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Range expansion: A case study of the bark beetle Scolytus nitidus Schedl (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Kashmir

Abdul A. Buhroo* and Abdul Lateef Khanday

Postgraduate Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006 (India)

*Corresponding author: abuhroo@yahoo.com

Abstract: Many insects have expanded their host range to naive host trees, and thereby have become major pests. Scolytus nitidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a polyphagous species that attacks different fruit trees in Kashmir and is reported for the first time to develop on Himalayan birch (Betula utilis) and thus extended its host range from primary host trees. In the present study, the status of incidence of the bark beetle S. nitidus on Himalayan birch (B. utilis) was also determined. Among the six sites (S1-S6) chosen for the study, the incidence of the borer was observed highest in the S3 and S4 i.e., 14.28% and 12.85% respectively followed by the S1 and S6 i.e., 12.29% and 9.38% respectively. The overall infestation recorded at these sites was 10.40%. The highest mean of trunk diameter at the breast height (d.b.h.) of the infested trees was observed at S4 and S3 i.e., 37.22 cm (±1.05 SE) and 36.86 cm (± 1.30 SE) respectively followed by the S1 and S2 i.e., 33.88 cm (± 2.21 SE) and 26.50 cm (± 2.50 SE) respectively. In our study, we also evaluated relationship between mean trunk diameter of infested trees and percentage of infestation by the beetle pest.

[Buhroo AA, Khanday AL. Range expansion: A case study of the bark beetle Scolytus nitidus Schedl (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Kashmir. Nat Sci 2016; 14(2):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.01

Keywords: Range expansion, Betula utilis, incidence, Scolytus nitidus, Scolytinae

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Investigating the banking system's competitiveness effect on the financial stability in Iran

Zeinab Golestani 1, Dr. Reihaneh Gaskari 2

1. Master of business administration (Finance), Persian Gulf international Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, iran

2. Assistant professor, Department of Economy, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

Abstract: Nowadays the economy of the countries is affected by the banking industry. On the one hand, banks as an enterprise collect deposits from society, and on the other hand grant financial facilities to current activities. Competitiveness in the banking system along with the development of financial stability could affect the economy, and would be of great help to policy-makers and economic planners to achieve economic prosperity of the country. Present paper investigated the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking system, the ratio of doubtful accounts to financial properties, and net interest margin to financial stability among eight banks in Iran using econometric panel data from 1385 to 1391. The results indicated that all the model's independent variables had significant relationship with financial stability. With respect to the coefficients of the model, the relationship between competitiveness and financial stability was positive and the relationship of doubtful accounts and earnings with financial stability was negative. In other words, increase in competitiveness between the banks would lead to financial stability and banks as an effective financial firms could provide economic growth of the country.

[Zeinab Golestani, Reihaneh Gaskari. Investigating the banking system's competitiveness effect on the financial stability in Iran. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):7-13]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.02

Keywords: competitiveness, financial stability, panel data, banking system

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Cadastral Registration In Relation To Land Re-Planning

Ph.D, Bolormaa B.¹, MSc. Buyandelger M.²

NUM, School of Arts and Science, Department of Geography¹

MSUA, School of Agro ecology, PhD student²

e-mail: bolor_8315@yahoo.com

Abstract: Urbanization process happening in current Mongolian population settlement is creating more difference in rural and urban development, and leading to increased migration of population from rural to urban area. This in turn creates extensive centralization in Ulaanbaatar, which causes environmental deterioration, pollution, unorganized expansion of city borders, illegal land utilization, shortage of social services and other pressing problems. One of the common solutions to the above urbanization caused problems is land re-planning. In the current time of rapid population growth, there is no single perfect solution; however, testing this method has number of advantages. Land owners start participating in the land re-planning project by protesting /Sorenson 1999/. As a result of re-planning they give share from their land as well as many buildings, houses and businesses are required to move, thus land possessors want to estimate the benefits of re-planning project by the size of land contributed. To make it possible those impacted need to have their size of land determined correctly.

[Bolormaa B., MSc. Buyandelger M. Cadastral Registration In Relation To Land Re-Planning. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):14-21]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.03

Key words: Land cadaster, land registration, cadastral mapping, land re-planning

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Suitability Of Ground And Surface Water Resources For Different Uses In Boh Community Gombe State Northeastern Nigeria

^1*H. Hamidu, ²S.K. Lovelyn, E.Y. ²Mbiimbe, ³S.M. Elatikpo and ⁴G.I. Farida,

¹Department of Geology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.

²Department of Geology Gombe State University Gombe, Nigeria.

³Department of Geology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

⁴Model Secondary School Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Nigeria.

hassanhamidu@yahoo.com

Abstract: Twenty (20) water samples collected from dug wells boreholes and streams from Boh community of Shongom local government area of Gombe state in Nigeria were analysed for their hydrochemical parameters in February 2013, with an attempt to determine their suitability for different uses. The area is located within the Kaltungo inlier, underlain by the Precambrian basement and the sedimentary rocks of the Aptian-Albian Bima sandstone. The physical parameters of PH, temperature, Ec and TDS shows the water to be fresh water and within the WHO and NIS standard and utilizable for drinking and other domestic purposes. The chemical parameters analysed gives the following ranges for the anions Cl 10.98-173.62mg/l, F, 0.42-1.72 mg/l, NO₃,18.62-219.27 mg/l, SO₄, 8.86-34.07 mg/l, CO₃, 0.00-5.20 mg/l and HCO₃, 157-427mg/l. The cations analysed gives ranges of values as Na⁺, 0.11-5.88 mg/l, K⁺, 2.16-9.60 mg/l, Ca2+, 33.6-72.02 mg/l, Mg²⁺, 31.16-68.77 mg/l, Fe³⁺, 0.022-2.98 mg/l. However, Pb and As concentrations are within the ranges of 0.00-0.001 mg/l and 0.00-0.005 respectively. All the above ranges of values are within the WHO (2011) and NIS (2007) set standards. Fecal coliform bacterial count ranges between 4-28cfu/100 ml with nine samples having concentration above the acceptable limit of 10cf/100ml making them not suitable for drinking. The values of residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and Salinity reveals the water to be suitable for irrigation purposes. However the hardness values determined indicates the water to be hard and very hard which by classification is not suitable for industrial uses. Analysed samples revealed [CaMgHCO₃] as the only water type in the area with all the chemical parameters originating from the rocks in the area.

[Hamidu, H, Lovely, S.K, Mbiimbe, E.Y, Elatikpo, S.M. and Farida, G.I. Suitability of Groundwater and Surface water resources for Different uses in Boh Community of Gombe state Northeastern Nigeria. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):22-31]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.04

Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry, Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) Utilization, Groundwater, Basement Complex, Bima sandstone, Boh

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Serum uric acid level in patients with cerebrovascular ischemic stroke: relation to initial stroke severity and outcome.

Marwa Abdallah Dawood, Abo Zaid Abdallah Khodair, Maged Kamal Faheem and Shaimaa Mohammed Kasem

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha Egypt.

Dr.marwadawood@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Ischemic stroke remains a major health care problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The role of serum uric acid (SUA) in cerebrovascular ischemic stroke (CVIS) is controversial. It is unclear whether it promotes or protects against the cerebrovascular disease or simply acts as a passive marker of increased risk. Aim of the study: to detect SUA level in acute CVIS patients and to investigate the relationship between it and stroke severity, outcome, and infarction size. Methods and Results: In this case control study, forty CVIS patients (26 males & 14 females) and twenty age matched control subjects were recruited for this study. Serum uric acid was estimated by Uricase method. Assessment of severity of stroke was done based on Canadian Neurological Scale. Assessment of outcome on discharge was done based on Barthel index score. In this study serum uric acid levels were raised in stroke cases when compared to controls on admission. The mean and standard deviation of uric acid were 7.5±2.15 in cases and 4.25±0.88 in controls with significant p value of < 0.001. Cases with high uric acid levels had low severity and outcome scores which indicate poor prognosis. Mean value of SUA level in 4 patients who died was significantly higher than other patients who survived with significant p value of < 0.001. Mean SUA level was higher among patients with large infarction size (mean value: 8.76 mg/dL). Conclusion: Elevated levels of serum uric acid can be used as one of the factors that predicts poor prognosis of ischemic stroke.

[Marwa Abdallah Dawood, Abo Zaid Abdallah Khodair, Maged Kamal Faheem and Shaimaa Mohammed Kasem. Serum uric acid level in patients with cerebrovascular ischemic stroke: relation to initial stroke severity and outcome. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):32-40]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.05

Key words: Serum uric acid, acute cerebrovascular ischemic stroke

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The problematic analysis – the efficiency factor for literary education

Kambarova Saodat Irkinovna, independent researcher

Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizamy, reg. Yakkasaray, Tashkent, 100100, Uzbekistan

mirzoxidt@inbox.uz

Abstract: An importance of choosing a book for the self-dependent reading, an integration between the inside and extracurricular focused classes reading, developing the the fiction idea of the problematic analysis method and of purpose of a writer are specified, as well as, an issue with respect to importance of bibliology culture of the readers. The main requirement for choosing the appropriate and proper work (book) for self-dependent reading is to get teenagers at higher classes obtained trying to achieve a heroism, and be similar to prominent, strong personalities. Exactly the works like this will serve to developing the narrating cultures of readers features related to the pride, proudness, devotion, self-sacrificing, obligation, liaison and patriotism.

[Kambarova Saodat Irkinovna, independent researcher. The problematic analysis – the efficiency factor for literary education. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):41-44]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.06

Key words. Self-dependent reading, culture of reading, the problematic analysis, Al-himik, The Supreme Spirit, The World spirit, dream

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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Ashik Jamil Mahmud¹, A. T. M. Shamsuddoha¹, Md. Nazmul Haque²

^1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

^2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

sumon2539@gmail.com

Abstract: Combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients is necessary for sustainable agriculture that can ensure food production with high quality. In order to study the effect of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on the growth and yield components in rice, an experiment was carried out during December 2013 to June 2014, in randomized block design based on 3 replications. The treatments of vermicompost were given in 4 levels (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 t ha^-1) and 4 levels of chemical fertilizers (0-0-0-0, 50-8-33-6, 100-16-66-12 and 150-24-99-18 kg N, P, K and S ha^-1, respectively). Different levels of vermicompost and NPKS fertilizers showed significant effect on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan29. Results showed that application of medium level of chemical fertilizer with 4 t ha^-1 vermicompost gave the maximum yield. It was observed that over dose of NPKS fertilizers from chemical source decreased rice yield. Results also revealed that the highest plant height, effective tillers hill^-1, flag leaf length, panicle length, filled grains panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were obtained from the combination of 4 t ha^-1 vermicompost with 100 kg ha^-1 N, 16 kg ha^-1 P, 66 kg ha^-1 K, 12 kg ha^-1 S. It was observed that yield of rice can be increased substantially with the judicious application of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer.

[Mahmud AJ, Shamsuddoha ATM, Haque MN. Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L). Nat Sci 2016;14(2):45-54]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.07

Keywords: Grain yield; NPKS fertilizer; organic fertilizer; rice; vermicompost

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Preparation of different formulae from quinoa and different sources dietary fiber to treat obesity in rats

Maha A. Hejazi

Faculty of Home Economics -King Abdul-Aziz Univ., Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: maha.hej@hotmail.com

Abstract: This study was carried to evaluate the quinoa and mixed with different sources from dietary as defatted soybean, carrot powder and resistance starch to give four formulae protects rats from diet induced obesity. Chemical composition, total dietary fractions, phenolic acid, flavonoids compounds and minerals content were determined in raw materials. The results showed that the quinoa mill and soybean had rich amount of protein, dietary fiber and antioxidants. Whereas carrot powder has the highest in sodium contained and also resistance starch give high amount for total dietary fiber fractions. The biological experimental showed that the rats group 1 fed on fat and basal diet as considerable obesity control and the fourth groups were fed on fat and basal diet substituted with 20% from different formulae (from formula number 1 to formula number 4) during four weeks (30 days). At the end of experimental the complete blood picture, total lipid profile, total cholesterol fractions, liver and kidney functions were determined in the fifth groups. The results showed that the increase in complete blood picture as hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells and platelets in the rat groups fed on quinoa because it’s contained a high valuable iron. Significant decreased in total cholesterol, cholesterol fractions (LDL and HDL), triglycerides and total lipid in rats fed on formula 1 contained 60% quinoa and different levels of dietary fiber mixture (15% from both of defatted soybean and carrot). When quinoa and different dietary fiber in the formulae increased the liver functions were decreasing. The kidney function as urea, creatinine and uric acid in rats fed on fat and basal diet the urea, creatinine and uric acid were the lowest from 42.0, 1.13 and 5.73 mg/dl in obesity rats group to 16.0, 0.5 and 2.46 mg/dl in rats group fed on 60% quinoa and different fiber (15% both of defatted soybean and carrot powder). From the results it could be concluded and recommended that the quinoa has an antiobesity activity and could be used as a nutritional supplement for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-associated disorders.

[Maha A. Hejazi. Preparation of different formulae from quinoa and different sources dietary fiber to treat obesity in rats. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):55-65]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.08

Keywords: Preparation; formulae; quinoa; dietary; fiber; obesity; rat

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Photoacoustic and Ac Impedance Measurements for ZnO Varistors with ZnO Nanoparticles Addition

A. Sedky ^1,3, M. I. Youssif ^2,5,* and T. A. El-Brolossy ^3,4

¹Physics Department, Faculty of science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

²Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt

³Physics Department, Faculty of science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, Saudi Arabia

⁴Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

⁵Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

* youssifm@yahoo.com

Abstract: Photoacoustic and AC impedance measurements of ZnO varistors with ZnO nanoparticles addition (≤ 150 nm) are performed by using gas-microphone detection method and precision impedance analyzer, respectively. It is found that the energy gap E_g is slightly decreased from 3.07 eV, for pure sample, to 2.96 eV with increasing ZnO nanoparticles additions up to 50%, followed by an increase of E_g up to 3.07 eV with further increase of ZnO nanoparticles up to 100%. However, these samples have different shapes of spectrum depending on ZnO nanoparticles addition, such as one semicircle, two semicircle, one arc as one quarter of a circle and two arcs. We have found that the conductivity of grains is nearly about 10³ times more than the conductivity of the grain boundaries. The conduction in the grains and grain boundaries occurs in the same process for the additions with 5%, 10%, 50%, and could not be separated by the impedance spectroscopy. Although the dielectric constant is not systematic with ZnO nanoparticles addition, it is generally improved by the additions. Our results are discussed in terms of the nano size of the grains which are localized at the grain boundaries of ZnO.

[A. Sedky^, M. I. Youssif and T. A. El-Brolossy. Photoacoustic and Ac Impedance Measurements for ZnO Varistors with ZnO Nanoparticles Addition. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):66-73]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.09

Keywords: Nanoparticles; ZnO nanoparticles addition; Photoacoustic; Dielectric Constant; Ac-Impedance

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Review role of minerals on environmental pollution

Simin Siri¹, Narges Siri²

^1. Teacher of Natural Science, Master of Health Education, Tarbiat Modarres University

^2. Chemistry teacher, Master of Chemistry, Payam Noor University of Qom

Abstract: Environment massive collection by various factors that influence the evolution of living organisms and components of the Earth's surface over millions of years to come, and therefore will have a direct impact on human activities. This article attempts to examine the role of various minerals and environmental pollution and damaging them as well as their experiences. Environment is a great variety of ecosystems, seas and oceans, forests, mountains and natural surroundings, different biomes ranging diversity of animal and plant species are included. Hence the need to consider both the environment and the balance between nature manipulations with special attention also consider developing standards and work together in protecting the environment. As we know, a significant amount of ore mining activities, mining and metal is coating material in the form of dust in the air, soil, water or methane gas emissions and sporadic adverse effects on human health. Hence, the maximum allowable material mineral-health standards, adverse effects of diseases and cancers associated with the mining industry, special attention was suitable for individual and group health and the culture medium used in immunization and prevention at the primary level, focusing on the pros and cons took precedence under the administration of the new technologies proper working environment, the harmful effects of occupational diseases minimized. In this paper, analytical - descriptive and using the library and internet resources are going to analyze and describe a wide variety of minerals, in addition to the benefits, significant losses that can be harmful to their health, their goal is to target the population examined in the world.

[Simin Siri, Narges Siri. Review role of minerals on environmental pollution. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):74-77]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.10

Keywords: Minerals, pollutants, environment, environmental pollution

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Gully Characterization and Soil Properties in Selected Communities in Ideato South Lga, Imo State, Nigeria

Charles Uwadiae Oyegun, Uchechi Erekaha, Olatunde Sunday Eludoyin

Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

olatunde.eludoyin@uniport.edu.ng

Abstract: The study examined the soil properties and characterization of gully erosion in some selected communities (Isiekenesi, Umuaghobe and Umueshi) in Ideato LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. Gully measurements were done in situ whereby the gully lengths, gully width, gully depth and gully slope were determined. The cross sectional area, volume of soil loss and sediment loss were derived from the main morphometric characteristics using some formulae. Soil samples were collected using soil auger at the 0-15cm depth (topsoil) to investigate the status of soil physical and chemical properties. Findings show that the mean gully depth, mean gully width and mean gully length was 12.06m, 27.73m and 173.24m while the mean sediment loss was 15.25 m³/m². The mean gully length, mean gully width and cross sectional area were highest in Isiekenesi with 225.97m, 32.41m and 234.86m while sediment loss was 21.08 m³/m², 9.86 m³/m² and 16.20 m³/m² in Umueshi, Umuaghobe and Isiekenesi respectively. Findings show that the mean sand content was generally high (62.44%-74.64%). A significant relationship was observed between soil loss and gully slope (r=0.710, p<0.05). The study recommended that afforestation and planting of cover crops and pastures should be encouraged.

[Oyegun CU, Erekaha UN, Eludoyin OS. Gully Characterization and Soil Properties in Selected Communities in Ideato South Lga, Imo State, Nigeria. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):78-86]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.11

Keywords: Afforestation, Gully erosion, Nigeria, Sediment, Soil properties

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A comparative study for the cytological effect of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO bulk on Allium cepa L.

E. A. Abdel-Azeem¹, A.A. El-Ghamery², M.A. El-Kholy³, O. A. Gamal El-Dein⁴

^{1, 2, 3 and 4} Botany & Microbiology department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

osama.ahmed@azhar.edu.eg

Abstract: In this study we compared the cytological effect and chromosomal behavior of root meristems of Allium cepa, induced by ZnO bulk and ZnO nanoparticles (NP). Four different concentrations of ZnO bulk and ZnO nanoparticles (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 ppm) were used to treat the root tips at different durations (2, 4, and 6 hours). The influence of these treatments on germination percentage and radicle length as well as mitotic index and chromosomal aberration was investigated. Our results indicate that all applied concentrations of ZnO bulk and ZnO nanoparticles caused a reduction in seed germination percent and radicle growth, as well as in mitotic index (MI) of Allium cepa seeds as compared to control. These reductions were accompanied by increase in concentration and/or duration of treatment. The total percentage of chromosomal aberrations were variable, with the change in concentrations and duration of treatment. Both bulk ZnO molecules and ZnO nanoparticles, induced different types of chromosomal abnormalities such as micro-nuclei, disturbed chromosomes, chromosomal stickiness, laggards, bridges, chromosomal fragmentation and diagonal. These abnormalities indicates true clastogenic possibility of ZnO bulk and ZnO nanoparticles.

[E. A. Abdel-Azeem, A.A. El-Ghamery, M.A. El-Kholy, O. A. Gamal El-Dein. A comparative study for the cytological effect of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO bulk on Allium cepa L. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):87-96]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.12

Keywords: ZnO bulk (non-nano); ZnO nanoparticles (NPs); Zinc, Allium cepa radicle meristems; mitosis; chromosomal aberrations; mitotic index (MI); seed germination

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Possibility of improving growth, yield and bunch quality of Ruby Seedless grapevines through the application of yeast and summer pruning practice

Ansam S. Abdel-Rahman¹ and Hager I. Tolba²

¹Viticulture Res. Dept., Hort. Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt

²Microbiology Res. Dept., SWE Res. Instit., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt

Abstract: This investigation was conducted for two successive seasons (2014 and 2015) in a private vineyard located at 58 km Cairo-Alex desert road to find out the effect the application of yeast and summer pruning practice on growth, yield and bunch quality of Ruby Seedless grapevines. The chosen vines were eight-year-old, grown in a sandy loam soil, spaced at 2 X 2.75 meters apart and irrigated by the drip irrigation system. The vines were spur-pruned, trained to the bilateral cordon and trellised according to the "T" shape system. Two doses (10 or 20 L/ fed) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis were soil drench applied at three application dates: the 1^st date (after bud burst), the 2^nd date (after shattering) and the 3^rd date (4 weeks after shattering). In addition to, summer pruning was applied included pinching the main shoots before the beginning of bloom and maintaining laterals accompanied with defoliation at veraison stage. The results showed that, the inoculation Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a rate of 20 L/fed + summer pruning treatment, followed by inoculation with Candida tropicalis (20 L/fed) + summer pruning treatment gave the optimum results in comparison with control in both seasons. With respect to microbiological activity in the rhizosphere, it was noticed that the inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis succeeded to increases the population density of total bacterial and yeast. In addition to increase dehydrogenase enzyme activity and CO₂ evolution in the rhizosphere. In addition to, bio inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida tropicalis at a rate of 20 L/fed accompanied with summer pruning resulted in the best yield and its components as well as the best physical properties of bunches, improved the physical and chemical characteristics of berries and ensured the best average leaf area and coefficient of wood ripening. Leaf content of total chlorophyll, cane content of total carbohydrates were also improved. The economical study indicated that bio inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida tropicalis at a rate of 20 L/fed accompanied with summer pruning of Ruby Seedless grapevines gave the highest net income as compared to the control.

[Ansam S. Abdel-Rahman and Hager I. Tolba. Possibility of improving growth, yield and bunch quality of Ruby Seedless grapevines through the application of yeast and summer pruning practice. Nat Sci 2016;14(2):97-106]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13.

doi:10.7537/marsnsj140216.13

Keywords: yield, grapevines, pinching, summer pruning, yeast, Saccharomyces and Candida.

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