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Zero Is Greater Than “Infinity”?...

(A New theory on “Infinity”)

M.Arulmani, B.E; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.

Abstract: Infinity… Billions… Millions… Thousands… Hundreds… Ten… Nine… Eight… Seven… Six… Five… Four… Three… Two… One… “Zero”…

i)                               Zero is lower value than Infinity?...

ii)                             Minus Zero is greater than Plus Zero?...

iii)                            Minus Infinity is greater than plus Infinity?...

This scientific research focus that “INFINITY”, “ZERO” shall not be considered as digits or numbers but considered as having “ETERNAL”, “NATURAL” value which can’t be measured exactly empherically. The philosophy of Infinity, zero shall be distinguished as below: This research further aims to focus that in the origin of universe and natural matters, “INFINITY” shall be considered as “ASSETS” and “ZERO” shall be considered as “DRIVING FORCE” of the universe for origin of matter.

[M.Arulmani, B.E; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil. Zero Is Greater Than “Infinity”?...(A New theory on “Infinity”). Academ Arena 2015;7(1):1-8]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.01

2.       Key Words:

a)                 Philosophy of INFINITY?...

b)                 Philosophy of ZERO?...

c)                 Philosophy of DIGIT?...

d)                 Philosophy of NUMERAL?...

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History And Evolution Of Banking In Nigeria

Olubisi Friday Oluduro*

Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Email: olubisi5delight@gmail.com. Phone: +32499829380

Abstract: Banking is an integral and core part of any economy, without which economic activities might be virtually impossible because of the strategic role of banks in not only safe-keeping of money and other vital documents of trade, but as facilitators of economic interests of sorts in the economy. However so important and strategic the roles of banks are in the economy of a nation, these have somewhat been far-fetched in developing countries, especially in Africa and most particularly, Nigeria the focus of this paper. Banking in Nigeria has started somewhat early enough, but has not grown vibrant enough to ginger the much desired growth and vibrancy of the Nigerian economy. The paper seeks to trace the evolution and genealogy of banking activities in Nigeria, its growth through different stages and through the years up until the present. The paper is thus divided n four parts starting with the introduction, to historical development, the evolution of banking in Nigeria, and the conclusion and recommendations.

[Olubisi Friday Oluduro. History And Evolution Of Banking In Nigeria. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):9-14]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.02

Keywords: Banking, historical development and evolution, reforms

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Effect of Remittances on Financial Sector Development in Nigeria

Olatomide Waheed Olowa and Omowumi Ayodele Olowa

Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Nigeria

owolowa@gmail.com

Abstract: Migrants’ remittances to developing countries have become the second largest type of flows after foreign direct investment. This paper uses data on remittance flows to Nigeria during 1977-2010 to study the link between remittances and financial sector development. In particular, we examine the association between remittances and the aggregate level of deposits and credit intermediated by the local banking sector by employing both the ordinary least square estimation (OLS) technique as well as the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The results generally indicate that remittances positively and significantly influence financial development in Nigeria, with the exception of the cps/gdp measure of FINDEV in the GMM estimation where the coefficient is insignificant. The implication of this is that remittances augment liquid liabilities more than loanable funds in Nigeria, as remittances are likely used more for consumption purposes than for productive ventures in the country.

[Olatomide Waheed Olowa and Omowumi Ayodele Olowa. Effect of Remittances on Financial Sector Development in Nigeria. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):15-23]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.03

Key words: remittances, financial development, financial institutions, Nigeria

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THE LAW OF SEX?...(A New theory on “GENDER”)

M.Arulmani, B.E.; V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.

1.       Abstract:

“SEX” shall mean Union of “MALE and FEMALE”?...

“SEXUAL ACT” shall mean process of “REPRODCTION”?...

“MASCULINE” shall mean “DOMINANT GENDER”?...

“FEMININE” shall mean “WEAKER GENDER”?...

This Scientific research article focus that “SEX” shall be considered as “Super natural Tree” supported with three-in-one Tape root (Base). The super natural tree consider “Produced” billions of fruits on origin. Each fruit has microbial varied genetic characteristics called “GENDER”.  The fruit shall also called as “Natural fruit” (or) “Divine fruit” (J-Fruit). The fruits of the Tree shall consider exists under Endothermic Environment. In the expanding universe the “SEED OF THE FRUIT” considers as the source of Earth planet matter having inbuilt “Gender’ characteristics (genetic value) and subsequently “REPRODUCED” various fruits in three nuclear age.  The philosophy of reproduction shall mean IMAGE of “ORIGINAL” or reproducing the original.

[M. Arulmani, B.E.; V. R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. THE LAW OF SEX?...(A New theory on “GENDER”). Academ Arena 2015;7(1):24-32]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.04

2.       Key Words:

a)                 Philosophy of “SEX”?...

b)                 Philosophy of “GENDER”?...

c)                 Philosophy of “SEXUAL ACT”?...

d)                 Human has “SPECIES”?...

e)                 Philosophy of “ORGASM”?...

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有关天体运动新观念的4篇文章

郭选年 (Guo Xuannian)

中国湖南省株洲市水务局

Water Conservancy Bureau, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China

Telephone: 01186-138-7330-0270; Email: xuanian@126.com

摘要：(1) 电子绕原子核旋转（电流）产生磁场，导体切割磁场的磁力线会产生电流，两者可以转换。天（物）体的吸引力就是磁场力的表现形式，能使表面的物体保持相对静止。天体的引力范围内的空中物体它会受吸引力的作用以固定的方向落到天体的表面上，与天体保持相对静止。因此天体的吸引力有使表面物体保持相对静止，对表面物体产生吸引阻力使之定位的。郭选年发现了吸引阻力的存在，可证明日心说、万有引力定律不成立。 (2) 电子的永动打破了能量守恒定律，它可以围绕原子核旋转不息。原子不是稳定结构，受高温作用，有的电子可与原子核分离开成电子流，电子流可使天体产生力偶而自转。由陀螺旋转可知，非匀速旋转也非定点不变，而是位移做曲线运动；匀速自转的陀螺可以周而复始位移出圆形轨迹，而不需另外施加向心力。由此破解了天体运动之谜，而否定日心说。 (3) 全日制普通高级中学物理力学教科书混淆了物体质量和重量的概念，长期误导了学生。使他们不能认识万有引力定律违背了数学无穷递缩等比数列、极值为零的规律，卡文迪许实验装置没有科学依据，引力常量G是变量而不是常量。 (4) 牛顿混淆物体质量和重量的概念，不知天体运动和地球物体运动有着本质的不同，把两者进行综合和统一是错误的。牛顿三条经典定律只适用不发生碰撞的质量物体（天体）运动，不适用地球（天体）表面或引力范围内的物体运动，必须纠正其错误概念，才能正确运用牛顿三条定律。

[郭选年. 有关天体运动新观念的4篇文章. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):33-40]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.05

关键词：吸引阻力，相对静止的惯性，日心说和万有引力定律不成立。高温可使电子与原子核分离，电子流使天体产生力偶而自转，匀速自转天体位移圆周轨迹，天体各自为阵做圆周运动，不需另外施加向心力。质量是恒量、标量，重量是变量，天（物）体的吸引力具有有效距离、极值为零。引力常量G有弄虚作假之嫌。吸引阻力，重量物体只有静止的惯性和做曲线运动，质量物体有静止或运动惯性，并做直线运动。

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狭义相对论的时空观 - 四维时空问题

Li Xusheng

1922538071@qq.com

Abstract: 维数是刻画几何图形拓朴性质(拓朴是译音，原意是形势分析，形是指一个图形本身性质，势是指一个图形与其子图形相对的性质)的一种数，物体占有的空间，只与空间这一元(素)有关，物体占有的空间可以用几何图形来描述.通俗地说，它是确定整个图形中各点的位置所需要的坐标(或参数)的个数. 直线上的点由一个坐标确定，故直线的维数为１.平面上的点由两个坐标确定，故平面的维数为２.同理日常所指的空间，空间中的点由三个坐标确定，故空间的维数为３，物体占有的空间，是有限的三维空间.当整个图形为一点时，点的维数假设为０.在19世纪前，几何学仅从事三维或低于三维图形的研究.

[Li X. 狭义相对论的时空观 - 四维时空问题. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):41-54]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.06

Keywords: 物理学; 力学; 因果;分析;数学; 方法

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狭义相对论的验证

Li Xusheng

1922538071@qq.com

Abstract: 一部科学发展史就是实验（实践）—— 理论 —— 再实验 —— 再理论 —— 再实验（实践）的历史.北大的傅鹰老教授说，“实验是最高法庭”.重大自然科学理论的创建，都是由于旧理论不能解释新的实验（观察）事实，重新进行归纳，建立新模型而发展起来的.托勒密的地心说无法说明众多天文观察资料，为哥白尼扬弃，创建了地动说；牛顿力学由于不能解释微观世界诸多实验，推动了量子力学的建立.相对论“并不是起源于思辨；它的创立完全是要想使物理理论尽可能适应于观测到的事实.”“同空间、时间和运动有关的观念，决不能认为是随意的，而只能认为是由观测到的事实所决定的.” 【1】由于Einstein深信相对论在逻辑上的完整性，即相对沦的逻辑前提的“自然性”和“简单性”，因而他在提出相对论时，就对自己的理论满怀信心.

[Li X. 狭义相对论的验证. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):55-69]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 7. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.07

Keywords: 物理学; 力学; 因果;分析;数学; 方法

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时空平权理论 - 爱因斯坦的探索性科学假设在科学研究中的重要性

Li Xusheng

1922538071@qq.com

Abstract: 早在古希腊时代，著名的哲学家、形式逻辑的创始人亚里士多德就提出了归纳和演绎这两种逻辑方法，并认为演绎推理的价值高于归纳推理.而古希腊名声最大的数学家欧几里得，在《几何原本》中把几何学系统化了，这部流传千古的名著就是逻辑演绎法的典范. 牛顿在建立他的力学理论体系时虽然运用了归纳法，但其集大成著作《原理》的叙述方法却采用的是演绎法.

[Li X. 时空平权理论 - 爱因斯坦的探索性科学假设在科学研究中的重要性. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):70-80]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8. doi:

10.7537/marsaaj070115.08

Keywords: 物理学; 力学; 因果;分析;数学; 方法

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质能方程本质的再认识

Li Xusheng

1922538071@qq.com

Abstract: 拉格朗日和哈密顿的工作使力学彻底摆脱了对几何学的依赖，成为完全分析的形式，并且以能量取代力的概念体系为力学在物理学领域的广泛应用开辟了道路. 能量守恒定律指出：“自然界的一切物质都具有能量，能量既不能创造也不能消灭，而只能从一种形式转换成另一种形式，从一个物体传递到另一个物体，在能量转换和传递过程中能量的总量恒定不变”.

[Li X. 质能方程本质的再认识. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):81-89]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 9. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.09

Keywords: 物理学; 力学; 因果;分析;数学; 方法

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Universe

Ma Hongbao, Yang Yan

Brookdale University Hospital & Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA

ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The Universe is all and everything of the space-time existing physically. According to the current opinions of the people, the universe includes all matter, energy and time, etc. The Universe follows a set of physical laws and physical constants. All matter is composed of three generations of leptons and quarks. These elementary particles interact via 3 fundamental interactions: the electroweak interaction which includes electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force; the strong nuclear force following the quantum chromodynamics and gravity that can be described by general relativity. The first two interactions can be described by renormalized quantum field theory, and are mediated by gauge bosons that correspond to a particular type of gauge symmetry. The estimated diameter of the observable Universe (observed by human) is about 93 billion light years or 28 billion parsecs.

[Ma H, Yang Y. Universe. Academ Arena 2015;7(1):90-95]. (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 10. doi:10.7537/marsaaj070115.10

Key words: universe; space-time; physics; people; life; matter; energy; quark; nuclear; force

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