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Colorization of Gray Level Images by Neural Network

^*Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh ¹, Hojat Jafari¹, Ali Hayati², Alireza Malvandi¹, Mohammad Fiuzy¹, Javad Haddadnia¹

^1. Sabzevar Tarbiat Moallem University/Department of Electrical Engineering, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi Iran

²Islamic Azad University Sabzevar Branch, Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi Iran

Corresponding:^* h.ghayoumizadeh@gmail.com

Abstract: in this paper, first, we color the gray level pictures but later we want to perform the coloring of human pictures automatically and intelligently by means of the implemented neural network. Because of the technique applied in this paper, this method can be used in colorizing medical images. Color images achieved have good distinction and separation. For this purpose, a combination of artificial neural networks and some image processing algorithms was developed to transfer colors from a user-selected source image to a target grayscale image. The proposed method can be used to separate the objects in gray images. Our method is based on a simple premise: neighboring pixels in space-time that have similar intensities should have similar colors. We formalize this premise using a quadratic cost function and obtain an optimization problem that can be solved efficiently using standard techniques. In our approach an artist only needs to annotate the image with a few color scribbles, and the indicated colors are automatically propagated in both space and time to produce a fully colorized image or sequence.

[Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh, Hojat Jafari, Ali Hayati, Alireza Malvandi, Mohammad Fiuzy, Javad Haddadnia. Colorization of Gray Level Images by Neural Network. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):1-7]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.01.

Keywords: colorization, Equalization, neural networks, gray level.

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Design Characteristics And Bycatch Mortality Of Beach-Seine Operations In Atlantic Coast Of Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Nigeria

 Ambrose, Eyo and Edet, Imo

Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environmental Management， Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Uyo.

Correspondence: eyoambrose@yahoo.com

Abstract: Bycatch become an important global environmental issue in marine capture fisheries. The major problems identified were mortality of juveniles of commercially important species, ecosystem simplification and trophic structure destruction and changes and depletion in fish population. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the design characteristics and bycatch mortality of beach seine operations. The beach seine net deployed in the area were made of polyamide, multifilament and monofilament stretched mesh sizes and its corresponding thickness respectively. Sinking force and buoyancy force were computed, while hanging co-efficient were also calculated. The names, length and weight of fish species caught by near shore beach seine and its corresponding families in twenty (20) landings were observed, identified and recorded as well as the comparison of mature and juvenile bycatches compositions. A relative paired T-test analysis of catch compositions showed an extremely statistically significant results (P < 0.05, n = 20, df = 19). The average minimum to maximum length and weight of each species were measured and recorded, the least length (0.5mm) and weight (0.5g) were for parapenaeopsis atlantica while the highest length (88cm) and weight (56.50kg) were for mugil cephalus and sphyraena sphyraena respectively. Percentage contributions were as follows; pseudotolithius elongatus (10.07%; P < 0.05, n = 26, df = 25), Ethmalosa fimbriata (9.48%; P < 0.05, n = 26, df = 25) and Caranx carangus (8.78%; P < 0.05, n = 26, df = 25) while Lutjanus goreensis (0.67%; P < 0.05, n = 26, df = 25) showed least significant.

[Ambrose, Eyo and Edet, Imo. Design Characteristics And Bycatch Mortality Of Beach-Seine Operations In Atlantic Coast Of Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Nigeria. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):8-15]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.02.

Keywords: Design characteristics, Bycatch mortality, Beach-seine operations, Juvenile and Atlantic coast

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Prevalence of bovine coccidiosis and ostertagiosis in & around kombolcha district of south wollo, ethiopia

Enyiew Alemnew ^1, Faris Delil², Habtamu Addis³

Debre birhan agricultural research center, livestock research directorate

Email: alemnnewenyiew@gmial.com

Abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 up to April 2015 in and around Kombolcha district with the objective of determining the comparative prevalence of bovine coccidiosis and ostertagiosis infection in calves, and the associated risk factors in different production systems. Fecal samples were randomly collected from a total of 384 calves with the age of 1 month to 1 year old. After collection, the samples were transported to Kombolcha regional veterinary laboratory and examined for the presence of Eimeria spp. oocyst and Strongyle type eggs by flotation techniques and fecal culture for further identification to the genus level (Ostertagia). In this study, out of 384 calves whose fecal samples were examined, to investigate the two genera, Ostertagia spp. occurred in 202 calves (52.6%), and the Eimeria spp. occurred in 112 calves (29.2%). In 80 (20.8%) of all animals in the current study co-infection has been identified. In the present study there were statistically significant differences (P< 0.05) in the prevalence of Eimeria spp. and Ostertagia spp. infection, and co-infection in relation to body condition, age and management systems. However, there was no significant association between sex of calves investigated in relation neither with Eimeria spp., Ostertagia spp. infection nor with mixed infections (P>0.05). The present findings demonstrated that Eimeria spp. and Ostertagia spp. to be important pathogens in calves in the study area. Hence, further investigations should be conducted in order to render more detail information about bovine ostertagiosis and coccidiosis in the study area, so as to put appropriate control and prevention measures in place

[Enyiew Alemnew  Faris Delil, Habtamu Addis. Prevalence of bovine coccidiosis and ostertagiosis in & around kombolcha district of south wollo, ethiopia. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):16-25]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.03.

Keywords: Calves, Coccidiosis, Kombolcha, Ostertagiosis, Prevalence

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Cellular events in the process of fertilization

Nigatu Ebisa¹, Chala Mohammed¹, Umer Seid¹ and Awel Hussein²

^1.Wollega University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia

² Oda Bultum University, College of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Ethiopia

Corresponding Author: Dr. Chala Mohammed, Wollega University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 395, Ethiopia. Tel: +251-913-11-5805.

chalamohammed@wollegauniversity.edu.et

Abstract: the fertilization process in mammals take place in complex microenvironment in the Female genital tract, and the oviduct fluid represent in which oocyte, spermatozoa, and embryo are suspended during oviductal transit. Early events in fertilization requires interactions between complementary molecules present on the different cell surfaces. In this way carbohydrate play a key role in different reproductive events such as sperm-oviduct cell interaction, a prerequisite for oocyte zona pellucida (ZP) interaction, and sperm-oocyte recognition, necessary for primary binding, among others. Fertilization process consist different sequence such as production of oocyte, production of spermatozoa, migration of sperm into reproductive tract, gamete adhesion and fusion, acrosomal reaction to zona pellucida and penetration sperm in side of oocyte. Even though some studies and literature review have been conducted on the cellular events of fertilization, the sequence events are not as such understand by many people. So to give the artificial insemination, veterinarians should be know the process of fertilization and get awareness regarding the molecules participating in fertilization.

[Nigatu Ebisa, Chala Mohammed, Umer Seid and Awel Hussein. Cellular events in the process of fertilization. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):26-33]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.04.

Key words: Fertilization, Gamete, Oocyte, Spermatozoa, Zona pellucida

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张树润四维时间弦论与全息弦理论----全息超弦理论的研究与应用（1）

梁子章 叶眺新

Recommended: 张洞生 (Zhang Dongsheng), 17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, USA, zhangds12@hotmail.com, zds@outlook.com; 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), y-tx@163.com

Abstract 摘要：弦的状态无穷无尽，可以构成任意数量的“基本粒子”。用基本粒子揭开宇宙之谜，实际就是用全息超弦理论的呈展网、迭代网和对偶网揭开自然现象的统一之谜，以及人类命运共同体、民族命运共同体和政权命运共同体等现象的统一之谜；科学是与历史、党史联系着的。本文拿张树润的四维时间弦论例子，作为系列文章的第一篇来阐述说明。

[梁子章 叶眺新. 张树润四维时间弦论与全息弦理论----全息超弦理论的研究与应用（1）. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):34-42]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.05.

Keywords 关键词：全息超弦 呈展网 迭代网 对偶网 改革开放

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再 探 统 一 场 理 论 的 研 究

孙纯武

单位名称、江苏省扬州三力电器集团 通信地址、江苏省扬州市西湖镇蜀秀花园20幢805室,

邮编225008 电子信箱： yzscw0514@163.com qq号458669609

Abstract: French scientists Laplace requirements: we must get the current state of the universe as the result of its former state, and the reason for the later development, if there is a kind of wisdom to understand its real respective position, if it is also great to enough to analyze all of these things, it can use a single formula summarizes the movement of the universe, the object, from the biggest to the smallest atom, all without exception, but also for the future as in the past, can be clear at a glance.

[孙纯武. 再 探 统 一 场 理 论 的 研 究. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):43-53]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.06.

Keywords [关键词]: 统一场论、椭圆图图解、公式、统一场论的应用、《偏心旋转发动机》

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马航MH370飞往北京客机为何途中坠毀？稿件

孙纯武，研究员

中国江苏省扬州市人，主要从事研究自然科学等； 单位名称、江苏省扬州三力电器集团

电子信箱: yzscw0514@163.com; qq号: 458669609

Abstract (摘要): 这次客机我认为是天灾，是飞行员从未有空中球状团如何形成和运动等方面的新科学知识教育所致，造成操作不当发生坠机事故。或超強龙卷风中两个气旋团等能量撞上飞机及机翼，一边撕坏了飞机和副驾驶的理智，一边失控后飞机被强气流风刮向西南方向，坠入大海或深山老林中。不存在是扎哈里机长的“自杀性行为造成的这起空难”。

[孙纯武，研究员. 马航MH370飞往北京客机为何途中坠毀？稿件. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):54-61]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.07.

Keywords 关健词 马航MH370客机 　埃航９９０航班 德翼A320客机坠毁 坠机事故原因

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Mendeleev Periodic table is wrong

Jiang Chun-xuan

P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, P. R. China

jcxxxx@163.com

[Jiang Chun-xuan. Mendeleev Periodic table is wrong . Academ Arena 2017;9(11):62-70]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.08.

Keywords: Mendeleev Periodic table

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There Are Only 92 stable elements in Nature

Jiang Chun-xuan

P. O. Box 142-206, Beijing 100854, P. R. China

jcxxxx@163.com

[Jiang Chun-xuan. There Are Only 92 stable elements in Nature. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):71-80]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.09.

Keywords: 92 stable elements, Nature

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Non-Climatically Factors Causing Weather Changes

Marzieh Samimi^õ1, Amir Samimi²

^1-Departments of Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, IRAN

^2- Departments of Engineering, Mahshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr, IRAN

^1- marziehsamimi68@gmail.com,           ^2- amirsamimi1161@gmail.com

Abstract: Climate change refers to the oscillations in earth global or regional climate in time interval and defines those changes that fluctuate with mean atmospheric conditions or average weather (common) in timescale intervals which fluctuate between decades to million years. These changes may have been resulted from earth internal processes or forces beyond it (like oscillations in sun light intensity) or in recent times due to activities related to the man-made climatically changes. Especially in recent application in the subject of environment policy, the expression of; climate change; often refers to the current changes in new climate. The subject of climate change and its possible effects on different social and educational sections has been raised as one of the human technological challenges. Recent studies show that radiations forces due to greenhouse gases are the main factors for global warming. Greenhouse gases also have an important role in understanding earth climate history. Based on these studies greenhouse effect which produces heat due to trapping of heat by greenhouse gases has a key role in adjusting earth temperature. This article has investigated the non-climatically factors causing weather changes.

[Marzieh Samimi, Amir Samimi. Non-Climatically Factors Causing Weather Changes. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):81-88]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.10.

Keywords: climate change, greenhouse gases, environmental policy, earth warming

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超弦初心古太极图及阴阳源缘之争----全息超弦理论的研究与应用（3）

梁子章 叶眺新

Recommended: 张洞生 (Zhang Dongsheng), 17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, USA, zhangds12@hotmail.com, zds@outlook.com; 王德奎 (Wang Dekui), y-tx@163.com

Abstract摘要：古代“格物致知”的发现、发明，科学不去占领，伪科学去占领，方术、封建迷信去占领，儒家文官集团去占领，儒家学者集团去占领，就一点也不奇怪。“科学”，与科学的定义关系不大。只要你能一人独自做完做对了一本国家出版的《高等数学习题集》书上的全部习题，你可以成为半个科学家。

[梁子章 叶眺新. 超弦初心古太极图及阴阳源缘之争----全息超弦理论的研究与应用（3）. Academ Arena 2017;9(11):89-100]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj091117.11.

Keywords: 关键词：太极图 墨比乌斯带 乌克兰

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