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我们宇宙演变真实的<时间简史>，宇宙和人类

张洞生

17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, U.S.A.

zhangds12@hotmail.com; zds@outlook,com

Abstract: ‘我们宇宙从哪里来，往哪里去。’同样，生命和人类的起源，这些是人类永恒的疑问和话题。本文是按照新书《黑洞宇宙学概论》中相关章节的新观念新理论和论述编辑而成。文章引用书中得出准确的计算数据和论证，简略地论述了我们宇宙的诞生和演变的真实历史，即其<时间简史>。并论述了我们宇宙‘诞生、膨胀降温、演变发展’的过程，和在不同时空里，形成不同的物质形态和能量。后半部探讨了宇宙和人类的关系。

[张洞生. 我们宇宙演变真实的<时间简史>，宇宙和人类. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):1-8]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.01.

关键词：宇宙；我们宇宙诞生于最小黑洞M_bm≡‘普朗克粒子’m_p，而不是广义相对论方程解的‘奇点’；我们宇宙是真实的‘黑洞宇宙’；我们宇宙的<时间简史>；宇宙和人类

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Investigation the impact of talent management strategies on organizational effectiveness in education

Abolfazl Ehsani¹, Hamed Attari², Mohsen Rahpeyma²

^1. Lecturer in Farhangian University, MSc of Educational Planning, Educational Planning Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University (ATU), Tehran, Iran

^2. BS of Educational science, Farhangian University, Shahid Maghsoudi Campus, Hamedan, Iran

Attari.hamed@gmail.com

Abstract: In today's world, organizations have found that talent management resources that are needed to achieve the best results. According to the Talent can, dynamic organization towards sustainable development and continuous lead in the field of human resources. Organizations need talent to solve the crisis, his gaze focused on succession planning and talent strategy employed within the organization built on identifying, developing existing talent focus. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between talent management and organizational effectiveness among employees of Hamedan city that is descriptive and correlational research method. The population of this study included all administrative employees of the city of Hamedan Education and sample research staff to 209 people are an area. According to sample size table of Morgan and Krejcie were selected randomly. To collect data from two surveys of self-made talent management of Maricopa definition-based and organizational effectiveness Hersey and Blanchard with 0.82 and 0.78 reliability was used. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. The results showed that the relationship between talent management and organizational effectiveness there is a significant dimensions.

[Abolfazl Ehsani, Hamed Attari, Mohsen Rahpeyma. Investigation the impact of talent management strategies on organizational effectiveness in education. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):9-14]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.02.

Key words: Talent, management, human resources, education

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Fungal pathogens of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) and their bio-control

Ijato J. Y

Department Of Plant Science, Faculty Of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti P.M.B 5363, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

E-mail: considerureternity@gmail.com, GSM: 08067335124

Abstract: Plant disease management should be ecologically based and should be undertaken within the purview of integrated pest and diseases management scheme. Therefore, the best method is to utilize environment-friendly concept. Really, the use of bio-fungicide of mainly plant based products has gained ground in the recent time. Moreover, plant biodiversity has provided a suitable platform and source of biologically active materials for use in traditional crop protection system. Investigation was carried out to test the efficacy of aqueous Ocimum gratissimum extracts for the control of yam tuber rot caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Hot and cold water extracts were obtained from leaves of O. gratissimum and were found to be fungicidal against the fungi. The extracts suppressed the growth of these fungi in culture and reduced rot development in yam tubers. The most phytotoxic capacity of hot water extract of O. gratissimum at 50g/100ml was found against B. theobromae (95.71%) and A. flavus (96.67%). Similarly, the most fungicidal values of 95.33% and 79.75% were respectively evoked against A. glaucus and A. niger by hot water extract of O. gratissimum at 50g/100ml. The most mycelial reduction effects of cold water extract of O. gratissimum at 50g/100ml was against B. theobromae and A. flavus, evoking 90.48% and100% respectively. Cold water extract of O. gratissimum  at 50g/100ml performed most by causing inhibition on A. glaucus (100%) and A. niger (96.40%). The phytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of O. gratissimum are without any known residual implication.

[Ijato J. Y. Fungal pathogens of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) and their bio-control. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):15-17]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.03.

Key words: O. gratissimum, rot pathogens, yam tuber rot

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现代物理学基础的思考之四————《广义相对论的思考》

李学生 (Li Xuesheng)

山东大学副教授，理论物理教师, 中国管理科学院学术委员会特约研究员, 北京相对论研究联谊会会员，中国民主同盟盟员

xiandaiwulixue@21cn.com, 1922538071@qq.com

摘要 (Abstract): 广义相对论理论的核心是新的引力场定律和引力场方程.有人说，麦克斯韦在电磁场上做过什么工作，Einstein在引力场也做过什么工作.广义相对论引人注目的特征之一是将牛顿力学中的引力简化为四维时空中的弯曲，“宇宙图景”的新情景不再是“三维空间中一片以太海洋的受迫振动”，而是“四维空间世界线上的一个纽结”. 1914年，Einstein与洛伦兹的学生福寇一起发表了一篇严格遵守广义协变性要求的引力理论的简短论文，发现从绝对运算和广义协变性的要求出发，可以证明诺茨屈劳姆的理论只是Einstein—格罗斯曼理论的一种特殊情况，其标志是真空光速不变这一附加条件；Einstein—格罗斯曼理论包含着光的弯曲，而诺茨屈劳姆的理论没有光的弯曲.

[李学生 (Li Xuesheng). 现代物理学基础的思考之四————《广义相对论的思考》. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):18-48]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.04.

关键词 (Keywords): 广义相对;引力场; 定律; 麦克斯韦; 电磁场; 四维时空; 宇宙; 光; 弯曲

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新引力理论和宇宙膨胀理论-在宇宙中无暗物质和无暗能量

Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄)

Institute for Basic Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA

And: P. O. Box 3924, Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)

jiangchunxuan@sohu.com, cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn, jcxuan@sina.com, Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com, jcxxxx@163.com

摘要: 利用快子理论发现了新引力公式（16），亚光速物质转动产生离心力这点大家都知道，超光速物质转动产生向心力作用在亚光速物质上产生引力。利用这我们建立了宇宙膨胀理论，参看图2，（22）—（25）。引力子能够转变为静止质量，参看图2，，（24）和（27）。牛顿引力理论是近似的，而爱因斯坦广义相对论是错误的。暗物质，暗能量，引力波，黑洞，量子纠缠和平行宇宙都不存在。

[Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄). 新引力理论和宇宙膨胀理论-在宇宙中无暗物质和无暗能量. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):49-55]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.05.

Keywords: 新引力理论; 宇宙膨胀理论; 宇宙; 无暗物质; 无暗能量

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Technology foresight and forecasting, strategic guideline keys for companies

Mehdi Shafiei, Borhan Vala Magham

Interlingua College, Humanities Specialized Education, Voronezh, Russia

shafiee1389@gmail.com

Abstract: For strategic decision making in each country and its organizations the future should be considered and determine the position of the country and it's organizations in future, and plan to achieve that position. Therefore, no future planning is possible without prediction, so in technology strategic planning technological parameters that affect the future of the organization should be defined by fore sighting and forecasting technology and uses this parameter for long term planning. This article explains this topic and focuses on technology prediction and futurism that are the guideline keys for strategic planning and gives brief information about two countries that were pioneer in this field (Japan and Turkey).

[Mehdi Shafiei, Borhan Vala Magham. Technology foresight and forecasting, strategic guideline keys for companies. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):56-60]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.06.

Keywords: Foresight; forecasting; strategic; company; organization; future

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Energy strategy of USA

Masome Reshad

Department of International Relation, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

masomereshad2000@gmail.com

Abstract: America by importing about 10 million oil barrels per day is very dependent on Middle East as a region with about 56.6% of the oil in the world. This dependence on Middle East oil encountered USA with an extensive political and security issues during the previous decades. Here Barak Obama administration in its strategy emphasized more on some policies such as “Diversification”, “reserve of fuel resources”, increasing “energy efficiency” and investing on new energies to reduce USA dependency on Middle East oil by decreasing oil consumption.

[Masome Reshad. Energy strategy of USA. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):61-63]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.07.

Keywords: Clean fuels; diversification; energy efficiency; environmental concerns; Middle East

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Using Series Active Filter for Limitation of Fault Currents

Y. Hoseynpoor, T. Pirzadeh Ashraf, Sh. Sajedi, T. Karimi

Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran

Yaser.hoseynpoor@gmail.com

Abstract: Power quality improvement has become a very important topic in power systems over the past several decades. Custom power devices (DFACT) are a kind of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices which are used for power quality enhancement in distribution networks. The Series Active Filter or dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a modern custom power device used in power distribution networks to protect consumers from sudden sags (and swells) in grid voltage. Implemented at medium voltage level, the DVR can be used to protect a group of medium voltage or low voltage consumers. However, the DVR will therefore be tasked to mitigate even more faults involving downstream loads. Large fault currents would flow through the DVR during a downstream fault before the opening of a circuit breaker. This will cause the voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) to drop, which would affect the loads on the other parallel feeders connected to PCC. Here, the Z-source inverter based DVR is proposed to compensate voltage disturbance at the PCC and to reduce the fault current in downstream of DVR. By calculating instantaneous current magnitude in synchronous frame, control system recognizes if the fault exists or not, and determines whether DVR should compensate voltage disturbance or try to reduce the fault current. The proposed system is simulated under voltage sag and swell and short circuit conditions. The simulation results show that the system operates correctly under voltage sag and short circuit conditions.

[Y. Hoseynpoor, T. Pirzadeh Ashraf, Sh. Sajedi, T. Karimi. Using Series Active Filter for Limitation of Fault Currents. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):64-69]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.08.

Keywords: Series Active Filter, Dynamic voltage Restorer, Z-Source Inverter, Voltage disturbance, fault Current

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Proper use of learning styles in adult classes

Mohammad Abedi, Ali Badragheh

Department of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

*Corresponding author: abedi114@yahoo.com

Abstract: There are many tests available to help you and your students discover your best learning style. Generally speaking, however, if you are someone who is more likely to think in pictures, prefer to meet with someone in person, and are more likely to want visual diagrams when completing a project you have tendencies towards visual learning. Similarly, if you are more likely to think in terms of sounds, prefer to speak on the phone with someone, and want verbal instructions then you tend towards auditory learning. Finally, if you are more likely to think in terms of moving images like mini-movies in your mind, prefer to participate in an activity when you meet to speak with someone, and tend to jump right into a project without reading directions you tend towards tactile/kinesthetic learning.

[Mohammad Abedi, Ali Badragheh. Proper use of learning styles in adult classes. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):70-74]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.09.

Keywords: learning styles, adult learning

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Evaluation of the Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Safflower

Adel Vahedi¹, Maryam Saeedi², Esmaeil Yasari³ and Abed Vahedi⁴

¹Corresponding author: Asstt Prof. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. av1790@hotmail.com

² Wood and Paper Industries, Mazandaran, Iran

³Agriculture Department, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran

⁴ Assistant Prof, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.

Abstract: An experiment in the split plot design in the format of completely randomized blocks with four replicates was carried out in the city of Firuzkooh to study the effect of seeding date on safflower cultivars in the years 2009-2010. The experimental treatments included the seeding date as the major factor (four different dates 20 days apart from each other – February 28, March 20, April 9, and April 29 ) and the cultivar as the minor factor( the three cultivars of Sina, Isfahan 14, and Padideh). Results obtained show that yield and its components are significantly affected by delays in the seeding date –that is, the more the seeding date is delayed from the suitable seeding date, the more the yield is reduced. Safflower cultivars also show statistically significant differences due to their high production potential and also because of the degree of their adaptation to the weather in the area. As a whole, the cultivars can be seeded in Firuzkooh at the seeding dates of February 28 and March 29; and these two dates did not give significantly different results. Based on the results of this experiment, the cultivar Padideh was superior in many of the traits investigated, while the cultivar Isfahan 14 did not meet the necessary requirements to be recommended for Firuzkooh.

[Adel Vahedi, Maryam Saeedi, Esmaeil Yasari and Abed Vahedi^. Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative yield of Safflower. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):75-80]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.10.

Key words: Safflower, seeding date, cultivars, yield, yield components

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Principles for the Teachers of Adults and its importance

Mahdi Nazarpoor

Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

E-mail: mehdi758463@yahoo.com

Abstract: For most adults, being out of the classroom for even a few years can make going back to school intimidating. If they haven’t taken a class in decades, it’s understandable that they would have some degree of apprehension about what it will be like and how well they’ll do. It can be tough to be a rookie when you’ve been an expert in your field for many, many years. Nobody enjoys feeling foolish. Your job as a teacher of adult students includes being positive and encouraging. Patience helps too. Give your older students time to respond when you ask a question. They may need a few moments to consider their answer. Recognize the contributions they make, even when small. Give them words of encouragement whenever the opportunity arises. Most adults will rise to your expectations if you’re clear about them. A word of caution here. Being positive and encouraging is not the same as being condescending. Always remember that your students are adults. Speaking to them in the tone of voice you might use with a child is offensive, and the damage can be very difficult to overcome. Genuine encouragement from one person to another, regardless of age, is a wonderful point of human interaction.

[Mahdi Nazarpoor. Principles for the Teachers of Adults and its importance. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):81-86]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.11.

Keywords: adult education, Teacher of Adults

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Joint operation of several types of Power Plants to Increasing Net Profit in Deregulated Power Market

Y. Hoseynpoor, T. Pirzadeh Ashraf, Sh. Sajedi, T. Karimi

Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran

Yaser.hoseynpoor@gmail.com

Abstract: This work proposes joint operation of power plant and electric energy storage plant in order to maximizing overall profit in a restructured electricity market. Among electric energy storage technologies, we select NaS battery systems for coupling with power plant because of their enough technological maturation and less environmental impacts. The goal is investigating the coupling efficiency on profit increment considering various intensities of power plant’s fuel constraint. In order to reach this goal, the amount of overall profits of fuel-constrained power plant, NaS battery plant and their coupling are first calculated in a specific time interval. Then, the coupling efficiency is determined using incremental profit rate. Having an appropriate strategy to calculate this parameter is essential. Hence, a comprehensive approach to self-schedule of individual and coupled plants is developed. This comprehensive self-scheduling approach is therefore formulated and solved as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. Numerical results for a case study are discussed.

[Y. Hoseynpoor, T. Pirzadeh Ashraf, Sh. Sajedi, T. Karimi. Joint operation of several types of Power Plants to Increasing Net Profit in Deregulated Power Market. Academ Arena 2016;8(8):87-94]. ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 12. doi:10.7537/marsaaj080816.12.

Keywords: Coupling, Fuel-constrained power plant, NaS battery plant, Day-ahead market, Self-scheduling problem

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