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Genetic variability among sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions for relative growth and seedling traits

Zain Naseem¹, Syed Ahtisham Masood¹, Nazish Annum¹, Soviba Arshad¹, Muhammad Azeem ur Rehman Khalid¹, Rafia Anam¹ and Qurban Ali^{1, 2}

¹ Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

² Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan

*Corresponding author: s.ahtisham01@gmail.com

Abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop that can contribute a big share in enhancing Pakistan’s local edible oil production due to its short duration, more oil contents, better fitting in the cropping pattern, tolerance to drought and its high yield potential. Twenty sunflower accessions were used to estimate the genetic variability for relative growth rate, emergence and seedling traits. Seeds were sown in polythene bags following completely randomized design with three replications per genotype. Five seedlings of each accession per replication were uprooted and data were recorded on emergence percentage, emergence index, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dried root weight, dried shoot weight, root/ shoot ratio and relative growth rate. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and broad sense heritability. Highly significant differences among the genotype were found for root length, shoot length, dry root weight and dry shoot weight. Fresh root weight, fresh shoot weight, dry root weight and root/shoot ratio was significant. Highest heritability was recorded for seedling emergence percentage (0.97) for pooled data analysis while 0.94 for fresh shoot weight, 0.94 root/shoot ratio, 0.76 shoot length on first harvest, 0.89 for shoot length 0.61 for dry shoot weight on 2^nd harvest and 0.87 for shoot length on 3^rd harvest. The higher broad sense heritability suggested that the germplasm may be used for the development of hybrid sunflower. It was concluded form present study that the selection of drought resistant sunflower genotypes on the basis of shoot length may be helpful to improve grain and oil yield.

[Naseem Z, Masood SA, Annum N, Arshad S, Khalid MAR, Anam R Ali Q. Genetic variability among sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions for relative growth and seedling traits. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):1-5]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.01

Keywords: Helianthus annuus, oil seed, accessions, heritability, seedling traits

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宇宙不会发生收缩、膨胀和爆炸（论三十）

郭选年

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

联系电话：01186-138-7330-0270; 电子邮件：xuannian@126.com

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘要：宇宙是一无穷大的无边无际的空间，包含了所有的物质和天体。宇宙中的物质、物体的结团、扩散、惯性运动，并不是宇宙的收缩和膨胀，如发生星球、星系或星系团的部分爆炸，也不是宇宙爆炸，不能把物质、天体和包含它们的宇宙空间混为一谈。任何物质、物体、天体都有吸引力，其吸引力有有效距离、万有引力定律定义任何物体、天体都可以无穷远相互吸引，而忽略有可能发生相互排斥是错误的，必须进行修正。

[郭选年. 宇宙不会发生收缩、膨胀和爆炸（论三十）. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):6-8]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.02

关键词：空间和物质（体）、收缩与膨胀、引力和斥力、物质合成、爆炸分解。

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宇宙中存在大量的物质，并不存在大量的暗物质（论三十一）

郭选年

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

联系电话：01186-138-7330-0270; 电子邮件：xuannian@126.com

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘要：物质是真实存在的，具有质量或重量和体积，不发光的物质可用其它光源看到；微粒子和具有速度的射线，也可通过显微镜和精密仪器看到和捕捉到，物质不是虚无的精灵。天体物理学家用牛顿力学定律和万有引力定律计算宇宙中物质的总质量和能量，发现计算值与观测值差距较大，不是怀疑定律和计算公式有错误，抹煞宇宙中质量的可见量少，而是假设存在暗物质和暗能量，使天体物理学迷信化。

[郭选年. 宇宙中存在大量的物质，并不存在大量的暗物质（论三十一）. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):9-10]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.03

关键词：宇宙物质，物质是可见的，不存在暗物质，破除迷信，认识基础理论的错误。

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暗能量不是看不见、摸不着的精灵，而是不存在（论三十二）

郭选年

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

联系电话：01186-138-7330-0270; 电子邮件：xuannian@126.com

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘要：能长久运动的天体都是质量物体运动，质量物体不能做功，具有运动惯性。星系团中的星系离散运动，是质量天体惯性运动的表现，不是因为有暗能量而膨胀。用牛顿力学定律和万有引力定律计算出宇宙有74%的暗能量是不存在的，所谓的暗能量是天体惯性运动的体现。改变暗能量的定义，暗能量是真实存在的，潜伏在物质中，将会看得见，也摸得着，没有物质就没有能量。

[郭选年. 暗能量不是看不见、摸不着的精灵，而是不存在（论三十二）. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):11-12]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.04

关键词：没有暗能量，质量物体、天体不做功，可长久运动，物质是能量的母体。

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所谓的黑洞及其理论是对宇宙演化不理解的产物（论三十三）

郭选年

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

联系电话：01186-138-7330-0270; 电子邮件：xuannian@126.com

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘要：黑洞理论是子虚乌有的，是以暗物质和暗能量为基础，也有错误的牛顿力学定律和万有引力定律所误导的结果。还有爱因斯坦的广义相对论的能量公式、史瓦西公式、霍金辐射公式的推波助澜，并结合量子力学、热力学公式计算出有暗物质、暗能量，证明黑洞、白洞和奇点的存在。因为暗物质、暗能量、黑洞理论违背了物质、能量的循环和物质不灭定律，都是不成立的，那些推导出的所谓计算公式成了鬼画符图的符号，没有实际意义。

[郭选年. 所谓的黑洞及其理论是对宇宙演化不理解的产物（论三十三）. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):13-14]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.05

关键词：物质、能量是真实存在的，物理学基础理论，坚持唯物论，黑洞理论不成立。

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由“新视野号”了解冥王星，质疑天体运动和物理力学存在的问题

郭选年

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

联系电话：01186-138-7330-0270; 电子邮件：xuannian@126.com

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘  要：美国“新视野号”近距离观测了冥王星，获得的一些数据与遥测结果相似，证明人类对天体的遥测具有一定的精确度和可信性。郭选年根据“新视野号”所得数据质疑日心说、开普勒定律、牛顿力学定律和万有引力定律，进一步佐证了其提出的球型天体各自为阵做圆周运动的观点成立。

[郭选年. 由“新视野号”了解冥王星，质疑天体运动和物理力学存在的问题. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):15-17]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.06

关键词：新视野号、冥王星及卫星、小行星群、冥王星外存在行星和宇宙尘埃。

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科研要优先解决人类面临的实际问题（论三十四）

郭选年

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

联系电话：01186-138-7330-0270; 电子邮件：xuannian@126.com

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘要：科学技术既是为全人类服务的，也是立足于为当代人服务，即征服自然，改造环境，捍卫社会和平，促进生产力的发展和精神文明建设，使人类和谐相处并健康长寿。而不是脱离生产、生活和人民的需要，而异想天开、从事幻想和杞人忧天的工作。

[郭选年. 科研要优先解决人类面临的实际问题（论三十四）. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):18-20]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.07

关键词：脚踏实地，求真务实，国家和社会利益，人民健康幸福。

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JAYAM (J-AUM)!...(“RAMANUJAM MANDIR”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V. R. Hema Latha, M. A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: It is focused that ‘Darwin’ theory already established that “Human Ancestor” shares common ancestry with “Ape”. “Man” differs from “Manthi”?... This scientific research focus that Human shall be considered created by “RAMANUJAM MANTHIRAM” and lived in MARS PLANET in the early universe and descended to EARTH PLANET during “Dark age” in the expanding universe.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V. R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. JAYAM (J-AUM)!...(“RAMANUJAM MANDIR”). Academ Arena 2015;7(8):21-23]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.08

Keywords: Darwin; theory; Human Ancestor; ancestry; Ape; Man; RAMANUJAM MANTHIRAM

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Effect of accounting Resources value on amount per share

Hamid Reza Ranjbar Jamalabadi¹ (corresponding author)

¹Department of Accounting, Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

²Department of accounting, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: Discretionary and non-discretionary components of accruals information, including information that has been extracted from the financial statements and this information along with the stock prices of the major factors for achieving the goal analysis followed by investors. In this study, by using systematic elimination, the required data of 146 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2007 to 2012 were reviewed. Also were used the modified Jones model to the calculation discretionary and non-discretionary accruals. The results of hypothesis testing on the combined data showed that there is significant and direct relationship between the proportion of non-discretionary accruals and stock prices. In addition, the results of hypothesis testing on the combined data showed no significant relationship between the proportion of discretionary accruals and stock prices.

[Hamid Reza, Ranjbar Jamalabadi. Effect of accounting Resources value on amount per share. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):24-28]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.09

Keywords: accounting Resources, non-discretionary accruals, amount per share

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花落钱山漾文化初探----话说浙江学者慎微之与钟毓龙

慎微儒

Recommended: Zhang Dongsheng, zds@outlook.com; 王德奎, y-tx@163.com

摘要：世界丝绸之源花落钱山漾，说明我国“一带一路”战略有深厚古远的历史文化底蕴及其扎实产业技术基础等优势，这也正是人类历史文化起源考古求真生命力意义之所在；反过来也说明这种古远历史文化底蕴凝聚起来的人类智慧，来自于有创新的技术、创新的产品，同时也有创新的思想、创新的方法才做得到。

[慎微儒. 花落钱山漾文化初探----话说浙江学者慎微之与钟毓龙. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):29-34]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.10

关键词：丝绸之源; 钱山漾; 盆塞海; 溃坝; 慎微之; 钟毓龙

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评王传超分子人类学中国人三分法 ---- 迈向远古联合国

金识 多嘠贡

Recommended: 王德奎 y-tx@163.com

摘要：远古联合国起源于第二个孵抱期有一个统一的基因样本吗？虽然在这第二个孵抱期是游团、部落、酋邦组织形态都有的集成体，类似今天的联合国的民族组成，但前者的地域毕竟只是古巴蜀盆塞海四周及其扩散地区，即使在这四方都有如王传超博士的中国人有三个超级祖先的争论，然而起底王传超分子人类学真实观，也能给我们提供远古联合国起源于第二个孵抱期的DNA基因考量。

[金识 多嘠贡. 评王传超分子人类学中国人三分法----迈向远古联合国. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):35-52]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 11. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.11

关键词：分子考古学、盆塞海文明、远古联合国、卡-丘空间

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宇宙的奇点

丘乔羽 博士

qiaoyuqiu@gmail.com

摘要：宇宙学家已经开发了许多理论来探索宇宙的起源。这些理论主要有三个分支，即： 科学宇宙学，哲学宇宙学和神学。虽然所有的这些现存的理论已经非常接近答案了，但是每一种理论都有其自身的不足之处。科学宇宙学无法解释----为什么在宇宙的奇点，物理学中所有的已知定律都会失效。哲学宇宙学困惑于----宇宙的创造者不可能是宇宙本身。神学面临同样的困境----上帝如果存在于宇宙中的话，那么他（或她）会成为宇宙的一部分甚至是整个宇宙，就会出现了自己成为自己的制造者的矛盾。综合考虑所有这些现存的理论中的优缺点，我在此略去物理学中所有的已知定律，利用纯数学函数计算来解决这个问题。我的计算结果表明：存在一个宇宙的奇点。有趣的是，该奇点是“负宇宙”！！！这一结果可能就是“宇宙的第一推动力”了。

[丘乔羽. 宇宙的奇点. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):53-57]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 12. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.12

Keywords: 宇宙; 起源; 科学; 哲学; 神学

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深切悼念刘月生先生

王德奎

y-tx@163.com

摘要：刘月生先生（笔名刘粤生），我国杰出的信息自然哲学家，1938年生于广州市，安徽枞阳人，新疆医科大学人文社科部教授，1966年新疆大学毕业。主要研究方向：信息增殖进化论、生态文明、类比逻辑。主要著作：《自然论纲》、《生态文明观与中国可持续发展走向》，《信息革命在中国》、《生态文明观与全球资源共享》，《信息范型与观控相对界》等。学习刘月生老师的结构信息和交换信息两个概念分类，使我认识到：交换信息类似结构信息的降维结构全息图，虚拟程序和实体属性两者都能无限可分，但两者量子纠缠因存在观控相对界又是有限的。物质和信息的本质是什么？从观控相对界看，物质是相对信息而言，类似复数偏重实数的一种现象；信息是相对物质而言，类似复数偏重虚数的一种现象。物质不能直接进入大脑变成为意识，人们认识物质常常要通过大脑的意识起作用。把大脑比作一个点，那么物质进入点内，信息即是进入点内的编码。三旋理论认为，虚数也联系点内空间，所以信息范型类似虚数论，它的观控来源于物质和信息相对观控界面是有眼孔的。

[王德奎. 深切悼念刘月生先生. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):58-61]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 13. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.13

关键词：刘月生;信息; 自然哲学; 信息增殖进化论; 生态文明

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CONSCIENCE differs from “SCIENCE” (“RAMANUJAM  CONSCIENCE”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: In everyday human life so many “QUESTIONS” are being asked. No question shall mean no life… Some questions can be answered and some questions can’t be answered Why I was born?... Why I am black?... Why earth quake occurs?... Why I hide revenue income?... Why I deposit in Swiss bank?.... In parliament session also so many questions are being asked during “zero hour”. Questioning is easier than answering?... In High school educational system students are scoring 100% marks aiming for medicine to serve the society. But in real “Life system” doctors do not want to serve Indian rural poor but want to serve other nations like USA, AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, etc. “CONSCIENCE” (Contra + Science) differs from “SCIENCE”?... If so…

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. CONSCIENCE differs from “SCIENCE” (“RAMANUJAM CONSCIENCE”). Academ Arena 2015;7(8):62-67]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 14. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.14

Keywords: CONSCIENCE; SCIENCE

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WINE IS DIVINE TONIC?...(RAMANUJAM “MADHU”)

M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil.

Abstract: Alcohol is a general term denoting of organic chemicals with common properties and members of family includes ethanol, methanol, isopropanol and others. Case study shows that increased alcoholic deaths occurs globally and alcoholic death as per 2001 statistics in US is 75,754. In UK 3.6% of total cancer cases caused by alcoholic drink. WINE DIFFERS FROM ALCOHOL?...

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. WINE IS DIVINE TONIC?...(RAMANUJAM “MADHU”). Academ Arena 2015;7(8):68-74]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 15. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.15

Keywords: Alcohol; organic; chemical; ethanol; methanol; isopropanol; drink

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Comparative nutritional and Anti-nutritional analysis of Ocimum grattissimum and Ocimum basilicum

^*Shuaib, O. R., ¹Adeniran, O.I., ²Musah, M., ²Yerima, H., ²Sani, H. and ²Amusat, K.

^*2Department of Chemistry, Niger State College of Education, Minna, Nigeria.

¹Department of Chemistry, University Of Abuja, Nigeria.

raufats@gmail.com

Abstract: Ocimum grattissimum(OG) and Ocimum basilicum(OB) are medicinal plants reputed for extraordinary therapeutic effectiveness. Both plants were analyzed for their nutritional and anti-nutritional factors, proximate composition, mineral elements and phytochemicals components using standard procedures. The result revealed the presence of phytochemicals with both preventive and curative importance in the two samples. It also indicated high concentrations of potassium, (462mg/100g) and (483mg/100g); calcium, (540mg/100g) and (460mg/100g); moderate amount of sodium, (149mg/100g) and (159mg/100g); appreciable concentrations of phosphorus, (26.9mg/100g) and (35.9mg/100g); and iron(11.4mg/100g) and (10.5mg/100g) for (OG) and (OB) respectively. The ash content, crude fiber and moisture content for (OG) and (OB) are (12.18%±0.00%), (14.96%±0.00%) and (6.93%±0.00%); and (15.73%±0.00%), (11.31%±0.00%) and (5.72%±0.00%) respectively. Higher lipid and carbohydrate content in the leaves (16.25% ± 0.01) and (20.8%± 0.01%); and (22.7%± 0.00) and (14.50% ± 0.00) give a corresponding increase in the energy value (287.3 ± 0.06 kcal/100g) and (281.5 ± 0_.02 kcal/100g) for scent leaf and curry leaf respectively. The study also revealed that (OB) has higher concentration of crude protein (30.00% ± 0.00) compared to (OG) (28.88% ± 0.01) which is same for their ash and carbohydrate contents. This result shows that the vegetables are rich sources of nutrients and minerals essential for human growth and development.

[Shuaib, O. R., Adeniran, O.I., Musah, M., Yerima, H., Sani, H. and Amusat, K. Comparative nutritional and Anti-nutritional analysis of Ocimum grattissimum and Ocimum basilicum. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):75-79]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 16. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.16

Keywords: Ocimum grattissimum, Ocimum basilicum, nutritional, anti-nutritional, proximate, phytochemicals

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Marketing Expenditure and Financial Crises Effect

Fatemeh Dehghan Manshadi (corresponding author)

Department of  Public Administration, Yazd science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.

Abstract: Irrespective of causes, this crisis are permeated through the whole world by foreign trade and financial market of USA. Due to their interaction and relationship with global market, economics are affected differently by this crisis i.e. in countries with internationally financial interaction, this crisis is precipitated directly and countries without any such interaction are affected indirectly due to their foreign trade. One of risk and management dimensions is financial crisis in small and large companies. Management of marketing expenditure is very significant in this case. This study examines impact of marketing costs upon performance of 25 companies in Iran in period of economic stability, during financial crisis, and after financial crisis from 2002 to 2012. The result of this study using dynamic panel data model showed softened impact of marketing expenditure upon net sales in financial crisis period as compared with period of economic stability.

[Fatemeh Dehghan Manshadi. Marketing Expenditure and Financial Crises Effect. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):80-85]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 17. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.17

Keywords: Marketing expenditure, financial crisis, net sale.

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Episode-30

BURNING EFFIGY?...

(Philosophy of “EFFIGY”) (A new thesis)

M. Arul Mani

Superintending Engineer (E), BSNL Electrical Circle, Ground Floor, Telephone Exchange, East Maasi Street, Madurai – 625001, Tamilnadu, India

m.arulmani58@gmail.com, https://tamilresearchjourney.blogspot.com, +919486100678

Abstract: Burning Effigy shall mean creation?... “J” (Zero hour radiation) shall mean creator of Effigy?... Yes… Yes… Yes… “J” shall mean creator of Effigy rather than destroying Effigy… This scientific research focus that “Effigy” shall mean created person by “J” (J-Radiation) and hence effigy shall be considered as Holy person, Saint (Devas) rather than demon, Evil person, Satan.

[M. Arul Mani. Philosophy of “EFFIGY”. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):86-89]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 18. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.18

Keywords: Burning Effigy; creation; Effigy; Satan

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Episode-31

(CREATING “PEN”)

M. Arul Mani

Superintending Engineer (E), BSNL Electrical Circle, Ground Floor, Telephone Exchange, East Maasi Street, Madurai – 625001, Tamilnadu, India

m.arulmani58@gmail.com, https://tamilresearchjourney.blogspot.com, +919486100678

Abstract: This scientific research article on “PEN” and “PENN” is dedicated to Government of Tamilnadu headed by Dr. J. Jayalalithaa, Honorable Chief Minister for the effort taken to bring Tamilnadu not only as No.1 state of India but as No.1 of entire world. Further it is dedicated for the benefit of global level Tamil population and in memory of road name declared as Shri. Ramachandra Athithanar, an eminent journalist who served more than 50 years in bringing message to each and every corner of villiage of Tamilnadu for development of rural population for awareness and betterment of life.

[M. Arul Mani. CREATING “PEN”. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):90-92]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 19. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.19

Keywords: PEN; PENN; Government; Tamilnadu; life.

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Episode-32 (Philosophy of “PLEASURE”)

M. Arul Mani

Superintending Engineer (E), BSNL Electrical Circle, Ground Floor, Telephone Exchange, East Maasi Street, Madurai – 625001, Tamilnadu, India

m.arulmani58@gmail.com, https://tamilresearchjourney.blogspot.com, +919486100678

Abstract: This scientific research article on “PLEASURE” is dedicated to Government of Tamilnadu and placed before TAMILNADU STATE ASSEMBLY as a suggestion for evolving NEW WINE POLICY. (1) Total alcoholic prohibition may lead to illegal alcohol production and ultimately favors welfare of KING POLITICIANS. (2) All the TASMAC shops may be treated as RATION ARRACK SHOP which is meant for supply of predefined quota such as HALF, FULL against each ration card according to the strength of family. (3) All the TASMAC shops on the highways line, schools, spiritual places may be withdrawn. (4) All the working time of TASMAC shops may be at par with ration shops. (5) ELITE DRINKERS in bars of star hotels shall be charged with new tax say ARRACK TAX, which may be credited to Government of Tamilnadu for fetching revenue. (6) Illegal arrack producers shall be penalised with strict enforcement of law. (7) Police personnel in support of illegal arrack deal may be suspended immediately. Case study shows that there is a legal system uses a more scientific method for determining whether a person is drunk. Blood alcohol content (BAC) the percentage of alcohol in the blood as someone drinks. Necessary criteria of BAC shall be evolved for the person who are contesting IN FUTURE ELECTIONS. BAC level exceeding predefined value the candidate may be disqualified.

[M. Arul Mani. Philosophy of “PLEASURE”. Academ Arena 2015;7(8):93-95]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 20. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.20

Keywords: PLEASURE; Government; Tamilnadu; highway; line; schools; spiritual place

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Episode-34

(Philosophy of “SHIVAJI”) rpth[p fNzrd;?...

M. Arul Mani

Superintending Engineer (E), BSNL Electrical Circle, Ground Floor, Telephone Exchange, East Maasi Street, Madurai – 625001, Tamilnadu, India

m.arulmani58@gmail.com, https://tamilresearchjourney.blogspot.com, +919486100678

Abstract: This scientific research article on “SHIVAJI” is dedicated to Government of Tamil Nadu in memory of announcement of “MANIMANDAPAM” to “Shri Shivaji Ganesan” by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. J. Jayalalithaa. It is suggested that the manimandapam shall be more gracious through additional financial contribution from public, cinema actors association besides government basic budget provision. Thanks to Tamilnadu government for showing kindness in bringing the reputation of Shri. Sivaji Ganesan to the global level as a model to the future cinema industry. Shri. Sivaji Ganesan shall be considered as the “Soul of international Tamil community” rather than “Thevar community”.

[M. Arul Mani. Episode-34 (Philosophy of “SHIVAJI”) rpth[p fNzrd;? Academ Arena 2015;7(8):96-98]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 21. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.21

Keywords: SHIVAJI; Government; Tamil Nadu; MANIMANDAPAM; Shri Shivaji Ganesan

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Episode-35 (Philosophy of “TAMILAN”)

jkpod; ahh;?... (New Thesis)

M. Arul Mani

Superintending Engineer (E), BSNL Electrical Circle, Ground Floor, Telephone Exchange, East Maasi Street, Madurai – 625001, Tamilnadu, India

m.arulmani58@gmail.com, https://tamilresearchjourney.blogspot.com, +919486100678

Abstract: This Scientific Research Article “Philosophy of TAMILAN” is dedicated to Government of India headed by Honorable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi in memory of successful launching of GSLV-D6 by Indian space scientists. Congratulation.

[M. Arul Mani. jkpod; ahh;?... (New Thesis). Academ Arena 2015;7(8):99-101]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 22. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070815.22

Keywords: Philosophy; TAMILAN; Government; India

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