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Academia Arena
学术争鸣
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online),
doi prefix: 10.7537, Monthly
Volume 8 - Number 5
(Cumulated No. 83), May 25, 2016
Cover (pdf),
Cover (jpg), Introduction, Contents, Call for
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CONTENTS
|
No. |
Titles /
Authors /Abstracts |
Full Text |
No. |
|
1 |
Analysis
Of Shrimp Bycatch In The Nematopalaemon Shrimp
Fishery Of Okoro
River Estuary, Southeastern Nigeria
*Ukpatu John and Eyo
Ambrose
Department of Fisheries
and Aquatic Environmental Management, Faculty of
Agriculture, University of Uyo, P.M.B 1017 Uyo Nigeria.
*Corresponding author:
08027716902; E-mail:
etitigwun@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The
species composition, size structure, length frequency
and length at first maturity (L50) of shrimps
and bycatch in the Nematopalaemon shrimp fishery
in the fishing grounds of Okoro River estuary,
Southeastern, Nigeria
were studied for 12 consecutive months (April 2011 to
March 2012). Seven (7) shrimp
species belonging to three (3) families were identified
in the catch, while forty-one (41) species belonging to
29 families of fishes constituted the bycatch species
and are juveniles with a total length range of 0.32 to
46 cm. The catch composition comprised palaemonidae,
penaeidae, hyppolytidae, teleostei, elasmobranch and
invertebrate families. Sciaenidae and clupeidae recorded
the most abundant families in the bycatch component,
while the squids are mainly of the family,
Ommastrophedae. Total catch consisted of 85% shrimp, 14%
bycatch and 0.81% crabs/squids. Shrimp to bycatch ratio
was calculated as 6:1, while crabs to squids ratio was
7:1. One sample t-test found a significant difference
(p<0.05) between mean length (Lmean) and length at
maturity (Lm) for 16 species. Maturity length (Lm) value
was significantly greater than mean length (Lmean) for
30 out of the 41 bycatch species analyzed, indicating
that young and immature fishes were harvested. There is
a danger that too many fish may be caught before they
could spawn and replace themselves. The results can be
interpreted as an important tool in monitoring of
artisanal shrimp fishery and in the evaluation of
bycatch component.
[Ukpatu John and Eyo
Ambrose. Analysis Of Shrimp
Bycatch In The Nematopalaemon Shrimp Fishery Of
Okoro River Estuary, Southeastern Nigeria.
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):1-9].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
1.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.01
Key Words:
bycatch-to-shrimp ratio, Lmean/Lm ratio, shrimp trawl
fisheries, Okoro River estuary, Southeastern Nigeria |
Full Text |
1 |
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2 |
Replacement value of
millet for maize as a source of energy in the diets of
growing rabbits.
M. Abubakar*, R. Ahmed,
and 1Y.A. Kirfi
Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
University, Bauchi, Nigeria
1Department
of Animal Science
and Range Management, MAUTECH Yola, Adamawa state
*Corresponding Author email:
mabubakarkobi@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract:
The study was conducted
to determine the replacement value of millet for maize
as a source of energy in the diets of growing rabbits.
Forty weaned mongrel rabbits were used for the study.
The rabbits were randomly assigned to five dietary
treatments with eight rabbits per treatments. The
rabbits were kept for eight weeks during which they were
fed formulated feed in which maize was replaced with
millet at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels in the diets. 1
control, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively replacing maize as
a source of energy. The results on the performance of
the rabbits fed the experimental diets for daily feed
intake showed no significant (p> 0.05) difference in all
the treatments. Daily water intake was highly
significant (P<0.001) with the highest value recorded in
T2 (211.09ml) and lower value in T1 (148.9ml). No
significant (P>0.05) difference recorded in the initial
weight, while the final weight was different (P<0.05) in
T2, T4 and T5, but not significant (P>0.05) in T1 and
T3. Daily weight gain showed no significant (P>0.05)
difference among T2, T4 and T3, T5 but significantly
different (P<0.05) in T1. Feed conversion was recorded
significant (P<0.05) in T4, while no significant
(P>0.05) difference in T1, T2 and T3, T5. The carcass
evaluation revealed that pelt, liver and lungs were
recorded highly significant (P<0.001) difference. Kidney
and kidney fat were high in significant (P<0.01)
difference. Dressing percentage was also significant
(P<0.05) while live weight, carcass weight, head, tail,
small intestine, large intestine, spleen, heart and
stomach were all similar across the treatments. In the
economic analysis, the total feed intake was observed
higher in T5 (3.96kg) and least feed intake in T4
(3.81kg). T1 had the highest feed cost/kg. Total weight
gain was higher in T4 and feed cost/gain was observed
high in T1 with the value (N78.28).
[M.
Abubakar, R. Ahmed and Y.A. Kirfi.
Replacement
value of millet for maize as a source of energy in the
diets of growing rabbits.
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):10-14].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
2.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.02
Key Words:
millet (Pennisetum typhoid), Energy source,
rabbit |
Full Text |
2 |
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3 |
宇宙边界和时间的相对性
——膨胀的“时间球”
郭丙善
中国河北石家庄人，工程师。电话：15032050368，Email：gbs3218@163.com
Recommended: Zhang
Dongsheng,
zhangds12@hotmail.com
摘
要：揭示宇宙空间问题是一件庞大的认识工程。“距离是一个时间概念”
“时间是三维的”，通过改变人们对“距离”、“时间”概念的固有认识，建立了“时间球”宇宙模型。从“时间球”角度揭示了宇宙是什么样子的，何为宇宙的中心和边界。同时指出了时间在时空中的相对性的原因，阐述了光线运动轨迹问题、光线弯曲及曲率函数问题，解释了背景辐射现象和光速不可叠加现象。并且根据“时间球”宇宙模型对宇宙现象作出了一些推论和解释。
[郭丙善.
宇宙边界和时间的相对性——膨胀的“时间球”.
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):15-32].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
3.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.03
关键词：宇宙边界、“时间球”、时间流逝相对性、速度叠加原理、光速不变 |
Full Text |
3 |
|
4 |
The Impact of the Intangible Asset on Business
Performance: Empirical Study on Algerian Companies
Dr Bouguesri Sarra1 & Pr Benabou Djillali2
1.
University of Chlef, Algeria 02000;
2.
University of Mascara, Algeria, 29000
sara9002007@yahoo.fr,
djbenabou@yahoo.fr
Abstract:
The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of
Intellectual Capital (IC) In Algerian Companies'
Business Performance (BP). The data was collected from
307 employees by means of a questionnaire. Statistical
techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA
test, correlation and multiple regressions were
employed. To confirm the suitability of data collection
instrument, a Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test, Cronbach’s
Alpha and factor analysis were used.
The present study found that each of the three types of
intellectual capital to be associated with increased
business performance. Human capital, structural capital
and relational capital exhibited weak relationship with
business performance. The relationship between
structural capital and performance become statistically
significant in the study with weakness relationship.
IC should be taken into serious consideration when
formulating the companies' strategy. Finally, these
results refer the necessary to increase the awareness of
the manager to the importance of the intellectual
capital component’s
in result to increase the business performance.
[Bouguesri
Sarra & Benabou Djillali.
The Impact of the Intangible Asset on Business
Performance: Empirical Study on Algerian Companies. Academ Arena
2016;8(5):33-42]. ISSN
1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
4.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.04
Key Words:
Intellectual Capital (IC), Human Capital (HC),
Structural Capital (SC), Relational Capital (RC),
Algerian companies, Business Performance (BP).
L’Impact du Capital Immatériel sur la Performance de
l’Entreprise: Etude Empirique sur les Sociétés
Algériennes.
Dr Bouguesri Sarra1 & Pr Benabou Djillali2
1.
University of Chlef, Algeria 02000;
2.
University of Mascara, Algeria, 29000
sara9002007@yahoo.fr,
djbenabou@yahoo.fr
Résumé:
Le but de l'étude est d'étudier l'impact du capital
intellectuel (CI) sur la performance de l’entreprise
dans les sociétés Algériennes. Les données ont été
recueillies auprès de 307 employés par questionnaire.
Les techniques statistiques telles que les statistiques
descriptives, le test t de Student, le test ANOVA, la
corrélation et les régressions multiples ont été
utilisés. Et pour confirmer l'aptitude de l'instrument
de collecte de données, nous avons utilisé le test
Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) et l’indice alpha de Cronbach.
La présente étude démontre que chacun des trois types du
capital intellectuel doit être associé avec la
performance accrue de l'entreprise. Le capital humain,
le capital structurel et le capital relationnel ont
montré une relation faible avec la performance de
l'entreprise. La relation entre le capital structurel et
les performances deviennent statistiquement
significative dans l'étude avec une relation faible. Le
capital intellectuel devrait être sérieusement pris en
considération lors de l’élaboration de la stratégie des
entreprises. Enfin, les résultats obtenus font référence
à la nécessité d’accroître la sensibilisation du
gestionnaire quant à l'importance des composantes du
capital intellectuel dont le résultat est d'augmenter la
performance de l'entreprise.
[Bouguesri S, Benabou D.
L’Impact du Capital Immatériel sur la Performance de
l’Entreprise : Etude Empirique sur les Sociétés
Algériennes.
Academ Arena
2016;8(5):33-42]. ISSN
1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
4.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.04
Mots clés:
Capital intellectuel -
Capital humain -
Capital structurel - Capital
Relationnel -
Sociétés Algériennes - Performance
de l’entreprise. |
Full Text |
4 |
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5 |
Systematic Review on Microbiological and Physicochemical
Indicators of Water Quality
Ruhuoma Wosu Kinika1, Chisom Ejileugha1,
Asiton-a Asifamabia Dick 2
1Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port
Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State,
Nigeria
2Department
of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and
Technology, Rivers State College of Arts and Science,
P.M.B. 5936, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
unipas013@gmail.com;
asitona@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Water is one of the
most important natural resources, and there are many
conflicting demands upon it. Skillful management of
water bodies is required if they are to be used for such
diverse purposes as domestic and industrial supply, crop
irrigation, transport, recreation sport, and commercial
fisheries, power generation and waste disposal. Water
quality simply refers to the overall characteristics of
aquatic environment. Once maximum acceptable
concentrations of selected variables in relation to
water use have been exceeded, or the aquatic habitat and
biota have been markedly modified, the water quality is
usually defined as polluted. Water that is free of
disease-producing microorganisms and chemical substances
deleterious to health is called potable water. Water
contaminated with either domestic or industrial wastes
is called non-potable or polluted water. The assessment
of portability generally is based on knowledge of
sanitary condition of the supply as determined by
bacteriological monitoring. Water quality monitoring is
based on the detection of coliform and the specific
indicator of human faecal contamination, Escherichia
coli. Description of the quality of the aquatic
environment can be carried out in a variety of ways. It
can be achieved either through quantitative measurement
(in the water, particulate material or biological
tissues) and biochemical/biological or through
semi-qualitative descriptions such as biotic indices,
visual aspects, species inventories, odour and others.
[R. Wosu
Kinika,
C. Ejileugha and A. A. Dick.
Systematic Review on Microbiological and Physicochemical
Indicators of Water Quality. Academ
Arena 2016;8(5):43-55].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
5.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.05
Key words:
Water quality, microorganisms, bacteriological
monitoring, human faecal contamination |
Full Text |
5 |
|
6 |
Systematic Review on Microbiological and Physicochemical
Indicators of Water Quality
Ruhuoma Wosu Kinika1, Chisom Ejileugha1,
Asiton-a Asifamabia Dick 2
1Department
of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port
Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State,
Nigeria
2Department
of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science and
Technology, Rivers State College of Arts and Science,
P.M.B. 5936, Rumuola, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
unipas013@gmail.com;
asitona@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Water is one of the most important natural resources,
and there are many conflicting demands upon it. Skillful
management of water bodies is required if they are to be
used for such diverse purposes as domestic and
industrial supply, crop irrigation, transport,
recreation sport, and commercial fisheries, power
generation and waste disposal. Water quality simply
refers to the overall characteristics of aquatic
environment. Once maximum acceptable concentrations of
selected variables in relation to water use have been
exceeded, or the aquatic habitat and biota have been
markedly modified, the water quality is usually defined
as polluted. Water that is free of disease-producing
microorganisms and chemical substances deleterious to
health is called potable water. Water contaminated with
either domestic or industrial wastes is called
non-potable or polluted water. The assessment of
portability generally is based on knowledge of sanitary
condition of the supply as determined by bacteriological
monitoring. Water quality monitoring is based on the
detection of coliform and the specific indicator of
human faecal contamination, Escherichia coli.
Description of the quality of the aquatic environment
can be carried out in a variety of ways. It can be
achieved either through quantitative measurement (in the
water, particulate material or biological tissues) and
biochemical/biological or through semi-qualitative
descriptions such as biotic indices, visual aspects,
species inventories, odour and others.
[R. Wosu
Kinika,
C. Ejileugha and A. A. Dick.
Systematic Review on Microbiological and Physicochemical
Indicators of Water Quality. Academ
Arena 2016;8(5):56-68].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN 2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
6.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.06
Key words:
Water quality, microorganisms, bacteriological
monitoring, human faecal contamination |
Full Text |
6 |
|
7 |
Theory of Consciousness
Edouard Asseo
Telecommunications
Engineer, Ph.D. in Philosophy Epistemology (France)
bvm@scsiscs.org
Abstract:
The
Theory of Consciousness has been published and presented
in several conferences. Its originality is to call into
question the Postulate of Objectivity on which
today-science relies, to define consciousness as
knowledge of knowledge and to formulate knowledge (or
awareness) as a mathematical function. The purpose of
this document is to present the following first steps of
the Theory: (1) Definition of the feeling of
consciousness. (2) Formulation of the Postulate of
objectivity. (3) Introduction to the knowledge function.
(4) Introduction to the Fundamental Relations. (5) The
Principle of the Theory of Consciousness: the Theory
must be global. (6) Explaining how the knowledge
function complying to the Fundamental Relations
satisfies our definition of the feeling of
consciousness. (7) The Theory of Consciousness as a new
paradigm in Physics. We will then give a quick
explanation of the overall architecture of the Theory
presented here below.
[Edouard
Asseo.
Theory of
Consciousness.
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):69-77].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
7.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.07
Keywords:
Theory; Consciousness; conference; Postulate;
Objectivity; science; knowledge; formulate; awareness;
mathematical function |
Full Text |
7 |
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8 |
Automorphic Functions
And Fermat’s Last Theorem (1)
Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄)
Institute for Basic
Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA
And: P. O. Box 3924,
Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)
jiangchunxuan@sohu.com,
cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn,
jcxuan@sina.com,
Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com,
jcxxxx@163.com
Abstract:
In 1637 Fermat wrote: “It is impossible to separate a
cube into two cubes, or a biquadrate into two
biquadrates, or in general any power higher than the
second into powers of like degree: I have discovered a
truly marvelous proof, which this margin is too small to
contain.” This means:  has
no integer solutions, all different from 0(i.e., it has
only the trivial solution, where one of the integers is
equal to 0). It has been called Fermat’s last theorem
(FLT). It suffices to prove FLT for exponent 4. and
every prime exponent  .
Fermat
proved FLT for exponent 4. Euler proved FLT for exponent
3. In this paper
using automorphic functions we prove FLT for exponents  and ,
where is
an odd prime. The proof of FLT must be direct. But
indirect proof of FLT is disbelieving.
[Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄).
Automorphic
Functions And Fermat’s Last Theorem (1).
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):78-84].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
8.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.08
Keywords:
Automorphic Function; Fermat’s Last Theorem; Jiang
Chunxuan; number |
Full Text |
8 |
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9 |
Automorphic Functions
And Fermat’s Last Theorem（3）
(Fermat’s Proof
of FLT)
Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄)
Institute for Basic
Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA
And: P. O. Box 3924,
Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)
jiangchunxuan@sohu.com,
cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn,
jcxuan@sina.com,
Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com,
jcxxxx@163.com
Abstract:
In 1637 Fermat wrote: “It
is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a
biquadrate into two biquadrates, or in general any power
higher than the second into powers of like degree: I
have discovered a truly marvelous proof, which this
margin is too small to contain.” This means: has
no integer solutions, all different from 0(i.e., it has
only the trivial solution, where one of the integers is
equal to 0). It has been called Fermat’s last theorem
(FLT). It suffices to prove FLT for exponent 4 and every
prime exponent  .
Fermat
proved FLT for exponent 4. Euler proved FLT for exponent
3. In this paper
using automorphic functions we prove FLT for exponents  and ,
where is
an odd prime. We rediscover the Fermat proof. The proof
of FLT must be direct. But indirect proof of FLT is
disbelieving.
[Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄).
Automorphic
Functions And Fermat’s Last Theorem（3）
(Fermat’s Proof
of FLT).
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):85-92].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
9.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.09
Keywords:
Automorphic Function; Fermat’s Last Theorem; Jiang
Chunxuan; number |
Full Text |
9 |
|
10 |
New Gravitational
Formula: 
Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄)
Institute for Basic
Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA
And: P. O. Box 3924,
Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)
jiangchunxuan@sohu.com,
cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn,
jcxuan@sina.com,
Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com,
jcxxxx@163.com
Abstract:
Using two methods we deduce the new gravitational
formula. Tardyonic rotating motion produces the
centrifugal force ,but tachyonic rotating motion
produces the centripetal force, that is gravity（引力不是暗物质产生的，1976年我们推出新引力公式，就否定暗物质存在）。
Using it we establish the expansion theory of the
universe and suggest the new universe model. We prove
that in the universe there are no dark matter and no
dark energy. New gravitational formula changes all that.
Multiverse, inflation and primordial gravitational waves
do not exist.
[Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄).
New Gravitational Formula:  .
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):93-100].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
10.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.10
Keywords:
new gravitational formula, expansion theory of universe,
new universe model |
Full Text |
10 |
|
11 |
引力是什么？
Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄)
Institute for Basic
Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA
And: P. O. Box 3924,
Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)
jiangchunxuan@sohu.com,
cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn,
jcxuan@sina.com,
Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com,
jcxxxx@163.com
摘要:
在旋转运动时，亚光速粒子（慢子）产生离心力，而超光速粒子（快子）产生向心力，即引力。
[Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄).
What is
Gravity?
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):101-106].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
11.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.11
Keywords:
旋转运动;
亚光速粒子(慢子);
离心力;
超光速粒子（快子）;
向心力;
引力
What is Gravity?
Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄)
Institute for Basic
Research, Palm Harbor, FL34682-1577, USA
And: P. O. Box 3924,
Beijing 100854, China (蒋春暄，北京3924信箱，100854)
jiangchunxuan@sohu.com,
cxjiang@mail.bcf.net.cn,
jcxuan@sina.com,
Jiangchunxuan@vip.sohu.com,
jcxxxx@163.com
Abstract:
In
rotating motion subluminal particles (tardyons) produce
centrifugal force, superluminal particles (tachyons)
produce centripetal force, that is gravity.
[Jiang, Chun-Xuan (蒋春暄).
What is
Gravity?
Academ Arena 2016;8(5):101-106].
ISSN 1553-992X (print); ISSN
2158-771X (online).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
11.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj080516.11
Keywords:
rotating motion; subluminal particles (tardyons);
centrifugal force; superluminal particles (tachyons)
centripetal force; gravity |
Full Text |
11 |
The
articles in this issue are presented as online first for
peer-review starting from
May 12,
2016.
All
comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net
For
back issues of the Academia Arena, click here.
Emails:
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