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Studies On Characterization Of Total Domination Number And Chromatic Number Of Fuzzy Graph

*Dr. Satendra Kumar and **Sonu Kumar

* Professor, Department of Mathematics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

**Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan (India)

Email: sonukumar1402@gmail.com

Abstract: In many practical problems, information about the problem is not certain. There is vagueness in the description of objects or in its relationship or in both. For example, in a time tabling problem, the priorities given to the teachers need not be equal. In that situation, we need to design fuzzy graph model for that problem. Fuzzy graph theory was introduced by Azriel Rosenfeld in 1975. During the same time researcher introduced various connectedness concepts in graph theory. Researcher has obtained the fuzzy analogues of several basic graph theoretic concepts like bridges, paths, cycles, connectedness and established some of their properties. Fuzzy set theory provides meaningful and powerful representation of measurement of uncertainties, as well as vague concepts expressed in natural languages. Every crisp set is fuzzy set but every fuzzy set is not crisp set. The mathematical embedding of conventional set theory into fuzzy sets is as natural as the idea of embedding the real numbers into complex plane. Researcher introduced domination in fuzzy graph using strong edges. Researcher studied the concept of regular fuzzy graph. The concept of fuzzy line graph was introduced by researcher and the fuzzy labeling graph was introduced by the researcher. Researcher introduced the concept of middle, subdivision & total fuzzy graph and their properties. The concept of Dominator coloring was introduced by the researcher. The fuzzy coloring of a fuzzy graph was defined by the researcher. They defined the fuzzy coloring of the fuzzy graph based on some conditions which is same as crisp coloring.

[Kumar, S. and Kumar, S. Studies On Characterization Of Total Domination Number And Chromatic Number Of Fuzzy Graph. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):1-9]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.01.

Keywords: Solution, Domination, Charomatic Number, Fuzzy Graph

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“色电宝”芯片是“核电宝”芯片的极致 ----“色电宝、核电宝”芯片原理初探

平角

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), 绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

abstract 摘要：把科学研究和工业技术研发互相依存联系起来，拟设动态卡西米尔效应创造奇迹的是类似第五代的“核电宝”----核辐射量减少现象到“色电宝”芯片，为智能手机等不用充电的电池服务。为啥目前合成单原子催化剂的方法，对单原子和衬底的要求，还不能实现在任何衬底上制备任何的金属单原子催化剂和“色电宝”呢？这是因为目前“量子色动化学”，我国还没有普及。

[平角. “色电宝”芯片是“核电宝”芯片的极致 ----“色电宝、核电宝”芯片原理初探. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):10-17]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.02.

Keywords 关键词：色电宝、芯片、卡西米尔效应、量子色动化学

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我防病治病的经历

孙纯武

江苏省扬州三力电器集团有限公司，中国江苏省扬州市西湖镇蜀秀花园16幢805室， 邮编 225008, 电子信箱：yzscw0514@163.com, QQ号 458669609, 手机 18912144117

Room 805, Building 20, Shuxiu Garden, Xihu Town, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

QQ: 458669609, Tel: 18652544068, Email: yzscw0514@163.com

Abstract摘要：其实有些病，只要你不胡思乱想，认认真真在家卧床休息睡觉，床上还要放暖和些，就加快身体内运动结构和能量结构的调整，这就是人体内免疫力来防病治病。（因任何植物动物包括宇宙都是在不匀速的降速，睡眠中能量结构和运动结构才得到了调整。也就才能转化出各种器倌功能的強大和自然免疫力增强。而且睡眠好的人，以后生病机会都少了。

[孙纯武. 我防病治病的经历. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):18-21]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.03.

Keywords关健词：新型肺炎冠状病毒 气侯变化 传染病 流行病 中药 挂水

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新型肺炎冠状病毒起源和防治 - 简述

孙纯武

江苏省扬州三力电器集团有限公司，中国江苏省扬州市西湖镇蜀秀花园16幢805室， 邮编 225008, 电子信箱：yzscw0514@163.com, QQ号 458669609, 手机 18912144117

Room 805, Building 20, Shuxiu Garden, Xihu Town, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

QQ: 458669609, Tel: 18652544068, Email: yzscw0514@163.com

Abstract摘要：对《新型肺炎冠状病毒》起源和防治工作，要深入系统地研究，千万不能误认为某某中间宿主，才是进化成冠状病毒。或挑战在于每次爆发的时间和规模都难以预料，且传染性非常利害难以除根的误判。采用如封城封路等做法，来限制《新型肺炎冠状病毒》的传染运动的范围，可能这种做法有点儿草率，也会得不偿失。

[孙纯武. 新型肺炎冠状病毒起源和防治 - 简述. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):22-23]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.04.

Keywords关健词：太极时空说、非典、冠状病毒、气侯变化、传染病  流行病  中药、挂水、媒体、 防治工作

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《新型肺炎冠状病毒起源和防治》

孙纯武

孙纯武(1948年-)，男(汉族) ，中国江苏省扬州市，主要从事研究自然科学等；

单位名称、原江苏省扬州三力电器集团有限公司退休工人 邮编225008

电子信箱： yzscw0514@163.com； 微信号 scw20171020

Abstract: 摘要：对《新型肺炎冠状病毒》起源和防治工作，要深入系统地研究，千万不能误认为某某中间宿主，才是进化成冠状病毒。或挑战在于每次爆发的时间和规模都都难以预料，且传染性非常利害难以除根的误判。采用如封城封路等做法，来限制《新型肺炎冠状病毒》的传染运动的范围，可能这种做法有点儿草率，也会得不偿失。下面首先对《新型肺炎冠状病毒》作详细分折起源和防治，建立起实效全民防疫，将疫情中的经济损失再夺回来。

[孙纯武. 《新型肺炎冠状病毒起源和防治》. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):24-40]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.05.

Keywords 关健词：太极时空说、非典、冠状病毒、气侯变化、传染病 流行病 中药、挂水、媒体、 防治工作

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在美国建立强化教育大学的设想

马宏宝, 王雪玲

强化教育大学计划组, Queens, New York 11418, USA

mahongbao@gmail.com

Abstract: 教育是现代社会必不可少的一部分。伴随着人类文明的历史，教育更是现代人类社会存在与发展的基石。全世界教育投资之大、发展之快、影响之深、学生人数之多，显而易见。以美国为例，美国50个州3亿人口，有四年制本科大学3000多所，注册本科学生1000万左右，研究生300万左右，各类培训等受教育学生数千万。中国人对教育的需求，更是超过美国，各国各地的人民，对教育的需要也是会永远保持上升之势。虽然全球化是人类社会进步发展的必然，势不可挡，全球化在世界经济方面发展迅猛，文化与教育的国际交流日新月异，各国之间互派留学生数量与日俱增。但是，真正意义上的国际大学全世界至今还没有。本计划是在美国纽约附近建立一所真正意义上的强化教育方式的国际大学（全专业综合大学），供有共同理想兴趣与志向者参考。我们要以高效率的办学教育方式，办出名校，为人类教育发展、教育全球化及社会进步做出贡献。

[马宏宝, 王雪玲. 在美国建立强化教育大学的设想. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):41-52]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.06.

Keywords: 美国; 建立; 强化教育; 大学; 设想; 国际; 世界 

Establishing an Intensive Education University in the United States

Ma Hongbao, PhD

Intensive Education University Program Group, Queens, New York 11418, USA

mahongbao@gmail.com

Abstract: Education is an essential part of modern society. With the history of human civilization, education is the cornerstone of the existence and development of modern human society. The great investment in education around the world, its rapid development, its deep influence and the large number of students are obvious. In the United States, for example, the United States has a population of 300 million in the 50 states. US has more than 3,000 four-year undergraduate universities, about 10 million undergraduate students and about 3 million graduate students. There are tens of millions of educated students of all kinds. Chinese people's demand for education is even more than that of the people in the United States and other parts of the world. The demand for education will always be on the rise. Although globalization is inevitable and unstoppable for the progress and progress of human society, globalization is rapidly developing in the world economy and the international exchanges in culture and education are changing with each passing day. The number of international students to go abroad increases day by day. However, in the true sense of the word, the real international university in the world does not exist until now. This program is an international university (all-professional comprehensive university) that establishes a truly intensive education located near New York, the United States for reference by people with common aspirations. We need to run an elite university in an efficient way to contribute to the development of human education, the globalization of education and the social progress.

Keywords: America; establishment; education; university; vision; international; world

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Specific role of Professor Amartya Sen's economic thought in the current economic crisis in India

भारत में वर्तमान आर्थिक संकट में प्रोफेसर अमर्त्य सेन के आर्थिक विचारों की विशिष्ट भूमिका

Dr. Shaiphali Jain

Assistant Professor (Economics) in Shri Prem Prakash Memorial College of Education (Teerthanker Mahaveer University), Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Email: shaiphali1980jain@gmail.com

Abstract: The global recession that started in 2008 is still hitting western countries. Their economic growth rate has cooled down. The reasons and its remedies are being discussed at Oxford University Business School. In the debate about the nature of the economy, Amartya Sen said that western economies should learn from India and China. According to Dr. Sen, India and China are opening markets safely. New Delhi and Beijing have new ideas and they are also being implemented in a phased manner. According to the Nobel Prize winning economist, western countries need to do the same. According to Dr. Sen, India and China were also hit by economic recession. The economic growth rate of both countries was somewhat slow for two years, but after that both these countries got out of the rapid recession and now are also supporting the economies of other countries. According to experts, there are very few ways to avoid the risk of recession in the economies of western countries. All the money has been dumped in the market and there are many areas which have the power to sink the market. Martin Wolff of the financial newspaper, the Financial Times, and Robert Vaid, a professor at the London School of Economics, also believe the same.

[Jain, S. Specific role of Professor Amartya Sen's economic thought in the current economic crisis in India. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):53-58]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.07.

Abstract: सारांश: 2008 से शुरू हुई विश्वव्यापी मंदी की मार अब भी पश्चिमी देशों पर पड़ रही है. उनकी आर्थिक विकास दर ठंडी पड़ी है. ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी के बिजनेस स्कूल में इसके कारणों और इससे निकलने के उपायों पर चर्चा हो रही है | अर्थव्यवस्था के स्वरूप को लेकर छिड़ी बहस में अमर्त्य सेन ने कहा कि पश्चिमी अर्थव्यवस्थाओं को भारत और चीन से सीख लेनी चाहिए | डॉक्टर सेन के मुताबिक भारत और चीन बाजारों को सुरक्षित ढंग से खोल रहे हैं. नई दिल्ली और बीजिंग के पास नए विचार हैं और उन्हें चरणबद्ध तरीके से अमल में भी लाया जा रहा है. नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता अर्थशास्त्री के मुताबिक पश्चिमी देशों को भी ऐसा ही करने की जरूरत है | डॉक्टर सेन के मुताबिक भारत और चीन पर भी आर्थिक मंदी की मार पड़ी. दोनों देशों की आर्थिक विकास दर दो साल तक कुछ धीमी रही लेकिन उसके बाद यह दोनों देश तेजी से मंदी से बाहर निकले और अब अन्य देशों की अर्थव्यवस्थाओं को भी सहारा दे रहे हैं | जानकारों के मुताबिक पश्चिमी देशों की अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में मंदी के जोखिम से बचने के उपाय बहुत कम हैं. सारा पैसा बाजार में झोंका जा चुका है और ऐसे कई क्षेत्र हैं जो बाजार को डुबोने की ताकत रखते हैं. आर्थिक जगत के दिग्गज अखबार फाइनेंशियल टाइम्स के मार्टिन वोल्फ और लंदन स्कूल ऑफ इकोनॉमिक्स के प्रोफेसर रॉबर्ट वैड भी यही मानते हैं.

Keywords: (कुंजी शब्द) अमर्त्य सेन, आर्थिक, सामाजिक विचार

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盐亭嫘祖与黄河文化史反思

王德奎 (Wang Dekui)

绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

Abstract摘要：在中央财政部和四川省人民政府的关心与支持下，盐亭嫘祖陵修复第一期工程建设基本竣工；被称为观光中国上古海洋文明和城邦文明遗迹的盐蓬高等级公路已正式开工，在这个时候，我们来认真地探讨如何进一步深入挖掘、利用我国黄河文化史资源，促进各省地方社会经济的跨越式发展，很有必要。

[王德奎 (Wang Dekui). 盐亭嫘祖与黄河文化史反思. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):59-71]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.08.

Keywords关键词：：财政部； 四川省人民政府；盐亭嫘祖陵；中国；上古海洋文明；城邦文明

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科学前沿类似青藏高原和珠峰的第三极

平角

Recommended: 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), 绵阳日报社, 绵阳, 四川 621000, 中国, y-tx@163.com

Abstract摘要：中文是未来科学类似的“青藏高原”，因为中文能谱写更多的科技创新，科学类似的“珠峰”就包藏在里面----2006年佩雷尔曼证明庞加莱猜想（正定理），但没有证明没公开的庞加莱猜想外定理----即“柯召--魏时珍--赵华明猜想”，她是中文“青藏高原”类似科学的“珠峰”，超前现代西方超弦理论的发现，简称为“柯猜弦论”。

[平角. 科学前沿类似青藏高原和珠峰的第三极. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):72-79]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.09.

Keywords 关键词：中文汉字、青藏高原、柯猜弦论、珠峰

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Geotechnical Evaluation of Termitarium within Akure, Nigeria

¹Olumuyiwa S. Aderinola and ²Titilayo A. Owolabi

¹ Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria

²Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Technology, Hong Kong, China

¹Email: osaderinola@futa.edu.ng

²Email: taowolabi@connect.ust.hk

*Corresponding Author: taowolabi@connect.ust.hk

Abstract: Termites attack on building materials such as planks is highly destructive. The positive contribution of termites to the environmental soil was examined in this research. Three termitaria were selected randomly within Akure, Nigeria. Soil samples were taken at the cores of each termitarium and also 4m away from both sides. Biological characteristics of the contained termites were examined using quadrat method for identification and to study how to induce these improvements in the reworked soil. Geotechnical properties of the reworked soils were examined such as sieve analysis, specific gravity, moisture content etc. These results were compared with each other with respect to the termite specie contained in each mound to analyze which is the best specie to induce geotechnical improvements. The result revealed that termites are of different species and they use different materials to improving soil properties. It was observed that the geotechnical properties of termitaria are far better than the adjacent or surrounding soils. The improvement was traced to the activities of termites in the termitaria.

[Olumuyiwa S. Aderinola and Titilayo A. Owolabi. Geotechnical Evaluation of Termitarium within Akure, Nigeria. Academ Arena 2020;12(11):80-88]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj121120.10.

Keywords: Termites, termitaria, quadrat method, reworked soil, geotechnical properties

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