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从咖啡环效应到拓扑绝缘体---非线性希格斯粒子数学讨论（6）

习强

摘要：中国科学理论体系能将原子论到超弦论这样轻松自如地统一运用，是因为从咖啡环到拓扑量子我国已经解决了什么是“拓扑量子”，并且给出了图像，能为光子、引力子、碲化汞/碲化镉(HgTe/CdTe)拓扑绝缘体以及碳勒烯球笼、碳烯纳米管、石墨烯薄膜等提供极小子流形的量子色动力学的新解读。

[习强. 从咖啡环效应到拓扑绝缘体---非线性希格斯粒子数学讨论（6）Academ Arena 2012;4(9):1-11] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 1

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040912.01

关键词：拓扑量子 咖啡环效应 质量 极小流形

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Assessing the Impact of reforestation on household income in Gatsibo District, Rwanda

Alphonse Nahayo^1,*, Francine Usabye

Higher Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry (ISAE); Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation; P.O. Box 210 Musanze, Rwanda; Email: nahayo1@yahoo.fr

Abstract: This study was conducted in Kiramuruzi sector, Gatsibo district, in Eastern Province of Rwanda from July to October 2011. Its main purpose was to assess the impact of reforestation on household income. This area is subject to the deterioration of tree resources, poor conditions of living and reduced income in households. Therefore, this study is an attempt to investigate this situation. Data collection was done through the use of a survey questionnaire containing open and closed-ended questions. The formal and informal interviews were conducted with 67 household’s heads including the farmers participating in reforestation. Data were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0 Windows program and statistical tests such as Friedman and Paired samples T-test were used. The results showed that different forms of tree growing through reforestation provide many products and services. The wood for cooking is the main forest product with the low mean rank of 1.01. Concerning the impact of reforestation on the increase of household income, there is a relationship between the increase of crop production, animal breeding and annual profit from forest products after reforestation than before where the p-value (0.00) < α (0.05). The main challenges faced by farmers in reforestation include the shortage of land (86.5%), pest and diseases (89.6%), poverty (70%), poor management practices of existing forest resources (67%) and insufficiency of seedlings (40.3%). The reforestation is very important source of income for farmers and it contributes to the improvement of people’s conditions of living. Estimating the economic input of forest products at district level is recommended.

[Nahayo A., Usabye F. Assessing the Impact of reforestation on household income in Gatsibo District, Rwanda. Academ Arena 2012;4(9):12-22] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 2

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040912.02

Key words: Reforestation, household income, Gatsibo district, Rwanda

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评完美的证明说里奇流与协变---非线性希格斯粒子数学讨论（1）

白科大

Recommended by 王德奎, y-tx@163.com

摘要：世界科学工业生产模具，类似国际奥运、奥数的竞争。虽与诺贝尔科学奖的国际比赛有交叉，但两者是平行且前者比后者更基本、深厚。这可举前者的三代竞赛冠军来说明，他们是正囊括中美英俄大国运动员的杨振宁和米尔斯、霍金、佩雷尔曼。

评完美的证明说里奇流与协变---非线性希格斯粒子数学讨论（1）Academ Arena 2012;4(9):23-38] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 3

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040912.03

关键词：佩雷尔曼 机械流 里奇流

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Studies on Immunomodulatory and prophylactic properties of some wild Nigerian mushrooms

^aJonathan SG¹,^,bOlawuyi OJ¹ and Oluranti OO²

^a Mycology & Biotechnology unit, ^b Genetics & Molecular Biology unit

^1, Department of Botany& Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. Nigeria

²Department of Biological Sciences, BOWEN University, Iwo. Nigeria

olawuyiodunayo@yahoo.com

Abstract: The prophylactic potentials of five Nigerian higher fungi – Pleurotus tuber-regium, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Termitomyces robustus, Fomes lignosus, Lentinus subnudus and their combination in equal proportion (mixture extract) were investigated. The ethanolic fungi extracts were tested on sets of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) infected with selected bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonela typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus feacalis and Bacillus subtilis. Extracts were orally administered at 1.0ml concentration against 0.1ml/cfu microbial suspension intraperitoneally . Survival rates of the experimental rats were monitored. Mixture of these extracts exhibited significant level of prophylactic effect against all the bacteria in the host organisms.

[Jonathan SG, Olawuyi OJ and Oluranti OO. Studies on Immunomodulatory and prophylactic properties of some wild Nigerian mushrooms. Academ Arena 2012;4(9):39-45] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 4

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040912.04

Keywords: Prophylactic, Extracts, Survival rates, Infection, Bacteria.

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Dynamic Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Different Micro-Channels with Numerical techniques: Case Study

Dr. A.P. Singh¹ and Mohd.Ghufran Ali Siddiqui²

¹Associate Professor, Dept. of Physics Hindu College Moradabad

²Research Scholar, Department of Physics, IFTM University Moradabad

Abstract: In this paper we discuss these micro-fluidic systems; micro channels have been identified to be one of the essential elements to transport fluid within a miniature area. In addition to connecting different chemical chambers, micro channels are also used for reactant delivery, physical particle separation, fluidic control, chemical mixing, and computer chips cooling. Hence, the study of fluid flow and heat transfer in micro channels which are two essential parts of such devices, have attracted more attentions with broad applications in both engineering and medical problems. Heat sinks are classified into single-phase or two-phase according to whether boiling of liquid occurs inside the micro channels. Primary parameters that determine the single phase and two-phase operating regimes are heat flux through the channel wall and coolant flow rate.

[A.P. Singh and Mohd. Ghufran Ali Siddiqui. Dynamic Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Different Micro-Channels with Numerical techniques: Case Study. Academ Arena 2012;4(9):46-47] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 5

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040912.05

Keywords: fluid flow, single phase or micro channels.

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 Growth responses of Corchorus olitorius Lin. (Jute) to the application of SMC as an organic fertilizer

^a Jonathan SG¹, ^b Oyetunji OJ¹,^cOlawuyi OJ¹ and ^aAsemoloye MD¹

^aMycology & Biotechnology unit, ^b Plant Physiology & Soil Biology unit ^c Genetics & Molecular Biology unit

Department of Botany & Microbiology, University of Ibadan. Ibadan. Nigeria

sg.jonathan@mail.ui.edu.ng

Abstract: This study was carried out in a green house with the aim of assessing the response of jute plant to the spent mushroom compost (SMC ) application as a organic fertilizer. The potted vegetable (jute) studied were planted in pots and harvested after ten weeks of cultivation and it was observed that the vegetable planted on 20% SMC soil had the best growth followed by 30%, 50%, 0% and 100% SMC respectively (in terms of plant height, leaf number, stem girth, and leaf area). The results obtained for biological efficiencies (B.E.) showed that 20% SMC had the best above and below ground biomass with B.E. of 30.5% and 32.8% followed by 30% SMC (24.8% and 23.4% B.E.) and 10% SMC (15.9% and 13.9%), the least B.E. was 2.5 and 11% above ground and 3.3% and 14.2 below ground of the 0 and 100% SMC plants respectively. Moreover, the SMC was able to improve mineral composition of this vegetable. It was observed that, phosphorus and potassium were the best mineral elements of vegetable and mineral elements (iron, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium) were observed to increase as the concentration of the SMC in the soil increased to 100%.However, zinc decreased with SMC treatment, while manganese concentrations increased to 30% SMC. SMC application was found to increase the soil pH by ±2. The pH values of the soil treated with SMC increased significantly with the SMC percentages in the soil. It was found to have increased from 4.8 to 6.7 and 7.0 in the potted plant with the highest yield.

[Jonathan SG, Oyetunji OJ, Olawuyi OJ and Asemoloye. Growth responses of Corchorus olitorius Lin. (Jute) to the application of SMC as an organic fertilizer. Academ Arena 2012;4(9):48-56] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net/academia. 6

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040912.06

Keywords: Corchorus olitorius,, biological efficiency, SMC, biomass, organic fertilizer

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