Nature and Science
ISSN: 1545-0740
Volume 8 - Number 2 (Cumulated No. 35), February 1, 2010
Cover (online), Cover (print), Introduction, Contents, Call for Papers, All in one file
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CONTENTS
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Titles / Authors
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1
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Optimization
of Asparaginase Production by Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa Using Experimental Methods
R. Manikandan1,
CN Pratheeba2, Pankaj Sah3 and
Fathimunnisa Begum4
1 Department of
Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, TN, India
2 Department of Chemical
Engineering, Kalasalingam
University, TN, India
3&4 Department of Applied Sciences, Higher College of
Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
pankaj@hct.edu.om, rmanikandan1968@yahoo.com
Abstract: Evaluation of fermentation process
parameter interactions for the production of l-asparaginase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Box-Behnken design of experimentation was adopted to optimize
nutritional sources, physiological (incubation period) and
microbial (inoculum level).The experimental results and
software predicted enzyme production values were comparable.
Incubation period, inoculum level and nutritional source
(soybean) were major influential parameters at their individual
level. Interaction data of the selected fermentation parameters
could be classified as least and most significant at individual
and interactive levels. All selected factors showed impact on
l-asparaginase enzyme production by this isolated microbial
strain either at the individual or interactive level.
Incubation temperature, inoculums concentration, and
nutritional source (soybean) had impact at individual level.
Significant improvement in enzyme production by this microbial
isolate was noted under optimized environment. [Nature and Science. 2010;8(2):1-6]. (ISSN:
1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.01
Key words: box-Behnken; pseudomonas aeruginosa; L- asparaginase; response
surface
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2
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Stability Analysis of
Seed Germination and Field Emergence Performance of Tropical
Rain-fed Sesame Genotypes
Adebisi, Moruf Ayodele
Department of
Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture,
P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Tel.:
+2348035842319. Email: mayoadebisi@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: The work was carried out to determine
the stability of two seed quality traits (seed germination and field
emergence) in 14 sesame genotypes that were grown in three
plant population environments in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria in
each of two seasons. Seeds harvested from each environment were
tested for these quality traits. Data obtained were subjected to
analysis of variance of Finlay-Wilkinson regressions and
stability analysis. Each genotype was defined by three
stability parameters: (1) mean seed germination and field
emergence over all environments, (2) the linear regression (b
values) of genotype mean seed germination and field emergence
in each environment, (3)
the mean square deviation from the regression for each genotype
(S2d value). The genotypes varied considerably in
the two seed quality traits and genotype x environment (GxE)
interactions were significant. Regression coefficients ranged
from 0.19 to 1.70 for seed germination and 0.14 to 3.01 for
field emergence. Genotype 530-6-1 with a regression coefficient
close to unit (b=1.03), smaller S2d value and a
relatively high seed germination of 79% had general
adaptability and somehow averagely stable. The highest field
emerging genotypes proved less stable and selection solely for
high emergence could result in discarding many genotypes that
were relatively better adapted to environmental changes.
Genotypes 530-6-1, 73A-11 and C-K-2 were identified as
desirable for seed production in all the three plant population
environments. Genotypes 69B-88Z, Domu and 73A-97 were
identified as desirable genotypes for cultivation in 133,333
plants ha–1 environment, C-K-2 in 166,667
plants ha–1 environment and 93A-97, 73A-11,
69B-88Z and C-K-2 in 266,667 plants ha–1 environment
to obtain seed of high and stable germination and emergence.
These genotypes were superior in seed quality and therefore
deserve a place in commercial seed production and future seed
improvement strategies. [Nature and
Science 2010;8(2):7-14]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.02
Keywords: environment, interaction, plant
population, seed quality
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3
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Turritopsis
nutricula
Hongbao Ma,
Yan Yang
Brookdale
University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
11212, USA, hongbao@gmail.com
Abstract:
Turritopsis
nutricula is a hydrozoan that can revert to the
sexually immature (polyp stage) after becoming sexually mature.
It is the only known metazoan capable of reverting completely
to a sexually immature, colonial stage after having reached
sexual maturity as a solitary stage. It does this through the
cell development process of transdifferentiation. This cycle
can repeat indefinitely tha offers it biologically immortal. It
is not clear if stem cells are involved in this immortality or
not. Upto now, there is little academic report in the
Turristopsis nutricula studies. To study the mechanism of the
biological immortality of Turritopsis nutricula possibly
supplies the way finding the biological immortality for human. [Nature and Science
2010;8(2):15-20]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.03
Keywords: immortal;
immortality; sexual maturity; stem cell; transdifferentiation; Turritopsis nutricula
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Oral Vaccination of Nile Tilapia (Orechromis
niloticus) Against Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia
Noor El
Deen Ahmed Ismail(1),
Nagwa Sad. Atta I (2 and Abd E Aziz ,Mohamed .Ahmed(3)
1) Dept. of Hydrobiology , National Research Centre(,
N.R.C).
(2) Dept. of Microbiology, N.R.C.
3) Dept. of Fish Diseases, Fac.of Vet
Med. Cairo. dr_ahmednoor2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: The present study was planned for
preparation of formalin inactivated wet-packed whole cells
Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin for oral
vaccination. The humeral antibody response of vaccinated Nile
tilapia (Orechromis niloticus (O. niloticus) was
determined by micro-agglutination test. Moreover efficacy of
the prepared bacterin against infection with Aeromonas
hydrophila was
detection and calculated as a relative level of protection.
Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) immunized orally with
formalin-inactivated Aeromonas
hydrophila .wet-packed
while cells had low level of antibody titer reached 2 and 3 by
log2 at first and fourth week post-immunization respectively
while Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed on minced meat
without vaccine had antibody titer reached 1 by log 2
throughout the experimental period . The relative level of
protection among Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) immunized
orally were 86.8. [Nature and Science
2010;8(2):21-26]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.04
Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila -
bacterin -vaccination- humeral antibody- Nile tilapia
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Forest community structure and composition along an
elevational gradient of Parshuram Kund area in Lohit District
of Arunachal Pradesh, India
C.S. Rana and Sumeet Gairola
Department of
Botany, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal- 246 174,
Uttarakhand, India
drcsir@gmail.com, sumeetgairola@gmail.com
Abstract: The
present study was conducted in
natural Himalayan forests of Parsuram Kund area in Lohit
district of Arunachal Pradesh to understand the effect of
altitudinal variation on structure and composition of the
vegetation. Three altitudinal
zones viz., upper zone (U) = 550-850 m asl, middle zone (M) =
500-700 m asl and lower zone (L) = 350-450 m asl were selected
for the study. Tree
Species richness (SR) was recorded to be highest (26) on the
middle altitude followed by lower (21) and upper altitude (13).
Species diversity (richness) and
dominance (Simpson Concentration of dominance index) were found
to be inversely related to each other. Shrub and herb
species richness were also recorded to be higher on middle
altitude followed by lower and upper altitudes. [Nature and Science 2010;8(2):27-35].
(ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.05
Key words: Phytosociology, species richness,
diversity indices, altitude
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Effects of some Artificial diets on
the Growth Performance, Survival Rate and Biomass of the fry of
climbing perch, Anabas
testudineus (Bloch,
1792)
Md. Jobaer
Alam, Md. Ghulam Mustafa, Md. Mominul Islam
Department of
Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Email: jobaerviu@gmail.com, mghulam@univdhaka.edu
Abstract: An experiment on culture of climbing
perch (Anabas testudineus) in cemented tanks using
different protein level diets was conducted to find the
appropriate feeding diets and their effects on the growth,
survival and biomass of 15-days old fry of Anabas
testudineus
in intensive culture . The experiment was carried out
for duration of 60 days with 4 treatments in 8 cemented tanks
each of size 12×6×1.5 feet. The initial length and weight were
14.5 ± 0.4 mm and 0.95 ± 0.05 g respectively. The feeds were
applied twice a day at the rate of 10 %( initially) to 5%
(later on) of the body weight of the fry/day. The results
showed that the growth of fry varied significantly (P<0.05)
with different diets. The highest growth, survival rate and
biomass were found in the trial where fishes were fed on
Sabinco feed containing 50.92% protein (on dry matter basis),
followed by Feed-3 containing 30% protein. The poorest growth
rate was shown by Feed- 1 (prepared by rice bran, wheat bran,
fish meal and soybean meal) containing 20% protein. There was
no significant difference in survival rates among the fry fed
with Sabinco and prepared diets. The experiment suggests that
Feed-2 (Sabinco Feed) can be recommended for the intensive
culture of climbing perch. [Nature
and Science. 2010;8(2):36-42]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.06
Key words: Climbing perch,
Artificial diets, Survival rate, Growth Performances and
Biomass
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Diminution
Of Aflatoxicosis In Tilipia Zilli Fish By Dietary Supplementation
With Fix In Toxin And Nigella Sativa Oil
Mona S.
Zaki(1) ; Olfat M. Fawzi(2); Suzan Omar(2); medhat khafagy(3); mostafa fawzy(1);
Isiz Awad (2)
1Department
of Aquaculture, Vet. Division National Research Centre, Giza,
Egypt.
2Department
of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
3National
Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt. dr_mona_zaki@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract: Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of
fungal origin, they are produced by
certain strains of the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus
parasiticus. Under favorable conditions of temperature and
humidity, these fungi grow on certain foods and feeds,
resulting in the production of aflatoxins, which can
enter into the human food chain directly through foods of plant
origin (cereal grains), indirectly through foods of animal
origin (kidney, liver, milk, eggs); however their continuous
intake even in microdoses can result in their accumulation.
Aflatoxins are hepatotoxic, hepatocarcinogenic and immunotoxic
and cause growth retardation in animals and exposed human
populations.Fix in Toxin is a kind of pentonite
(clay) consists of (sodium calcium aluminosilicate), a non
toxic agent and absorbent for a wide variety of toxic agents.
It acts as an enterosorbant that rapidly binds aflatoxins in
the gastrointestinal tract resulting in decreased aflatoxin
uptake and bioavailability. Nigella sativa is a spicy
potent belonging to ranunculacea seeds oil showed
antibacterial, fungicidal effects.This study was conducted to
evaluate the ability of Fix in Toxin 0.2 % and Nigella sativa
oil 1% to diminish the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis in Tilapia Zilli fish,
and based on this evidence, it's hypothesized that clay based
entersorption of Aflatoxin may be a useful strategy for
prevention of Aflatoxicosis in human population.60 Tilapia
Zilli fish were divided into three groups, 20 fish for each
group: Group 1 served as control and will be fed on commercial fish
diet. Group 2 were be supplied by Aflatoxin contaminated ration
with corn 80 ug toxin /kg ration. Group 3 were be supplied by
aflatoxin contaminated ration with corn 80 ug toxin/kg ration
and treated with 0.2 % Fix in Toxin and 1 % Nigella sativa oil injected
daily I/P. Analysis of hematological parameters, clinical
chemistry revealed significant differences between the control
groups and the aflatoxicotic groups. administration of Fix in
Toxin 0.2% and Nigella sativa oil injection 1% of body
weight reduced the aflatoxicosis in liver and kidney by
improving all liver and kidney enzymes.The dietary HSCAS clay
remedy is novel, inexpensive and easily disseminated and proves
its efficacy in diminishing the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis
in fish, where it acts as an alfatoxin enterosorbant that
tightly and selectively binds the poison in the
gastrointestinal tract of the fish, decreasing their
bioavailability and associated toxicities. In addition the Nigella
sativa oil has a synergistic effect with Fix in Toxin in
diminishing aflatoxicosis in fish. These findings support their
use for dietary intervention studies in human populations at
high risks for aflatoxicosis, specially in Egypt, where studies have shown that concurrent infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during
aflatoxin exposure increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [Nature and Science
2010;8(2):43-49]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.07
Key words: Aflatoxicosis, Tilapia Zilli fish,
Fix in Toxin effect, Nigella sativa oil effect,
Hematological parameters, Clinical chemistry dynamic
simulation; model; composting; domestic solid waste
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8
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Integrated
Application of Poultry Manure and NPK Fertilizer on Performance
of Tomato in Derived Savannah Transition Zone of Southwest
Nigeria
1Ayeni L.S, .2Omole T.O, 2Adeleye,
.E.O. and 3Ojeniyi, S.O.
1University of Agriculture, Department
of Soil Science and Land Mgt, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria
2Adeyemi College of Education,
Department of Agricultural Science, Ondo, Nigeria.
3 Federal University of technology
Department of Crop Pest And Soil Management Akure, Nigeria
1Corresponding author: leye-sam@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Field experiments
were conducted in two locations at Owo in early and late crop seasons
(2007) to compare the effects of poultry manure at 0, 10, 20,
30, 40 t ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1 NPK
15:15:15 fertilizer on nutrient uptake and yield of
tomato. The sites were
located within the forest savannah transition zone of southwest
Nigeria. The experiments
were replicated three times in randomized complete block
design. The test soil was slightly acidic, low in OM, N and P.
Application of poultry manure and 300kg ha-1 NPK
fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased plant N, P and
K. Poultry manure at 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1 and NPK
15:15:15 fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased plant
leaf, area height, number of leaves, branches fruits and fruit
yield. Application of 10
t ha-1 poultry manure gave similar values of plant
N, P and K and yield components compared with 300 kg ha-1
NPK fertilizer. The cumulative yield for the two seasons at 0,
10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1 and 300kg/ha NPK were 9.6,
12.0, 18.1, 19.3, 14.4 and 13.5 t ha-1 respectively.
[Nature and Science.
2010;8(2):50-54]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.08
Key words: early crop, late crop,
nutrient concentration, yield
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9
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Antigenotoxic Efficacy of Some
Vitamins against the Mutagenicity Induced by Ifosfamide in Mice
Souria M. Donya , Fawzia
A. Aly, Mona A. M. Abo-Zeid
Genetics and Cytology Department,
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division,
National Research Center, El-Behooth
St. 31, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt. monaabozeid@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Ifosfamide (Holoxan, IFO) is an oxazaphosphorine alkylating
agent with a broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity. IFO can
damage DNA during any phase of the cell cycle and therefore, is
not phase-specific. Thus the objective of this
investigation is to measure the potential cytotoxicity of IFO
alone and in combination with vitamins (FA, VB12 and VC) The genotoxic potential of IFO
was evaluated in vivo using different mutagenic end
points. Male Swiss mice
were injected with different doses of IFO intraperitoneally to
investigate the genotoxicity in somatic and germ cells. The
doses were 8, 16 and 24mg IFO/kg body wt. as single doses, and
8mg IFO/kg body wt. as a repeated dose for three consecutive
days. Samples were collected after 24h, 7 and 14 days after
treatments. IFO induced chromosomal aberrations (in somatic and
germ cells), SCEs and sperm shape abnormalities, which were
highly significant in a dose dependent manner 24h after
treatments. Chromosomal aberrations were declined with increasing
the time of recovery. However, the tetraploid cells in mouse
bone marrow were increased. IFO increased the percentage of DNA
fragmentation in mouse spleen cells as measured by
diphenylamine (DPA) assay, and confirmed by agarose
gel-electrophoresis. Oral administration of folic acid (10
mg/kg body wt.), vitamin B12 (0.3 mg/kg) and vitamin C (50
mg/kg body wt.) declined the chromosomal aberrations in somatic
and germ cells 24h after concurrent treatment with IFO. The
used doses of vitamins reduced the percentage of DNA
fragmentation induced by 24mg IFO/kg body wt. with DPA assay. In
conclusion, the study indicates that the anticancer drug
IFO is a mutagenic agent in mouse somatic and germ cells.
Vitamins (FA, VB12 and VC) play a beneficial role against the
mutagenicity of this drug.
[Nature and Science 2010;8(2):55-66]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.09
Keywords: IFO, FA, VB12, VC, cytogenetic
parameters, DNA damage
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10
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Use of InfoWork RS in modeling the impact
of urbanisation on sediment yield in Cameron Highlands,
Malaysia
Mohd Ekhwan
Toriman1, Othman A. Karim2, Mazlin
Mokhtar3, Muhammad Barzani Gazim4, Md.
Pauzi Abdullah4
1.
School
of Social, Development & Environmental Studies, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia.
2.
Department
of Civil Engineering, National University of
Malaysia.
3.
Institute
of Environment and Development (LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia
4.
School
of environmental
and Natural Resource Sciences, National University of Malaysia.
ikhwan@ukm.my
Abstract: Hydrodynamic model and sediment
transport model were investigated in the Sg Telom and Sg
Bertam, Cameron Highlands as a result of rapid urbanization and
agriculture activities over the past 30 years. This article, from the point
of view of the river catchment as a whole system, presents an
integrated approach by combining the hydraulic and hydrology
simulations with numerical model of sediment transport and
change in river bed level before and after the Ringlet
reservoir. To accomplish this purpose, InfoWork RS, a well
developed numerical model for sediment transport and river bed
variations were used. The application shows that it can
properly simulate change of river bed variation over 10 months
simulation period. [Nature and
Science 2010;8(2):67-73]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.10
Key words: dynamic simulation; model;
composting; urbanization; sediment
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Assessing Environmental
Flow Modeling For Water Resources Management: A Case of Sg.
(River) Pelus, Malaysia
Mohd Ekhwan
Toriman
School of
Social Development and Environmental Study, Faculty of Social
Sciences and Humanities, 43600. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Bangi Selangor Malaysia. ikhwan@ukm.my
Abstract: In Detailed Environmental
Impact Assessment (DEIA), modeling of environmental flows is
one of the main studies that need to be delivered in the final DEIA
report. The model is important to the project proponent to
engage suitable designs that can be suited to environmental
needs, particularly on future water resources management. In
this respect, Environmental Flow Assessment (EFA) is used to
estimate the quantity and timing of flows to sustain the
ecosystem values. The proposed of hydropower projects in Sg
Pelus, Perak was studied aimed to evaluate existing river flow
characteristics and to model EFA due to river diversion of Sg
Pelus. Daily river flow (m3/s) recorded at Sg Pelus
(Station No. 6035) and Sg. Yum (Station No. 6044) gauging
stations were used to design the flow duration curve. The low
flow then calculated using the 7Q10 equation to estimate the lowest 7-day average flow that
occurred on average once every 10 years. The results indicate
that the average daily flows for both stations (6035 and 6044)
are 5.080 m3/s and 11.391 m3/s,
respectively. The flow duration curve shows that 50 percent of
4 m3/s of discharge will be exceeded/ equaled in Station
6044 while 8.2 m3/s of discharge will be exceeded or
equaled in Station 6035. The requirement environmental flows
for both parameters are 0.613 and 0.426
m3/s for Environmental Flow Assessment, respectively. The results obtained in
this model are important to managing the river at least in
Class II after river diversion project. [Nature and Science
2010;8(2):74-81]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.11
Keywords: Environmental Flow Assessment; Detailed
Environmental Impact Assessment; Low flow; Flow duration curve
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Growth inhibitory effect on
microorganisms by a D-galactose-binding lectin purified from the sea hare (Aplysia
kurodai) eggs: An in
vitro study
Sarkar M. A.
Kawsar1*, Sarkar M. A. Mamun2, Md
Shafiqur Rahman3, Hidetaro Yasumitsu1,
Yasuhiro Ozeki1*
5.
Department
of Genome System Science, Graduate School of Nano Biosciences,
Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-Ku,
Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
6.
Department
of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong,
Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
7.
Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong,
Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
kawsoral@yahoo.com; ozeki@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
Abstract: A D-galactose
specific lectin purified from the eggs of sea hare, Aplysia kurodai (AKL) by
lactosyl-agarose affinity chromatography has been evaluated for
screening of antimicrobial activities. AKL was disulfide bonded
dimeric lectin consisted of two 32 kDa polypeptides. This
lectin has significant hemagglutinting activity against
trypsinized rabbit and human erythrocytes and it was inhibited
by galactose and galacturonic acid. AKL has been
screened for in vitro both antibacterial
activity against eleven human pathogenic bacteria and
antifungal activity against six phytopathogenic fungi.
Antimicrobial evaluation of standard antibiotics, ampicillin
and nystatin were used as comparative study. AKL significantly
inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus
(12 mm) and Bacillus megaterium (11 mm) were exhibited
the highest zone of inhibition by the addition of the lectin
(250 µg/disc). However, AKL did not inhibit the growth of
gram-negative bacteria as Escherichia
coli. On the other hand, AKL (100 µg/mL) has also
inhibited the mycelial growth of Curvularia lunata (21.53%). These antimicrobial activities by the lectin will
provide an effective defense ability of the sea hare eggs
against invading microbes. [Nature and Science 2010;8(2):82-89]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.12
Key words: Aplysia
kurodai, lectin, organisms,
mycelial growth, SDS-popyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis
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Urban land use classification and
functional zoning of Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia
Gantulga
Gombodorj and Chinbat Badamdorj
Faculty
of Earth Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ikh surguulliin
gudamj 2 -NUM building 6, Ulaanbaatar 210646, Mongolia. gantulga100@yahoo.com
lis@num.edu.mn
Abstract: As
Mongolia moves to a market economy and begins to encourage land
ownership and the creation of private land and housing markets,
it will need to revise its approach to the spatial planning and
control of land uses and development by individuals and
businesses. Designed for a regime of exclusive state ownership
of land, the existing “target use” restrictions for
individual parcels as shown in the detailed Master Plans
hinders the exercise of market-driven choices by individuals
and businesses wishing to put land and infrastructure to their
most productive uses. [Nature and
Science 2010;8(2):90-97]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.13
Keywords: Urban land use classification, land use zoning and
regulation, functional zones
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Studies On Susceptibility Of Methicillin
–Resistent
Staphylococcus aureus To Some Nigerian Honey
(1)Yenda, E. N. *(2)De, N. (2)Lynn,
M and (2)Aliyu, T B
(1) Health Services Management Board,
P.M.B. 1082, Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria, e-mail: ebeny@justice.com
(2) Department of Microbiology, Federal
university of Technology, Yola, e-mail: nanditamicrobio@yahoo.com
* To whom all correspondence should be
addressed
Abstract: This study was aimed at determining
the susceptibility of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
isolates to some Nigerian honey. Sixty isolates of S. aureus
were obtained from patients attending State Hospital, Jimeta
Yola, Adamawa State. Twenty out of the sixty isolates were MRSA
which were assessed for susceptibility or resistance to three
(one processed and two crude) local honey samples in different
concentrations and two commonly used antibiotics namely
ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin using disk diffusion assay. All the
twenty MRSA were susceptible to undiluted Sardauna plateau honey and its different
concentrations of 50%, 25% and 13% (with growth inhibition zone
ranging from 13 to 33 mm) but 25% of the isolates were
resistant at concentrations of 6%. Against the MRSA isolates,
undiluted Hong honey recorded 85% antibacterial activity,
followed by 65%, 55%, and 5% respectively for its lower
dilutions of 50%, 25% and 13% (with growth inhibition zone 12
or less than 12 mm). The undiluted Abuja honey sample recorded
85% antibacterial activity, followed by 35% and 15%
respectively for its lower dilutions of 50% and 25%. Eighty
five percent (85%) of the isolates were resistant to ofloxacin
and 80% of the isolates were resistant to cipfrofloxacin (
growth inhibition zone 20 mm or less for ciprofloxacin and 15
mm or less for ofloxacin, respectively). Values of the minimum
inhibitory concentration
and the minimum bactericidal concentration of S.P. honey were in the
range of 0.4%-0.5% and
0.8 - 1% respectively whereas the values for H. honey and A.
honey were in the range of 0.9-0.1% and 1.9-2.0% and 3.5-4.0%
respectively. [Nature and Science 2010;8(2):98-108]. (ISSN:
1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.14
Keywords: MRSA, honey, methicillin, MIC, MBC
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The
relationship between serum adiponectin and steatosis in
patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype-4
Esmat Ashour,
PhD, Nervana Samy, MD,
Magda Sayed, PhD and Azza Imam*, MD.
Biochemistry Department
-National Research Center- Cairo
* Internal
Medicine Department - Faculty of medicine - Ain Shams
University. nervana91@hotmail.com
Abstract: The mechanisms underlying steatosis
during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are complex and
multifactorial.
The aim of our study was
to assess whether host metabolic factors influence the degree
of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients infected with
hepatitis C virus genotype 4 by investigating the role of adiponectin, leptin and insulin
resistance. Methods:
Adiponectin and leptin levels, HCV genotypes, HCV-RNA, IR
(HOMA-IR), body mass index and liver steatosis and fibrosis
were assessed in 74 chronic patients with HCV genotype 4. Results:
Chronic HCV patients with steatosis showed lower serum
adiponectin levels and higher levels of leptin, HOMA, alanine
aminotransferase, γ glutamiltransferase and fibrosis
scores. Low adiponectin levels were independently associated
with grades of steatosis and HOMA-IR. Adiponectin levels showed
significant inverse correlation between adiponectin and
steatosis grade, BMI, HOMA and fibrosis stage. The multivariate
analysis of factors showed that steatosis was
significantly associated with low adiponectin concentration
while, leptin, Insulin, HOMA, ALT,
g-GT and cholesterol were positively
associated with steatosis. Conclusion: This study stated
that Egyptian patients with HCV genotype-4 suffering from
steatosis had lower adiponectin level that is inversely
correlated with insulin resistance. These data support a role
for adiponectin in protection against liver injury and that
hypoadiponectinemia may contribute to hepatic steatosis
progression. Further molecular and genetic studies with larger
numbers of patients are required to confirm these results. [Nature and Science 2010;8(2):109-120].
(ISSN: 1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.15
Key words: Adiponectin, steatosis, hepatitis C,
leptin
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16
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Comparative studies on the impact of
Humic acid and formalin on ectoparasitic infestation in Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus
Noor El-
Deen, A.E. 1, Mona M.Ismaiel2, Mohamed A.
E3. and Omima A.A.El-Ghany3
1.
Hydroiology Dept. National Research Center Dokki, Egypt
2. Fish
diseases and management Dept .Fac.of Vet .Med. Seuz Canal Univ.
3. Fish disease Dept. Animal
Health Research institute Dokki Egypt. dr_ahmednoor2002@yahoo.com
Abstract: Naturally infested Oreochromis
niloticus (O. niloticus) were collected and examined
for external parasites (Trichodina and Cichlidogyrus).
The aim of present study was to investigate the efficacy and
difference in treatment of formalin as a chemical and Humic
acid as a natural product in treatment of ectoparasitic
infestation of O.niloticus. The prevalence of isolated parasites
showed high infestation rate of Trichodina (100%) and Cichlidogyrus
(65%). The main clinical sings of infested fish were slimy dark
skin with signs of asphyxia, rapid opericular movement,
aggregation of fish on the water surface with gulping the
atmospheric air. Flashing of fish, detached scales with frayed
fins with presence of hemorrhagic lesions on the skin, fins,
gills with congested gills, sluggish movement, finally off food
and loss of escape reflex. Hematological parameters of infested
fish showed significant decrease in red blood cell counts,
hemoglobin percentage and packed cell volume. Total WBCs showed
non significant difference. Serum total protein and cholesterol
were significantly decreased, while, AST, ALT, alkaline
phosphatase, urea sodium and potassium were significantly
increased. Chemical treatment using formalin 20 ppm for 24h. As
a long bath and natural treatment using Humic acid 3 ppm for
24h. As along bath showed complete eradication of Trichodina
and Cichlidogyrus. [Nature and Science 2010;8(2):121-125]. (ISSN:
1545-0740).
doi:10.7537/marsnsj080210.16 Keywords:
Oreochromis niloticus-
Trichodina – Cichlidogyrus- Humic acid and
formalin
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