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Academia Arena
学术争鸣
Volume 5 - Number 2
(Cumulated No. 44), February 25, 2013, ISSN 1553-992X
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CONTENTS
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1
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Role of
Convex Optimization with Nonlinear Programming: Problem Review
Ritu
Sharma , Dr. Mayank Pawar, Dr. Sanjeev Rajan
1Research
Scholar, Hindu College, Moradabad
2Teerthanker
Mahaveer University, Moradabad
3Hindu College, Moradabad
Abstract: In
this paper we study the convex optimization problem with
non linear programming. In this is a problem where all of the
constraints are convex functions and the objective is a convex
function if minimizing, or a concave function if maximizing.
[Ritu Sharma, Mayank
Pawar, Sanjeev Rajan. Role of Convex Optimization with Nonlinear
Programming: Problem Review. Academia Arena 2013;5(2):1-2] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
1. doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.01
Keywords:
convex optimization, Concave Optimization, non linear
programming, Convex function.
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阿基里斯与乌龟悖论难不住希格斯场
---非线性希格斯粒子数学讨论（11）
笪科伯
Recommended by王德奎,
y-tx@163.com
摘要：我们说阿基里斯与乌龟悖论难不住希格斯场，因为高端希格斯场物理方程也要求是可微或可导的，这类似进入希格斯场也要进入“点内”。于是我们又可以说，希格斯类似鲁滨逊走到了“芝诺坐标”的门口，他看到了“点内”空间。
[笪科伯阿基里斯与乌龟悖论难不住希格斯场. Academia
Arena 2013;5(2):3-11]
(ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
2. doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.02
关键词：芝诺悖论
实无穷
潜无穷
极限
芝诺坐标
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The Effect of Light and Dark Conditions on the Feed
Intake and Growth of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus,
Burchell, 1822)
Oboh
Angela, Nneji Lotanna
Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, P M B 117, Abuja,
Nigeria.
angelsoboh1@yahoo.com,
lotannanneji@gmail.com
Abstract:
The effect of the
presence or absence of light on the feed intake and growth
performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were
studied. Triplicate group of ten (10) fish with an initial mean
weight of 3.90g were randomly distributed into six
plastic tanks containing fifty (50) liters of water. They
were fed with a commercial feed for a period of seven weeks. The
result obtained showed that
feeding of Clarias gariepinus
fingerlings
either in dark or light conditions does not influence their
growth performance as there were
no significant differences (P=0.05) in the mean feed intake,
weight increase, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate
and survival rate of fish fed under dark conditions and fish
fed under light conditions.
[Oboh Angela, Nneji Lotanna. The
Effect of Light and Dark Conditions on the Feed Intake and
Growth of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus,
Burchell, 1822). Academ Arena 2013;5(2):12-15] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
3.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.03
Keywords:
light, dark, feed intake, feed utilization, growth performance,
feeding rate.
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Effects of Inorganic Nutrients on Survival of Eggs and
Larvae of Clarias gariepinus
Caroline
Nchedo Ariole, and Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili
Department
of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port
Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
cnariole@yahoo.com
Abstract:
The effects of
inorganic nutrients (nitrate, sulphate and phosphate) on
survival of eggs and larvae of Clarias gariepinus from
fertilization to complete yolk absorption were investigated.
Fertilized eggs were incubated at fourteen levels of nitrate
ranging from 0.02 – 700mg/L, sixteen levels of sulphate ranging
from 0-1000mg/L and ten levels of phosphate ranging from
0-500mg/L. The hatching rate was highest (73.24%) at nitrate
concentration of 70mg/L while larval survival was highest
(26.09%) at nitrate concentration of 150mg/L. The hatching
rates of the eggs exposed to 70-150mg/L were significantly
higher than those obtained from other nitrate concentrations
including dilution water (0.02mg/L NO3--N).
The larvae exposed to nitrate concentrations other than this
range (70-150mg/L) died before the end of yolk sac period.
Hatching rate was highest 80-81% at sulphate concentrations of
100-120mg/L while larval survival was highest (63.33%) at
sulphate concentrations of 100mg/L. The sulphate concentrations
other than 50-130mg/L had zero percent survival. Phosphate
concentrations up to 80mg/L had no effect on incubation time.
Abnormalities in hatchlings were observed beyond 20mg/L and
increased with increase in phosphate concentration. No eggs
hatched at 500mg/L and the highest larval survival of 52.17%
was obtained at 20mg/L phosphate. These data suggest that
maximum normal hatching and larval survival of Clarias
gariepinus may be anticipated if the concentration of
nitrate is within the range of 70-150mg/L and sulphate is about
100mg/L. A phosphate concentration within 5-20mg/L is
recommended for optimal normal hatching and high viability of Clarias
gariepinus eggs.
[Ariole
CN and Okpokwasili GC. Effects of Inorganic Nutrients on
Survival of Eggs and Larvae of Clarias gariepinus. Academ Arena 2013;5(2):16-25] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.04
Keywords: fish eggs;
incubation; rearing; water quality; yolk sac larvae.
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djustment Problem Of Male And Female Students At Plus
Two Level
Dr.
Amina Parveen and Ms Aasia Maqbool
Sr. Assistant Professor, Department of Education,
University of Kashmir, J&K (India)
Assistant Professor, Department of Education,
University of Kashmir, J&K (India)
E-mail:
shahrufeedah@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The present study
was conducted to assess the adjustment problem of male and
female adolescent student at plus two level, the random
technique was used to select the sample from various
educational higher secondary institutions Kashmir. The total
number of adolescent was 400 out of which 200 were boys and 200
were girls. The D.N. Srivastava and Govind Tiwari adjustment
inventory was used for the collection of data.
Statistical method –mean, S.D, t test was applied to analyze
the data. The result revealed that there is no significant
difference between male and female adolescents on different
dimensions of adjustment.
[Amina Parveen and Ms Aasia Maqbool.
Adjustment Problem Of Male And Female Students At Plus Two
Level. Arena 2013;5(2):26-28] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
5.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.05
Key words:
adjustment problems, male adolescents, female adolescents.
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Modernization of Male & Female
Higher Secondary School Students - A Comparative Study
Dr.
Najmah Peerzada
Assistant
Professor faculty of Education, University of Kashmir (J&K)
India
E-mail:
showkat80ahmad@gmail.com
Abstract:
Modernization is
understood as a process which indicates the adoption of modern
ways of life and values. It is a process which changed the
society from primarily agricultural to industrial economy. It
is an attempt on the part of people particularly those who are
custom - bound, to adopt themselves to the present time
conditions, styles and ways in general. It indicates a change
in people’s preferences, ideas, values, speaking styles etc.
The present study examined the modernization of male and female
higher secondary school students. The sample of the study
consisted 60 higher secondary school students i.e. 30 male and
30 female students. Modernization of students was measured
using R.S Singh’s Modernization Scale (RSSMS). Results
indicated that male higher secondary school students have
significantly higher mean scores in terms of modernization.
Males have more freedom in marriage, politics and
employment than females.
[Najmah Peerzada. Modernization of
Male & Female Higher Secondary School Students - A
Comparative Study. Academ
Arena 2013;5(2):29-33]
(ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
6.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.06
Keywords:
Socio religious,
Marriage, Position of woman, Education.
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Adjustment
of Science and Social Science Higher Secondary School Teachers
- A Comparative Study
Dr. Najmah
Peerzada
Assistant Professor faculty of
Education, University of Kashmir (J&K) India
E-mail:
showkat80ahmad@gmail.com
Abstract:
Adjustment
implies the process by which a person changes his behavior to
achieve a harmonious relationship between himself and his
environment. The adjustment of the teacher in his/her
profession involves not only a continuous effort to understand children
better, but also constant self appraisal, in which the teacher
carefully scrutinizes method of increasing his own learning. A
teacher who matures professionally is not only better able to
diagnose and meet his own needs, but also sets a worthwhile
example of growth and learning for the students with whom he
works. The present study has been designed in order to compare
the adjustment of science and social science higher secondary
school teachers. Sample includes 100 higher secondary
school teachers i.e. 50 science and 50 social science teachers.
For obtaining the data Bell’s Adjustment Inventory was used.
The findings of the study showed that the social science
teachers have more adjustment problems than science teachers.
[Najmah Peerzada. Adjustment of
Science and Social Science Higher Secondary School Teachers - A
Comparative Study. Academ
Arena 2013;5(2):34-38]
(ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
7.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.07
Key words:
Home adjustment, health
adjustment, social adjustment, emotional adjustment,
occupational adjustment.
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The
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Remuneration in
Pakistan: Higher Education Institutes Perspectives
Tahira
Nazir1,, Syed Fida Hussain Shah 2,
Khalid Zaman2
1.
PhD Scholar, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.
2.
Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS Institute of
Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
khalidzaman@ciit.net.pk
Abstract: Empirical
research has identified the various factors which affect the
employees regarding their job satisfaction from the intrinsic
and extrinsic aspects but limited work is done on the knowledge
workers in this regard in the developing countries like
Pakistan. A university teacher imparts training at the highest
level in knowledge category however, factors influencing
his/her satisfaction levels are not little known. An attempt
has been made to relate the impact of job satisfaction with
regard to benefits and salary of a university faculty member of
Pakistan based on higher education universities. The result
shows that there is a positive relationship exists between job
satisfaction and pay of knowledge workers. This research is an
attempt to undertake and analyze all those important aspects
that improve the satisfaction level of teachers in the
universities and promote learning culture. Pay is one of the
most important and basic determinant of the job satisfaction of
university teachers in Pakistan.
[Nair T, Shah SFH, Zaman K. The
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Remuneration in
Pakistan: Higher Education Institutes Perspectives. Academ Arena 2013;5(2):39-42] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 8.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.08
Key words: Job
Satisfaction; Compensations; Pay Performance; Rewards; Working
Environment; Organizational HR Practices; Pakistan.
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Brief review on socioeconomic impacts
and control challenges of Human African and Animal
Trypanosomiasis in South Sudan
Yatta S. LUKAW
University
of Juba, P.O. Box 82, Juba
Yatta
Samuel Lukou: yattalukaw2002@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Human and animal African trypanosomiasis had been reported in
South Sudan since 1909. Socio-economic impacts and control
challenges of human and animal African trypanosomiasis in
South Sudan were reviewed to elucidate episode of HAT and AAT
impeding production and productivity. Foci of both tsetse
transmitted diseases are still active in South Sudan. This is
due to epidemic outbreaks from active foci in neighboring
countries as a result of widespread distribution of the vectors
and political upheavals, social instability and civil
disturbance. Sleeping sickness caused the local population
living in the sleeping sickness-endemic areas to lose their cattle;
contributed to poverty in those foci. The infected individuals
are mentally hampered. Challenges to control programmes leading
to inadequate knowledge of the disease symptoms and signs,
transmission dynamic and treatment at the individual level; massive
population movements; lack of funds by stakeholders, role
players and partners in controlling the disease. The risk of
infection is increased by agricultural developments
which increased human-fly contact. Regular active
surveillance including active case detection and treatment is
the backbone for the strategy of sleeping sickness control.
[Yatta
S. LUKAW. Brief review on socioeconomic impacts and control
challenges of Human African and Animal Trypanosomiasis in
South Sudan. Academ Arena 2013;5(2):43-47] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
9.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.09
Keywords:
South Sudan; Socio-economic impacts; control challenges; Human
and Animal African Trypanosomiasis.
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An Invastigation on Auditing History
*
Ola Mohammad Reza, ** Kazemzadeh Fariba
*
Department of Accounting, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Mashhad, Iran
**
Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran
fariba_kazemzadeh@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Audit
history have including topics that its place in
accounting had very limited and had deficit attention or
neglecting. Even in this era , especially in recent
decades that significant progress in all aspects of audited
occurred it is also clearly visible . so far shouts
comprehensive is not available about details emerging thoughts
on various subjects and describe the technical aspects of this
view. This article is investigated the part
of the history of this science, that intertwined with the
history of human civilization.
[Moradi
Mahdi, Kazemzadeh Fariba. An Invastigation on Auditing
History. Academ Arena 2013;5(2):48-50] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
10.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.10
Keywords:
Audit history;
accounting; deficit attention; science, human civilization.
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* Ola
Mohammad Reza, ** Kazemzadeh Fariba
*
Department of Accounting, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Mashhad, Iran
**
Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran
fariba_kazemzadeh@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
Electronic
commerce usually called e-commerce is really shopping for and
commerce of product and services (Wikipedia, 2008) like on-line
stock and bond transactions, the downloading and commerce of
“soft merchandise” (software, documents, graphics, music,
etc.), business-to-business transactions and different styles
of looking over the web or different electronic networks. this
text covers the present e-commerce standing in Persia, its
benefits and drawbacks and ments in Persia’s banking industry
needed to expand e-commerce in Iran. It conjointly covers the
mental efforts that has to be done to assist e-commerce prosper
in Iran.
[Ola
Mohammad Reza, Kazemzadeh Fariba. A mini review on
electronic commerce in IRAN.
Academ Arena
2013;5(2):51-55] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
11.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.11
Key Words: Electronic
commerce, Iran.
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Site selection of relief and rescue bases by GIS (case
study: Shirvan city)
Motamedi
Mohammad and Bahoosh Zari
Department
of Geography, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan,
Iran
Abstract:
Death, injury,
famines and ….are natural disaster typically which occur in
short time and we see this unexpected events. The rescuers are
ready for reusing the people that need help. It is necessary
for urban planners to select best sites for relief and rescue
bases. The research method is descript ire- analytic the main
aim is site selection for the bases based on scientific index’s
,the software which is used for analyzing is Arc GIS AS a
result it was prepared a map based on Bolinas logic. The map
shows the best sites for establishing the bases.
[Motamedi
M, Bahoosh Z. Site selection of relief and rescue bases by
GIS (case study: Shirvan city). Academ Arena 2013;5(2):56-60] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
12.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.12
Key words: rescue and
relief rescue bases, site selection, GIS, Shirvan city.
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用作者的新黑洞理论推导出精密结构常数1/α = Fn/Fe = hC/(2pe2)，Ln和1/α的物理意义
张
洞
生
zhangds12@hotmail.com;
zds@outlook.com
【内容摘要】。通过将1个氢原子作为模型和对比，可求出氢原子上正电子对壳上负电子的电磁力Fe与原子核质量与壳上电子质量的引力Fg之比，即Fe/Fg
= Ln =2.27´1039 =
狄拉克大数，这是因为静电力和引力都同时作用在电子和原子核上。迄今为止，物理学家尚未找到核力Fn的准确公式和数值。作者用类似的方法，取某一个特殊的微黑洞Mbo
= 0.71´1014g作为模型，其内部核子（夸克）之间的作用力Fn与一对正负电子分别在其球面与中心的电磁力Fe之比，即可用Fn/Fe的对比和推论出结果
，得到Fn/Fe = 1/α
= 137.036 =
精密结构常数，因为正负电力和夸克的核力都作用在该黑洞内同样的夸克上。下面是费曼论精细结构常数（Fine-structure
constant)
的一段话。
---- Richard Feynman：
It has been a mystery ever since it was discovered more than
fifty years ago, and all good theoretical physicists put this
number up on their wall and worry about it... It's one of the
greatest damn mysteries of physics: a magic number that comes
to us with no understanding by man. You might say the
"hand of God" wrote that number, and
“we
don't know how He pushed his pencil.”
用作者的新黑洞理论推导出精密结构常数1/α = Fn/Fe = hC/(2pe2)，Ln和1/α的物理意义. Academ [张洞生.
Arena 2013;5(2):61-63] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
13.
doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.13
【关键词】。精密结构常数Fn/Fe
=1/α = hC/(2pe2) =
137.036；精密结构常数1/α的物理意义；狄拉克大数,
Fe/Fg = Ln =1039；宇宙微黑洞Mbo
= 0.71´1014g；
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统一基本粒子系和原子系弦学之桥
---现代实用量子弦学发轫（1）
叶眺新
Recommended by王德奎,
y-tx@163.com
摘要：对于氢原子谱线的波长数据，我们用从原子系量子数轨道圆弦图和正切基角θ＝45°出发的数据处理方法，合乎逻辑地导出了2013年的巴尔末公式。这种肯定，能否扩容到基本粒子系，即有物质族数目的类似“巴尔末公式”的新量子数质量谱公式吗？我们已经整整奋斗和等待了半个世纪。
[叶眺新.
统一基本粒子系和原子系弦学之桥---现代实用量子弦学发轫（1）Academ Arena 2013;5(2):64-77] (ISSN 1553-992X).
http://www.sciencepub.net/academia.
14. doi:10.7537/marsaaj050213.14
关键词：巴尔末公式
光谱
超弦
量子数质量
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The articles in this issue
are presented as online first for peer-review starting from
1/22/2013.
All comments are welcome: editor@sciencepub.net
For back issues of the Academia Arena, click here.
Emails: editor@sciencepub.net;
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Website: http://www.sciencepub.net/academia
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