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Investigating the banking system's competitiveness effect on the financial stability in Iran

Zeinab Golestani ¹, Dr. Reyhane Gosari ²

^1. Department of business administration (Finance), Persian Gulf international Branch, Islamic Azad university, khorramshahr, Iran

^2. Department of Economy, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran

Abstract: Nowadays the economy of the countries is affected by the banking industry. On the one hand, banks as an enterprise collect deposits from society, and on the other hand grant financial facilities to current activities. Competitiveness in the banking system along with the development of financial stability could affect the economy, and would be of great help to policy-makers and economic planners to achieve economic prosperity of the country. Present paper investigated the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking system, the ratio of doubtful accounts to financial properties, and net interest margin to financial stability among eight banks in Iran using econometric panel data from 1385 to 1391. The results indicated that all the model's independent variables had significant relationship with financial stability. With respect to the coefficients of the model, the relationship between competitiveness and financial stability was positive and the relationship of doubtful accounts and earnings with financial stability was negative. In other words, increase in competitiveness between the banks would lead to financial stability and banks as an effective financial firms could provide economic growth of the country.

[Zeinab Golestani, Dr. Reyhane Gosari. Investigating the banking system's competitiveness effect on the financial stability in Iran. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):1-7]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 1. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.01.

Key words: competitiveness, financial stability, panel data, banking system

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Reproductive and Productive Performance of Poultry Kept in Rural, Peri-Urban and Urban Settings in Assosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia

Nega Mekonnen^1*, Aklilu H Michael², Haimanot Disassa¹

¹Department of Animal Science, Assosa University, P.O. Box 18, Assosa, Ethiopia

²Axsum University, P.O. Box Axum Ethiopia

^*Corresponding author: nega65547@gmail.com

Abstract: This study was carried out from May, 2013- June, 2014 at urban, peri-urban and rural settings of Assosa District in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to compare reproductive and productive performance of poultry kept under small scale management condition at different locations of the study area. By using structured and semi-structured questionnaire, a cross-sectional systematic random survey of 150 households (50 from each study areas) was conducted and necessary information was gathered on reproductive and productive performance of poultry kept at different areas. The study employed different techniques of data analysis including descriptive statistics, ANOVA, index ranking and qualitative analysis. Income was rated as the primary aim of keeping poultry by all respondents in all study locations. Flock size per household was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the urban (12.93) than in peri-urban (10.4 poultry) and rural (8.4 poultry). Average holding of cattle, sheep and goat per household was considerably (p<0.05) higher in rural areas (6.96 cattle, 7.86 goats and 4.2 sheep) than in urban (2.53 cattle, 2.26 goats and 4.33 sheep (6.9) and peri-urban (4.7 cattle, 4.4 goats and 8.0 sheep). While households in urban areas attach highest importance to poultry, cattle followed by sheep and goats are ranked highest by peri-urban and rural households. Households’ in all study areas rated income as the primary aim of keeping poultry. Average households’ estimations showed that age at first egg lying time was earlier in urban (5 months) and peri-urban (5.5 month) than in rural areas (6 months). Difference in socio-economic status, growth and density of population; accessibility to social service, facility and infrastructure among urban, rural and peri-urban residents, resulted in variation on reproductive and productive performance of poultry kept under small scale management condition at three different locations of the study area. Therefore location based development interventions could help to improve reproductive and productive performance of poultry and there by enhance the livelihood of small holders.

[Nega Mekonnen, Aklilu H Michael, Haimanot Disassa. Reproductive and Productive Performance of Poultry Kept in Rural, Peri-Urban and Urban Settings in Assosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):8-14]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 2. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.02.

Keywords: Assosa district, Productive performance, Reproductive performance

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Survey the relationship between adherence to the religious beliefs and the emotional divorce in Iran

Seyedeh Mahboubeh Mousavi¹, Hooshang Zahiri²

¹MSc student of sociology

heshmat790@yahoo.com

Abstract: In addition to the nature of the phenomenon, it is associated with attitude and the phenomenon of divorce is not exempt from this issue, the emotional divorce of issue is an including issues of Iranian family that has created a thin cover on the unhealthy relationships of family and the foundation of healthy relationships between spouses and their children has established serious problems, So many sociologists believed that the fading of religious beliefs is such as factors that plays a key role in the development of the emotional of divorce; therefore the aim of this study is the survey the relationship between adherence to the religious beliefs and the emotional divorce in Iran. To achieve this aim, we are faced with the question that (are there the relationship between the adherence to religious beliefs and of divorce?) In response, it can be assumed that (there is a relationship between the emotional and divorce and adhere to religious beliefs).

[Seyedeh Mahboubeh Mousavi, Hooshang Zahiri. Survey the relationship between adherence to the religious beliefs and the emotional divorce in Iran. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):15-19]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 3. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.03.

Keywords: Religious beliefs, divorce, Iran, the emotional divorce

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The effectiveness of customs at the conclusion of the works and Dissolution of Marriage

Atosa Abbasi ¹, Dr. Faysal Saeidi ²

^1. Department of Law, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.

^2. Department of Law, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract: Discussion marriage (proposal, engagement, etc.) in different societies is a major problem and that is why our jurists and legislators in different fields of jurisprudence and laws of the problem is described. In addition, an important and influential role in how marriage is the norm. We can say that in our society customs official said the demand for marriage proposals from men, although the proposal from the woman seems to be no problem, but it is unorthodox. In our society, marriage and the practice does not occur in the same way anywhere in the proposal, during the engagement, about the relationship between candidates, dowry payments, alimony, and even the dissolution of marriage (divorce and its variants) and so different. In this thesis, we tried to approach the library, to identify sense, common sense, and the status of its application to the background, base, its credibility in society and its impact on marriage, the quality of the proposal, the nomination period, dowry payments, alimony and The role of customs in the liquidation of the institution of marriage and the sanction to be expressed. The results show that although marriage is rooted in religion and our culture is very important in terms of legislation, but of practice in how to propose marriage, betrothal, dowry payments, fees, for example, the Department of Family, and so forth, but with the passage of and in different time zones. The tradition of civil law on marriage, the importance and its role in social resolution. The common effect of court decisions, in particular, are more family court and court judgments, in cases where the law a certain way of making decisions and issuing opinions expressed do not, by tradition, in which the action and the verdict are.

[Atosa Abbasi, Faysal Saeidi. The effectiveness of customs at the conclusion of the works and Dissolution of Marriage. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):20-29]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 4. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.04.

Key words: tradition, matchmaking, betrothal, dowry, marriage, divorce, and nulment of marriage

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Seasonal Influences On The Physicochemistry And Microbiology Of Soils In Industrial Areas In Port Harcourt Area

Ruhuoma Wosu Kinika^* and Lucky Obukowho Odokuma

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. unipas013@gmail.com, Tel: +2348-060-123-331

Abstract: The seasonal influence on the physicochemistry and microbiology of soils in industrial areas in Port Harcourt was investigated. The study sites were categorized into four: high (Trans-Amadi, A), moderate (Waterlines, B), very low (Choba, C) and low (Mile 1, D) industrial areas. The control (Emohua, E) was taken as non-industrial area. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 0-3 using auger into polythene bags and transported to the laboratory for analyses. The mean seasonal variation of total heterotropic bacterial (THB) and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial (HUB), total fungal (TF) and hydrocarbon utilizing fungal (HUF) counts during the dry season showed that the highly industrialized area (A) had more HUB (27.5%) than the none industrialized area (E) which had 0.8%. The HUF was higher (0.9%) in “A” than in “E” (0.5%). The % HUF indicated that “A” with value of 0.9% was higher than “C” (0.6%). Bacterial genera isolated included Staphylococcus, Serratia Micrococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, and Bacillus while fungal, genera characterized were Mucor, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Trichosporon and Sacharomyces. Total petroleum hydrocarbon, oil and grease, total organic carbon, sulphate and magnesium concentrations were also higher in industrialized areas in both seasons. Similarly heavy metals analyses indicated that zinc, nickel, iron and chromium were significantly (P<0.05) higher in industrialized areas than others. The physiochemistry and heavy metals were generally higher in the soil during dry season. There was interplay between soil micro flora and physiochemical parameters. Industrial activities impacted negatively on microbial abundance and diversity in soil environment.

[R. Wosu Kinika and L.O. Odokuma. Seasonal Influences on the Physicochemistry and Microbiology of Soils in Industrial Areas in Port Harcourt Area. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):30-39]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 5. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.05.

Key words: Soil environment, microbial abundance and diversity, industrialized areas, Port Harcourt, seasonal variation, soil micro flora.

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Investigate the role of dust in road accidents in Yazd city

Ali Reza Dehghanpoor¹, Leyla Mirfakharadini Dehaki² (corresponding author), Morteza Falahpoor³

¹Faculty of Climatology department, Payame Noor University, Mehriz, Yazd, Iran.

²department of Climatology, Payame Noor University, Mehriz, Yazd, Iran.

³Faculty of Climatology department, Payame Noor University, Mehriz, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: This research is done for investigation about the role of dust on road crash for Yazd province in the year of 2015. This research is quantitative and description which is done as documentary or description-analytic research. Statistical society of this research is total of documents and statistics about road car crashes on different pivots of Yazd province. In this research statistic of road crashes of Yazd province as the result of dust, concern about years of 2010 to 2014 are considered as statistic sample. Needed information are obtained from files and statistics which presented by meteorology organization, Police Department and toll-house bureau of the province. For analyzing data is used from inference statistic indexes like Ki2 test, Fridman statistic, Pierson correlation coefficient and regression. The results showed that increasing in frequency of dust phenomenon is caused of increasing in total car crashes in Yazd province (correlation coefficient of 0.75). In the under study time period, 55.6 percent of cause of crashes is dust phenomenon and 44.4 percent of causes are the other circumstances.

[Ali Reza Dehghanpoor, Leyla Mirfakharadini Dehaki, Morteza Falahpoor. Investigate the role of dust in road accidents in Yazd city. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):40-46]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 6. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.06.

Key words: climate factors, dust role, road crashes and Yazd province, circumstances

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The relationship between climatic factors of dust than other climatic factors in road accidents

Ali Reza Dehghanpoor¹, Leyla Mirfakharadini Dehaki² (corresponding author), Morteza Falahpoor³

¹Faculty of Climatology department, Payame Noor University, Mehriz, Yazd, Iran.

²Department of Climatology, Payame Noor University, Mehriz, Yazd, Iran.

³Faculty of Climatology department, Payame Noor University, Mehriz, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: This research is done for investigation about the role of dust on road crash for Yazd province in the year of 2015. This research is quantitative and description which is done as documentary or description-analytic research. Statistical society of this research is total of documents and statistics about road car crashes on different pivots of Yazd province. In this research statistic of road crashes of Yazd province as the result of dust, concern about years of 2010 to 2014 are considered as statistic sample. Needed information are obtained from files and statistics which presented by meteorology organization, Police Department and toll-house bureau of the province. For analyzing data is used from inference statistic indexes like Ki2 test, Fridman statistic, Pierson correlation coefficient and regression. Also results showed that the most car crashes which happened by dust is in spring season and after that is happen in winter. So climate factor of dust has significant role in road car crashes and also it has more effective toward the other factors. This phenomenon is with increasing number of cars in ways of the province and also is with increasing traveling between towns.

[Ali Reza Dehghanpoor, Leyla Mirfakharadini Dehaki, Morteza Falahpoor. The relationship between climatic factors of dust than other climatic factors in road accidents. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):47-54]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 7. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.07.

Key words: meteorology organization, dust role, road crashes and Yazd province.

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Role of combining ability and heterosis in improving achene yield of Helianthus annuus: An overview

*Naila Kanwal^a, Hafeez Ahmad Sadaqat^a, Qurban Ali^b, Fawad Ali^a, Irshad Bibi^c and Nabeel Khan Niazi^c

a. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

b. Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

c. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding authors: fawadniazi_a@yahoo.com, nailakanwalpk@yahoo.com

Abstract: Sunflower is an important oil seed crop, used for the manufacturing of vegetable ghee and margarine. It can also be used as bird seed and animal feed. When sunflower seed integrated into soil it can recover the soil fertility because, it is a good source of calcium, nitrogen and potassium. Sunflower is highly cross pollinated crop and is ideally suited for heterosis and combining ability exploitation. In sunflower, heterosis breeding evolved successfully as the detection of cytoplasmic male sterility source. Combining ability analysis, heterosis and heritability, for various traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, number of whorls per head, number of sterile achenes per head, achene length, achene thickness, 100 achene weight, achene yield per plant, oil contents, protein contents, oleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid has been evaluated by various sunflower breeders and researchers. The present review article will provide informations, which may be helpful in future breeding program for the improvement of achene yield and oil contents, and also leads towards the development of varieties and hybrids of sunflower with high achene yield and oil quality.

[Kanwal, N, Sadaqat HA, Ali Q, Ali F, Bibi I, Naizi NK. Role of combining ability and heterosis in improving achene yield of Helianthus annuus: An overview. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):55-62]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 8. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.08.

Keywords: Helianthus annuus, combining ability, heterosis, achene yield, heritability, oleic acid, palmitic acid

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Role of mutation breeding to improve Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) yield: An overview

Imran Javed¹, Muhammad Ahsan¹, *Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad² and Qurban Ali^1,3

^1. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

^2. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

^3. Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Corresponding author: hafizahmad90@yahoo.com, saim1692@gmail.com

Abstract: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the famous legume crops. The grain yield of mungbean is affected by various biotic and abiotic factors. The yield can be increased by improving the genetic makeup and incarporating the resistance against the environmental stresses. Common breeding methods are not useful in enhancing production of mungbean because of low genetic variability. The production can be improved by improving the available genotypes through mutation or by using other advanced breeding methods. The present review article will provide information about the use of mutation breeding in improving the grain yield of mungbean.

 [Javed I, Ahsan M, Ahmad HM and Ali Q. Role of mutation breeding to improve Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) yield: An overview. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):63-77]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 9. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.09.

Keywords: Mutation breeding, Mungbean yield

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Prediction of reservoir characterization using seismic post-stack inversion and neural network analysisin Wadi Rayan Field, Western Desert, Egypt

M. Fathy*

*Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

E-mail: green_geophysics@yahoo.com

Abstract: The Abu Roash G member is a Cenomanian in age and the only producing horizon in this area; it’s composed of shale and sandstones intercalations with minor carbonate interbeds. The main producing interval in this member is ARG-5 which consists of sandstone, silt and shale. The thickness varies along the whole survey area. There are two intervals of producing sandstone which not only vary from well to another, but also not deposited in some wells. For these causes, it is important to incorporate all available geological and geophysical data to come upward with a model for ARG reservoir. The first Model-based inversion makes use of an initial geologic model, based on the impedance data, structural information and wavelet extracted. The second Neural network analysis is one of these algorithms. It uses the data from multiple wells and seismic information to prepare a neural net to predict properties away from the well control and to delineate the ARG reservoir for more exploration and development opportunities.

[M. Fathy. Prediction of reservoir characterization using seismic post-stack inversion and neural network analysis in Wadi Rayan Field, Western Desert, Egypt. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):78-93]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 10. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.10.

Keywords: Wadi Rayan, ARG-5, Inversion, Neural network

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Seasonal activity of sand flies (Diptera Psychodidae) in Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran

Mohammad Hassan Kayedi¹, Nargess Abdali², Reza Rostami³

¹Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

²Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran

³Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

Kayedi78@yahoo.co.uk

Abstract: Background: Ecological study of sandflies with emphasize on fauna, habitats and seasonal distribution are very important to determine different tools in campaign against cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Until now, ecological study of sandflies have not been carried out in the study area, so the findings of the present study can introduce tools to campaign against the disease. Materials and methods: Sticky traps were used to collect sand flies from 6 villages of Khorramabad district in west of Iran from May to November 2010. Each month 120 sticky traps were used to collect sand flies from human and animal dwellings, outdoor shelters (mountain), Rodent nests, outdoor walls and warehouses. All collected specimens were kept in 70% ethanol and were sent to Medical Entomology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences for species identification. Results: In total 3692 sandflies (1861 female, 1831 male) were captured that 1729 were identified as Phlebotomus (1013 male and 716 female) and 1936 were identified as Sergentomyia (818 male and 1145 female). P. Papatasi and S. dentata were the dominant species from phlebotomous genus (68.3%) and Sergentomyia genus (93.2%) in the area. The minimum and maximum prevalence of sandflies in order belonged to May and August during the field studies. The most species diversity in two genus were belonged to mountain and outdoor walls. The most prevalence of phlebotomus Genus were catched from human dwellings. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that fauna of sandflies in the study area approximately is similar to the other parts of the country and the seasonal and monthly activities of sandflies are dependent to climate in the area.

[Mohammad Hassan Kayedi, Nargess Abdali, Reza Rostami. Seasonal activity of sand flies (Diptera Psychodidae) in Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):94-99]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 11. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.11.

Keywords: Sandflies, ecology, Psychodidae, Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia, Khorramabad

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Early detection of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid arthritis using global longitudinal strain assessment

Layla A. Mohamed.¹, H. M. Maghraby² and Saleh AM ³

¹ Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Department of internal medicine,, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

³ Department of clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Layla_cardiology@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: The higher mortality rate of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been linked to cardiovascular (CV) disease. It is well known in literature that RA is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis and impaired endothelial function early after the onset of the disease. CV disease represents one of the leading causes of subclinical cardiac involvement. Recently, 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as cardiac imaging that allows non invasive and angle independent measurement of global and regional left ventricular (LV) myocardial strain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular function by speckle tracking echocardiography in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid arthritis with short disease duration and without known CV diseases. Patients and Methods: We studied 50 RA patients mean ± SD age (46±12 years) without clinical evidence of CVD compared to 33 age matched (44.7 ±9.3 years) healthy control with (88%) women in each group. Both patients and control groups underwent laboratory assessment stress electrocardiogram to exclude myocardial ischemia and echocardiographic study using conventional, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and STE. Global LV longitudinal strain was obtained from apical 3, 4- and 2 chambers view and analyzed using available software. Results: The conventional echo- Doppler parameters were comparable between RA and control group except for significant difference in interventricular septal thickness in RA patients compared to control (9.65± 1.80 mm vs. 8.53± 1.23 mm, p<0.05). TDI showed a significant reduction of S′, E′ with higher E/ E′ ratio in RA patients compared to control (6.39 ±1.13 cm vs 7.17 ±0.64 cm, mean E′ ±SD= 8.72±1.91 cm vs. 11.04± 1. 35 cm, mean E/ E′ ±SD=8.99±2.49 vs 6.77±1.4 p<0.05 respectively). LV global longitudinal strain by STE was significantly reduced in RA compared to controls (17.22 ±1.46% vs. 21.98 ±2.48%, p <0.05) respectively, a significant negative correlation was found between global LV strain and antiCCP (marker of disease severity) (r= -0.054, p<0.01). Conclusions: RA patients without known CVD have impaired LV systolic longitudinal strain measured using STE compared to healthy subjects. These findings suggest that subclinical myocardial disease may be present in RA patients prior to the development of symptomatic CVD. Strain imaging may represent an effective tool for detection of subclinical CVD, and identifying RA patients at increased risk for developing heart failure (HF).

[Layla A. Mohamed, HM. Maghraby and Saleh AM. Early detection of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid arthritis using global longitudinal strain assessment. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):100-109]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 12. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.12.

Keywords: detection; ventricular systolic dysfunction in; asymptomatic patient; rheumatoid arthritis; global longitudinal strain assessment

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Quantum Physics, Science of Taoism, Yang and Yin Concept: Application in the Spinning Paper Experiment

Sofiya Hidzhazi

School of Architecture and Built Environment, GJU German Jordanian University, Amman 11118, Jordan

Sofiya.Hidzhazi@gju.edu.jo, zofe_1978@yahoo.com

Abstract: A strange phenomenon that occurred during the conducting of an experiment triggered many questions, which I attempt to answer using two main perspectives - Quantum physics and the Science of Taoism. The involvement of energy vortices, golden ratio, zero point energy, yang and yin and the physics of Taoism are applicable to the explanation of the phenomenon observed in the experiment, which is brought about by the interaction of these laws of physics working to supplement each other. The experiment that was conducted can be quite easily replicated using the simplest materials and does not require specialized settings, however the phenomenon that results may open doors to further investigation and research that may eventually find application in real products that could benefit humankind.

[Sofiya Hidzhazi. Physics, Quantum Physics, Science of Taoism, Yang and Yin Concept: Application in the Spinning Paper Experiment. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):110-117]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 13. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.13.

Keywords: Physics, Quantum Physics, Energy Vortexes, Zero Point Energy, Golden Ratio, Yang, Yin, Taoism

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Light microscopic study of Hepatozoon hamadaiensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Hepatozooidae) from Elegant gecko, Stenodactylus stenodactylus (Gekkonidae) in Beharia Province, Egypt

Mohamed F. Abou El-Nour

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science (Cairo), Al–Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt

fathallahaziz.@yahoo.com

Abstract: Only one out of eighteen geckos was found infected with a Hepatozoon hamadaiensis n. sp. Erythrocytic stages were found intracellularly, however, free extracellular parasites were also seen. The latter measured about 13.3×2.4 µm. Intracellular parasites were only observed in the erythrocytes and none of the leucocytes were parasitized. The infected erythrocytes showed a slightly mechanical stretching and a considerable distortion. They measured 18.4×8.3 µm in an average, in comparing with 13.6×5.7 µm for non–infected ones. The host cell nucleus was displaced to the opposite side or pushed to one pole of the host cell. Erythrocytic stages were differentiated into three forms: i) Small form: It was oval, measuring 5.0–7.2×3.7–4.8 µm (L×W) and was considered as a merozoite that had recently penetrated the erythrocyte. ii) Intermediate form: It was elongate, measuring 6.7–8.1×4.4–5.6 µm (L×W). iii) Large form: It represented mature gamont. It was banana in shape, measuring 11.5–15.7×5.5–6.9 µm (L×W). Nucleus was rounded in shape, measuring about 2.9 µm in diameter. Merogonic stages were seen in the endothelial cells of lung capillaries. None merogonic stages were seen either in the circulating blood or skeletal muscles, brain, heart and kidneys. Uninucleate meront was elongate in shape, measuring about 8.6×6.7 µm. Early meronts having 4–6 nuclei and multinucleate ones were noticed, measuring 8.7×7.5 and 12.4×8.6 µm, respectively. A parasitophorous vacuole enclosed each developmental stage. Merozoites appeared as finger–like outgrowths on the meront surface. Two types of meronts were recognized: micro- and macromeronts. Micromeronts measuring about 16.3×14.0 µm, containing a less number (4–14) of macromerozoites that measured about 11.3×4.8 µm. Whereas, macromeronts measured about 30.4×20.2 µm, containing 20–34 micromerozoites, where each averaged 8.9×5.4 µm.

[Abou El-Nour MF. Light microscopic study of Hepatozoon hamadaiensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Hepatozooidae) from Elegant gecko, Stenodactylus stenodactylus (Gekkonidae) in Beharia Province, Egypt. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):118-125]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 14. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.14.

Keywords: Hepatozoon hamadaiensis; Stenodactylus stenodactylus; Gekkonidae; Apicomplexa; Hepatozooidae

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Studying the Value of Golgi Protein 73 as a Serum Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Versus Alfa Feto Protein

Mohamed Abdelrasheed Allam¹, Diaa Mohamed Eltiby¹, Yusuf Nassar² and Saad Eldeen Mohamed Elshereef²

¹Departments of Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

²Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

m-allam74@hotmail.com

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer. Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) still represents the currently used test for HCC even though its sensitivity of (39 to 65%) is not very satisfactory and there is a high rate of false-negative and false positive results. Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is 73 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that normally resides within the cis-Golgi complex. GP73 was observed in several malignances such as prostate cancer and renal cell cancer. However, knowledge concerning GP73 function and the mechanisms of regulation in normal and neoplastic tissues is still under research. Aim of the study was to determined value of serum Gp73 in diagnosis of HCC in high risk patient (cirrhotic patient). This study was conducted on 80 patients; 50 patients with HCC as Group A, 30 cirrhotic patients without HCC as Group B and 15 healthy persons as Group C. We determined the level of AFP and Gp73 for all cases together with full clinical assessment, liver biochemical profile, viral markers, conventional US, triphasic abdominal CT scan. Serum AFP was elevated in HCC patients (Median= 207.74 ng/ml) when compared with both controls (7.14 ng/ml) and cirrhotics (94.91 ng/ml) groups. Gp73 level was also significantly elevated in the HCC group (Median=14.52 ng/ml) when compared with both the control (1.24 ng/ml) and chronic liver disease (4.70 ng/ml) groups. Positive correlation was found in this study between serum Gp73and serum AFP in HCC group (r=0.35; p=0.01). The cutoff level of Gp73 for diagnosis of HCC in this study was 6.60 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 87%. The combined use of the two markers (AFP and Gp73) led to an increase in the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of AFP from 74%, 73% and 76%, respectively to 81 %, 81.5 % and 74 %. So, Gp73 in a combination with AFP is highly recommended for accurate diagnosis of HCC.

[Mohamed abdelrasheed Allam^,Diaa Mohamed Eltiby, Yusuf Nassar & Saad Eldeen Mohamed Elshereef. Studying the Value of Golgi Protein 73 as a Serum Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Versus Alfa Feto Protein. Nat Sci 2016;14(1):126-129]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 15. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.15.

Key words:- Hepatocellular carcinoma, Golgi Protein 73 & Alfa Feto Protein

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Misoprostol in Missed Abortion: Oral or Vaginal?

Taher Mohamed Mostafa El-Barbary

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-AzharUniversity, Cairo, Egypt

taherelbarbari@gmail.com

Abstract: Miscarriage is very common, with nearly one in four women experiencing an early pregnancy loss in her lifetime. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, acceptability and side effects of the oral and vaginal misoprostol administration in facilitating cervical dilatation prior to surgical evacuation. A randomized controlled study was carried out in Al-Azhar university Hospitals. One hundred and twenty women with first trimester missed abortions were divided into 2 study groups, randomized for oral and vaginal (800 µg) misoprostol, and 2 control groups randomized for oral and vaginal placebo, before undergoing surgical evacuation of conception after 3 hours. Measured outcomes were: post medication cervical dilatation, time needed to dilate the cervix surgically, blood loss, and development of the side effects of misoprostol. The results werepost medication cervical dilatation was 7.77 ± 1.22 mm for the vaginal misoprostol group, 7.07 ± 1.36 mm for oral misoprostol, versus the control groups 2.43 ± 0.5 mm. Post medication cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the vaginal misoprostol group, compared to the oral group (p=0.032†). There were no significant differences in the amount of blood loss between oral (p=0.74), and vaginal misoprostol groups (p=0.629), and gastrointestinal side effects were significantly more in the oral misoprostol group (p=0.014). We concluded that misoprostol is an effective cervical priming agent when administered either orally or vaginally before evacuation of conception in the termination of the first trimester missed abortions.

[Taher Mohamed Mostafa El-Barbary. Misoprostol in Missed Abortion: Oral or Vaginal? Nat Sci 2016;14(1):130-133]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. 16. doi:10.7537/marsnsj140116.16.

Keywords: Miscarriage; women; pregnancy; lifetime; hospital; abortion

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