07

Key words: Antiseptic, Cidal, Efficacy, Static, Topical.

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Between Soil Quality Index and Soil Mapping Units

Obi, C.I., Onweremadu E.U and Uzoho, B.U

Department of Soil Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B 1526 Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. +2348032687760. innocentck@yahoo.com

Abstract: Application of the soil quality index in soil maps would be a good idea to quickly guide management decisions. Soil quality index was deduced for each of six mapping units of three locations in three southeastern Nigerian soils namely Imo, Abia and Akwa Ibom States. Rigid grid soil survey technique was used to cut traverses abound the three states that fell on a straight transect. A profile pit was dug in each of the grids, described and sampled according to the guidelines of FAO (2006). Soil samples were prepared in the laboratory and analysis was carried out for 12 minimum data set of parameters that made up the indicators for a quality index. Soil quality index was calculated by a simple mathematical formular using the scoring functions according to a procedure by Obi et al. (2016). Soil mapping units were delineated based on differences in the soil quality index which emanated from the soil quality indicator differences. Results showed that geomorphology of the areas that were designated soil mapping unit A had gently sloping landform of 2 to 4 % slopes with slight sheet erosion, soil mapping unit B had strongly sloping landscapes of 4 to 8 % slopes with severe sheet erosion and gullies while soil mapping unit C were on a flat valley bottom with alluvial or coastal deposits with slopes ranging from 2 to 6 % having moderate sheet erosion and gullies. Most of the soil profiles were deep (≥ 140 cm) and well drained. Soils that fell under mapping units A, B and C had; high (SQI = 0.76), intermediate (SQI ≥ 0.51 ≤ 0.61) and a low (SQI ≥ 0.40 ≤ 0.43) quality index respectively. Classification based model in digital soil mapping where soil quality index will be used as the predictor variable would give an immediate understanding of the knowledge of soil or its environmental history.

[Obi, C.I., Onweremadu E.U and Uzoho, B.U. Between Soil Quality Index and Soil Mapping Units. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):57-61]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.08

Keywords: Soil mapping units, minimum data set, soil quality index, scoring function

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Genetic variability among different traits of Convolvulous arvensis

Muhammad Abu Bakar Jaffar^1*, Qurban Ali², Muhammad Zeeshan Ali¹, Muhammad Waqar Anwar¹, Farooq Ahmad Khan¹ and Idrees Ahmad Nasir²

^1.  Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

^2.  Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

Corresponding author’s email: abjafar3@gmail.com

Abstract: Weeds caused an adverse effect on crop plant yield and also act as major competitor to crop plants. Convovulous arvensis is an important weed plant that caused loss in various crop plant species as it enroll the whole plant body and compete for water, nutrients, minerals and even sunlight. A study was conducted at Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan during February 2016. Data on various morphological traits was recorded by collecting C. arvensis from three different locations. Significant differences were found among the locations and traits studied. GGEbiplot indicated that the plant growth and development of C. arvensis plants was found higher at location 1 as compared with other both locations. Strong and significant correlation was reported among most of studied traits. It was suggested that the C. arvensis must be controlled to reduce crop plant yield losses through the use of manual, chemical and agronomic practices for removal of weeds. The use of transgenic crop plants may be an advantage for improving yield and production of crop plants.

[Jaffar MAB, Ali Q, Ali MZ, Anwar MW, Khan FA and Nasir IA. Genetic variability among different traits of Convolvulous arvensis. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):62-65]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.09

Keywords: Convovulous arvensis, weeds, locations, correlation, genetic variability, GGEbiplot

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Use of Radiations to Study Useful Mutations in Zea mays for Grain Yield: A Review

Irfan Haidar¹, Muhammad Ahsan¹, Qurban Ali^1,2, Muhammad Sajjad¹, Muhammad Uzair¹, Rabia Kalsoom¹ and Saif-Ul-Malook*^,1

^1.  Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

^2.  Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

*Corresponding author Email: saifulmalookpbg@gmail.com

Abstract: Mutations have served as vehicle of progress in evolution as well as in improvement of living organisms in terms of their utility in breeding. Variation is pre-requisite for maize breeding.  The present review will describe about the use of radiations for the induction of mutation in maize genome. Various studies have been carried out to evaluate maize under the use of different radiation doses. It was concluded that higher heritability, genetic advance, general and specific combining ability, strong genotypic and phenotypic correlation, additive and dominance gene action for grain yield per plant, 100-grain weight, cob girth, cob length and cob weight may be used for the development of synthetic as well as hybrids to improve grain yield of maize through mutation breeding program.

[Haidar I, Ahsan M, Ali Q, Sajjad M, Uzair M, Kalsoom R and Malook SU. Use of Radiations to Study Useful Mutations in Zea mays for Grain Yield: A Review. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):66-75]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.10

Key Words: mutation, radiations, gene action, Zea mays, genome, hybrid, grain yield

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Behavior of 6-Iodobenzoxazinone towards some Nitrogen nucleophiles and evaluation of 4(3H) - Quinazolinones derivatives as potential Antimicrobial agents.

M. A. El-Hashash^(a), Assy, M. G^(b),* Aly A. Aly^(d), Abdel Aziz, A. E^(b)

^(a)Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

^(b) Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

*E –mail: profmassy@yahoo.com

^(c) Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

Abstract: The present work deals with synthesis of new quinazolinone derivatives of biological interest, via the reaction of 6 - iodo - 4H - 3, 1 - benzoxazin 2 with some nitrogen nucleophiles namely; 2 - aminopyridine, glycine, o- phenylene diamine, ethylene diamine , ethanolamine and made hydrazinolysis of benzoxazinone 2 in boiling butanol afforded 3 - amino - 6 - iodo - 2 - phenyl -3H- quinazolin – 4 – one (6), the formed compounds characterized through its elemental analysis, melting point, IR, Mass, ¹H-NMR as well as studying the bilogical evaloation of synthsisted compounds as antimicrobial.

[M. A. El-Hashash, Assy, M. G, Aly A. Aly, Abdel Aziz, A. E. Behavior of 6-Iodobenzoxazinone towards some Nitrogen nucleophiles and evaluation of 4(3H) - Quinazolinones derivatives as potential Antimicrobial agents. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):76-84]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.11

Keywords: 6 - Iodo - 4H -3, 1 - benzoxazin - 4 - one; quinazolinone derivatives; nitrogen nucleophiles; antimicrobial.

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Epidemiology of Cattle Trypanosomosis and Associated Anaemia in Mandura District

¹Getachew Dinede and ²Asmamaw Aki

¹Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Epidemiology Directorate, P.O. Box: 1084, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

²Regional veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O.Box:326, Asossa, Ethiopia

Tel: +251 116676953; Email: dinedegech@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was conducted in Mandura district of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia between May and June, 2015 to determine trypanosomosis status, anemia association with trypanosomosis, trypanosomes species and to identify associated risks. Dark phase contrast buffy coat procedures were used for determining prevalence. Whereas, haematocrit method was used for packed cell volume (PCV) values determination. Furthermore, traps were deployed for the purpose of entomological survey. Of the total animals diagnosed 52/391(13.3%) were trypanosomes positive. Trypanosoma vivax 48/52(92.30%) and Trypanosoma congolense 2/52(3.85%) were detected with their mixed infections 2/52(3.85%). Trypanosomes infection rate was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of parasitaemic animals was lower (20.94% +3.02) than that of aparasitaemic animals (24.62% + 1.89) and the variation was statistically significant (P<0.002). Among the examined animals, 44.24% (173/391) were found anaemic. Anaemia distribution was significantly higher (63.5%) in infected cattle than in non-infected (41.29%). Study sites (p<0.0001) and age categories were demonstrated significant risk factors, however, sex groups and body conditions were found non-significant (P> 0.05). During the survey, Glossina tachinoides was found in the area (0.91 f/t/d) along with other mechanical vectors such as stomoxys (6.72 f/t/d), haematopota (5.32 f/t/d) and tabanus (0.08 f/t/d). To summarize, the current study showed high trypanosomosis prevalence in the area reflecting the need for strategic control measures.

[Getachew Dinede, Asmamaw Aki. Epidemiology of Cattle Trypanosomosis and Associated Anaemia in Mandura District. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):85-90]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.12

Key words: Anaemia; Mandura; PCV; Risk factor; Trypanosomosis; Tsetse fly

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Application Of Biosynthesised Riboflavin From Bacillus Subtilis Ag06 In Enhanced Solar Disinfection Of Water Samples

Ajunwa, O.M.¹ and Audu, J.O.^2*

^1. Department of Microbiology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria

^2. Department of Laboratory Technology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria

j3suwa@yahoo.com

Abstract: The effects of solar radiation in disinfection of water have been activated as a growing technology in less developed areas of the world. One mechanism of solar disinfection has been attributed to cellular damage as a result of the alteration and intoxication induced by ultra violet (UV) rays on the respiratory systems inherent within the microbial cell envelopes. Riboflavin as a major factor in microbial cellular respiratory activities within the cell membrane has potentials of UV-coupled catalysis of cellular damage against water borne microorganisms in solar disinfection systems. Bacillus subtilis AG06 was used in biosynthesizing riboflavin using glucose minimal salt (GMS) medium. Highest riboflavin production of 90mg/L was obtained at culture conditions of 36h incubation, pH 7.2 and temperature 40^oC.  Different concentrations (30, 60, and 90mg/L) of biosynthesized riboflavin (at constant volume of 100ml) was applied in local solar disinfection set-ups using 1.5L polyethelene teraphtalate bottles containing clear water samples at varying times (2, 4 and 6 hours) starting from 10am. Microbial load of treated and untreated water samples was observed spectrophotometrically (at 600nm) and culturally (plating on Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Chloramphenicol-Yeast extract agar), showing a reduction in microbial life in treated samples and continuous growth in untreated samples. The highest values of reduction in total microbial life (up to 90%) were observed in set-ups supplemented with 100ml of 90mg/L riboflavin at 6h solar exposure. Riboflavin augmented solar disinfection systems have proven to be a simple means of enhanced domestic water disinfection for resource-poor settings.

[Ajunwa, O.M, Audu, J.O. Application of biosynthesised riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis AG06 in enhanced solar disinfection of water samples. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):91-96]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.13

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, riboflavin, ultra violet rays, water disinfection

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Hematological Parameters of sheep: An Aid in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal (GIT) and Respiratory Diseases

¹Kefyalew Chirkena, ²Sisay Getachew, ³Gashaw Beyene and ⁴Getachew Dinede

¹Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Veterinary Public Health Directorate, P.O. Box: 1084, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

²Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Livestock Identification and Traceability System, P.O. Box: 1084, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

^{3, 4} Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Epidemiology Directorate, P.O. Box: 1084, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tel: +251 116676953; Email: dinedegech@gmail.com

Abstract: The present hematological study was conducted on sheep to assess the hematological parameters of apparently normal and diseased sheep as a diagnostic tool for GIT and respiratory diseases. A total of 36 blood samples were collected from 12 apparently normal sheep (6 from each sex) and 24 diseased ones. In the latter case, 12 sheep with GIT diseases were sampled comprising 6 sheep from each sex. Likewise, 12 sheep with respiratory diseases were sampled constituting 6 sheep from each sex. The blood samples collected were subjected to laboratory analysis to determine ESR, Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and DLC. Erythrocytic indices were calculated from the values of Hb, PCV and TEC. In apparently normal sheep, the mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC were significantly higher in males than females and it was observed statistically significant (P<0.05). In GIT infected sheep as compared to apparently normal ones, the mean values of Hb, PCV, TEC, MCHC and Lymphocyte in males were found to be decreased, where as ESR and TLC in females were significantly increased (P<0.05). The mean values of TLC and neutrophils in males with respiratory infections were significantly increased where as lymphocytes were decreased as compared to apparently normal ones. The values of ESR, TLC, eosinophils and monocytes were significantly higher (P<0.05) in diseased females than the apparently normal ones. In similar condition, the mean values of TLC and Neutrophils in diseased males were significantly increased (p<0.05), where as lymphocytes were decreased when compared with apparently normal males.

[Chirkena K, Getachew S, Beyene G and Dinede G. Hematological Parameters of sheep: An Aid in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal (GIT) and Respiratory Diseases. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):97-102]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.14

Key words: GIT infections; Hematological parameters; normal conditions; Respiratory infections; Sheep

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Evaluation of Serum Osteopontin Level as a Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients

Yasser M.M. EL-Dessouky¹, Bahy El-Dein E.M. El-Bahnasawy² and Gamal Abd El-Raouf El-Kheshen³

¹ Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

² Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

³ Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

eldessoukyyasser@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) depends mainly on its early diagnosis. Biomarkers of HCC are helpful in screening, diagnosis and follow up of cases. The performance of traditional biomarkers is not satisfactory. Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycoprotein secreted by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, macrophages and T cells, and is over-expressed in a variety of tumors, including carcinomas of liver, stomach, breast, lung, colon, and prostate. The aim of this study was to identify a biomarker that could improve alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) performance in HCC surveillance among Egyptian patients with cirrhosis. Methods: The study population included 80 subjects divided into three groups. Group I: included 30 patients with HCC (proved by combined spiral computed tomography and ultrasonography), Group II: included 30 patients with liver cirrhosis (proved by clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings), Group III: included 20 healthy subjects serving as controls. The serum level of OPN and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for all participants were assessed. Results: OPN plasma levels were significantly elevated in HCC patients, compared to cirrhosis, or healthy controls. OPN had higher sensitivity (93.3%) than AFP (42.6%) for selective detection of the HCC group over the non-HCC groups. OPN alone or in combination with AFP had significantly better area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, compared to AFP. OPN also had a sensitivity (74.33%; 95% CI: 60.29-88.81) in AFP-negative HCC. The sensitivity reached (100%; 95% CI: 71.51%-100.00%) when both serum levels were elevated. Conclusion: OPN was more sensitive than AFP for the diagnosis of HCC. These data propose elevated serum OPN levels as a potential biomarker for HCC in Egyptian patients.

[Yasser M.M. EL-Dessouky, Bahy El-Dein E.M. El-Bahnasawy and Gamal Abd El-Raouf El-Kheshen. Evaluation of Serum Osteopontin Level as a Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):103-112]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.15

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Osteopontin, Alpha-fetoprotein

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Comparative Study between Carbetocin versus Oxytocin and Ergometrinein Prevention of Post-Partum Haemorrhage

Hassan Ahmed Abdrabo

Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Islamic Center for Population studies and Researches

Abstract: Objective: The study aims at evaluation of effect of carbetocin in preventing postpartum haemorrhage compared with oxytocin and ergometrine. Study Design: Double-blind randomized single center study. Setting: This study was carried out at Sayed Galal University Hospital between March 2014 to June 2015. Patients and Methods: The study population consists of 100 pregnant patients attending emergency unit for delivery between completed 37 weeks and 41 weeks of gestation of non-complicated pregnancy. Undergoing elective or urgent caesarean section under regional anesthesia was randomly divided into two equal groups: Group A: Included Fifty womens injected intravenously by one ml solution of 100µg carbetocin (Pabal®, Ferring) over one minute immediately after fetal delivery. Group B: included Fifty womens injected intravenously by 10IU oxytocin (syntocinon®, Novartis) plus 0.5mg ergometrine (Methergine®, Novartis) immediately after fetal delivery. Results: There is no significant difference between both groups regarding primary outcome (primary PPH), blood transfusions, fall in hematocrit (P > 0.05). Significantly, more women need additional uterotonic drugs in the oxytocin and ergometrine group than carbetocin group (42% versus 14%); P value < 0.05, Oxytocin (bolus or infusion) was the additional uterotonic drug for the majority of women. Uterotonics failed to prevent and control PPH in 7 patients (three patients in carbetocin group and four patients in oxytocin and ergometrine group) who required further surgical management, this difference was statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both drugs are equally effective in prevention of atonic postpartum hemorrhage. However, a single injection of carbetocin appears to be more effective than oxytocin and ergometrine to reduce use of additional oxytocic agents.

[Hassan Ahmed Abdrabo. Comparative Study Between Carbetocin Versus Oxytocin And Ergometrinein Prevention Of Post-Partum Haemorrhage. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):113-118]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.16

Keywords: carbetocin, oxytocin, postpartum hemorrhage

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Proximal Femoral Nail of unstable Trochanteric Fractures

Mohamed Abou El Magd, Hussein Abdelrahman, Gamal Salah el deen el morsy, Abdelrahman Elbeshbeshy and Ahmed Abdelhameed

OrthopadicDepartment, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Thirty five patients with unstable trochanteric fractures of the proximal femur were treated with proximal femoral nail between January 2011 to February 2013, 4 patients died due unrelated medical condition and 3 patients were lost fellowup within 8 months were excluded from the study. A Total of 28 patients (16 woman & 12 males) with 28 unstable trochanteric fractures A2 (N= 13) and A3 (n= 15) formed the basis of this study. The average age was 62 with range (55- 86 years). The average time to union was 3 months with range (3-7 months). All the fractures were healed within (3-7 months) except, two cases had nonunion. Fellow up averaged 18 months with range (12-24 months), there were 10 excellent, 12 good, 4 fair, 2 poor. The method proved to be safe and effective with minimal complications.

[Mohamed Abou El Magd, Hussein Abdelrahman, Gamal Salah el deen el morsy, Abdelrahman Elbeshbeshy Ahmed Abdelhameed. Proximal Femoral Nail of unstable Trochanteric Fractures. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):119-124]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 17.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.17

Key words: Unstable trochanteric fractures, proximal femoral nail

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Combined effect of closed-kinetic chain and open-kinetic chain exercises on a traumatic shoulder instability

Gamal Salaheldin, and Essraa Mahmuod Abdelaziz Farag

Out-Patient Clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Egypt

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: Background: The atraumatic multidirectional instability of the shoulder is a complex problem in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Distinct from multidirectional hyperlaxity, multidirectional instability has symptoms related with increased translations in more than one direction. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of closed-kinetic chain and open-kinetic chain exercises in treatment of patients with atraumatic shoulder instability. Methods: Twenty patients had participated in this study; with age ranged for eighteen to forty years, they were randomly assigned into two experimental groups. Group A consisted of 10 patients with median age of 23.5 (20.0-40.0) years, received closed and open kinetic chain exercises program. Group B consisted of another 10 patients with median age of 24 (20.0-29.0) years, received a program of open kinetic chain exercises only. Treatment was given 3 times/ week, every other day, for 4 consecutive weeks. Patients were evaluated pre and post treatment for their shoulder functional ability, shoulder joint’s stability, and shoulder pain. Results: the results revealed that there were no statistical significant differences between both groups after treatment regarding the improvement in shoulder functional ability, pain, and shoulder joint’s stability. Conclusion: Closed and open kinetic chain exercises yield similar effects of pain level, function, and stability of the glenohumeral joint in subjects with atraumatic multidirectional shoulder instability after four weeks of treatment.

[Gamal Salaheldin, and Essraa Mahmuod Abdelaziz Farag. Combined effect of closed-kinetic chain and open-kinetic chain exercises on a traumatic shoulder instability. Nat Sci 2016;14(5):125-138]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 18.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140516.18

Key words: Atraumatic shoulder instability, kinetic chain exercises physical therapy

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