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辐射量子论与自然的连续性 （一评量子物理学）

谭天荣

青岛大学 物理系 青岛 266071

ttr359@126.com

Recommended by Zhang Dongsheng, zhangds12@hotmail.com

内容摘要：本文证明：我们可以选择适当的连续光滑函数来描写一个量子的发射过程，使得对应的黑体辐射公式与普朗克公式足够接近，以致两者的差别的测量效果被实验误差所掩盖。物理实验永远不可能没有测量误差，因此，我们永远不可能通过物理实验来判断单个量子的发射到底是一个瞬间完成的“跳跃”，还是一个历时足够短促的连续过程。 根据“连续性”与“不连续性”的相互渗透性，自然界没有像“几何点”那样的“绝对小”的物体，也没有“一瞬间完成的”的“跳跃”。由此可以断言，单个量子的发射只能是一个历时足够短促的连续过程。 辐射量子论可追溯到如下三个前提，第一，物质的辐射过程是由一个个离散的原子的辐射过程迭加起来的；第二，单个原子的辐射过程是一个有始有终的有限过程；第三，在实验误差范围内，单个原子的发射过程所经历的时间，是可以忽略的。这三个前提不仅不与经典物理学相冲突，而且还是经典物理学所预期的，因此，辐射量子论并不与经典物理学相矛盾，并没有“摧毁经典世界”。

[谭天荣. 辐射量子论与自然的连续性 （一评量子物理学）. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):1-7] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 1

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.01

关键词：辐射量子论；普朗克；原子论；经典物理学；量子；自然的连续性；跳跃；阶跃函数；物理学规律；物理学范畴

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光电效应与麦克斯韦电磁学 （二评量子物理学）

谭天荣

青岛大学 物理系 青岛 266071

ttr359@126.com

Recommended by Zhang Dongsheng, zhangds12@hotmail.com

内容摘要：本文证明：爱因斯坦的光子论不能说明光电效应．因为按照光子论，光电效应是静止电子与光子的非弹性碰撞。按照这种机制，电子在吸收光子的能量的同时，也会吸收光子的动量，一个静止电子在吸收了光子的动量以后，应该沿光的传播方向运动。因此在光电效应的实验中，光电子的运动方向应该与入射光的传播方向一致，但在光电效应的实验中，光电子的运动方向与光的传播方向几乎是相反的。因此，光子论为光电效应所设想的机制违背了动量守恒定律。第二，光电效应可以通过麦克斯韦理论说明如下：电子有一个自身的固有电磁场，而光波则是另一个电磁场。当电子进入光波中之后，这两个电磁场的因相互迭加而场能突变，这个场能的改变量立刻转化为电子的动能，就像落体进入重力场以后落体的势能立刻转化为落体的动能一样。金属中的静止电子进入光波以后，将经历一个吸收一份光波并从静止转向运动状态的过程，如果该电子立刻作脱出功并离开金属，那就是光电效应。如果它接着又离开光波则将经历一个与进入光波相反的过程，从而再次改变运动状态并发射一份光波，这就是康普顿效应。

[谭天荣. 光电效应与麦克斯韦电磁学 （二评量子物理学）. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):8-15] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 2

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.02

关键词：光电效应；爱因斯坦；光子论；光的波动说；电动力学；落体运动；势能；迭加场能；洛伦兹问题；康普顿效应

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原子模型与经典物理学 （三评量子物理学）

谭天荣

青岛大学物理系青岛266071

ttr359@126.com

Recommended by Zhang Dongsheng, zhangds12@hotmail.com

内容摘要：本文证明经典物理学适用于卢瑟福模型。按照经典物理学，在卢瑟福模型中，电子的运动满足麦克斯韦方程，至于它满足该方程的哪一个特解，经典物理学本来就没有规定，只能根据实验事实给出。既然事实证明原子的状态经久不变。麦克斯韦电磁学是否适用卢瑟福模型的问题，就归结为：“应用于卢瑟福模型的波动方程有没有一个特解，使得原子的状态经久不变。”

推迟解与超前解是波动方程的两个特解，推迟解与超前解的算术平均值也是波动方程的一个解，它表示一个球面驻波场。它描写如下过程：电子绕核旋转既发射又吸收，发射与吸收达到平衡，形成驻波。这一特解符合原子经久不变的事实。这就表明波尔关于原子世界有特殊规律的论断是不成立的。

[谭天荣. 原子模型与经典物理学 （三评量子物理学）. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):16-23] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 3

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.03

关键词：卢瑟福模型；波尔论断；经典物理学；牛顿力学；电动力学；电子论学派；洛伦兹问题；电磁不可逆性；波动方程；推迟解与超前解

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Attitudes Towards English Among Bangladeshi Students: College Level Education

Nitish Kumar Mondal

English Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

 nitish.english@yahoo.com

Abstract: There is a continuing debate on the status and use of English in Bangladesh. Historically, English experienced rise and fall of its status and importance here. This is because of the change of attitudes towards the language in the passage of time. Thus, the researcher found it relevant to profile Bangladeshi college level students’ contemporary attitude towards English. The purpose of this study was to investigate Bangladeshi college level students’ attitudes towards English since this group of people is considered an important source of human capital in the development of the nation. Data for this study was collected through a questionnaire survey administered upon a sample of college level students and analyzed them quantitatively. The findings revealed that the respondents showed positive attitudes towards English. They also felt that Bangladeshi variety of English should be standardized.

[Nitish Kumar Mondal. Attitudes Towards English Among Bangladeshi Students: College Level Education. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):24-30] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 4

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.04

Keywords: Attitudes; English; Bangladeshi student; College; Education.

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评生命智因学与外星人

旗晨峰

Recommended by 王德奎 y-tx@163.com

Abstract: 生命智力智因与外星人风暴王红旗先生编辑的《重构人类知识体系》一书，解释“重构”是指万事万物的变化。而重构论或“重构学”是指研究万事万物变化，且注重实施者对万事万物的重新构造、重新建构的知识学问和科学体系。凡是发生重构的地方，一定会有相应的实施者。实施者可划分为三种情况：物质结构的自然变化，其实施者是万有智力；生命结构的变化，其实施者是生命智力；万事万物的人为变化，其实施者是人的大脑思维生命智力系统。

[旗晨峰. 评生命智因学与外星人. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):31-34] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 5

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.05

Keywords: 生命智力; 智因; 外星人;重构;大脑思维

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Survey study on the tick fauna of small ruminants on the University of Maiduguri Research Farm (UMRF), Nigeria.

¹Biu, A.A., ²Rabo, J.S., ³Dawurung J.S and ⁴Abubakar, S.I G.

^1&4Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

²Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

 ³ WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria

dawurungj@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: A survey of the tick species infesting sheep and goats on the University of Maiduguri Research farm was conducted. An overall prevalence of 64(64.0%) with 39 (78.0%) for sheep and 25 (50.1%) for goats was determined. Stereoscopic identification of the 401 ticks collected indicated Boophilus species to be most predominant with a prevalence of 225 (56.1%) while Hyalomma species had 176 (43.9%) (p <0.05) with most of the ticks found to infest the ears 145 (36.2%) compared to the abdomen 112 (27.9%), tail 85 (21.2%) and the legs 59 (14.7%) (p<0.05).

[Biu, A.A., Rabo, J.S., Dawurung J.S and Abubakar, S.I G. Survey study on the tick fauna of small ruminants on the University of Maiduguri Research Farm (UMRF), Nigeria. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):35-36] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 6

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.06

Keywords: survey, tick fauna, small ruminants, Nigeria.

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Production of Hygromycin-B antibiotic from Streptomyces crystallinus, AZ-A151: II. Parameters Controlling of Antibiotic Production

*Houssam M. Atta ¹; Afifi, M. M. ²; Elshanawany, A. A. ²; Abdoul-raouf, U.M. ² and El-Adly, A.M. ²

^1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. The present address: Biotechnology Department. Faculty of Science and Education - Al-Khurmah, Taif University; KSA.

^2. Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt.

houssamatta@yahoo.com and houssamatta@hotmail.com; Tel: 00966506917966

Abstract: Growth pattern and antimicrobial profile of Streptomyces crystallinus, AZ-A151 were studied on Starch Nitrate (SN) broth medium. An attempt has been made to evaluate the optimal cultural conditions for obtaining high yields of bioactive metabolites. The optimum temperature and pH for bioactive metabolite production of the strain were recorded as 35 °C and 8.0 respectively. Production of bioactive metabolites by the strain was high in Starch nitrate (SN) broth medium as compared to other tested media tested. The strain utilized starch, sodium nitrate and 200 ppm of vitamin H, as good carbon, nitrogen and vitamin sources for the elaboration of bioactive metabolites. The secondary metabolites exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, NCTC 7447; Escherichia coli, NCTC 10416; Klebsiella pneumonia, NCIMB 9111; Salmonella typhi; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ATCC 9763; Aspergillus flavus, IMI 111023; Alternaria alternate and Fusarium verticillioides. This is the first report on the optimization studies of bioactive metabolites by Streptomyces crystallinus, AZ-A151.

[Houssam M. Atta; Elshanawany, A. A.; Abdoul-raouf, U.M.; Afifi, M. M. and El-Adly, A.M. Production of Hygromycin-B antibiotic from Streptomyces crystallinus, AZ-A151: II. Parameters Controlling of Antibiotic Production. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):37-52] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 7

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.07

Keywords: Effect of Environmental Conditions and Nutritional Requirements

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Emotional Maturity and Adjustment Level of College Students

Armin Mahmoudi

Department of Studies in Education, Yasouj branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran

Email: dehlidena@yahoo.com

Abstract:The present study was conducted to see the adjustment level of the post graduate Students of Yasouj city. Emotional maturity was measured by Singh’s emotional maturity Scale (EMS). While asthenia’s adjustment inventory was used to measure the adjustment Level of the students. For this study a sample of 160 female students of age range 18-22years Studying in post graduate closes were selected from different colleges of Yasouj city. High Positive correlation was obtained between emotional maturity and overall adjustment.

[Armin Mahmoudi. Emotional Maturity and Adjustment Level of College Students. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):53-54] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 8

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.08

Keywords: adjustment, maturity, Emotional, Yasouj.

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Study of Security and Fraud Detection in Mobile and Wireless Network Technology

Deepak & Ranbeer Singh

Assistant Prof. Dept. of Computer Science, I.E.T. Group Of Institution, Alwar

Abstract: The fusion of computer and telecommunication technologies has heralded the age of in- formation superhighway over wire line and wireless networks. Mobile cellular communication systems and wireless networking technologies are growing at an ever faster rate, and this is likely to continue in the foreseeable future. Wireless technology is presently being used to link portable computer equipment to corporate distributed computing and other sources of necessary information. Wide-area cellular systems and wireless LANs promise to make integrated networks a reality and provide fully distributed and ubiquitous mobile communications, thus bringing an end to the tyranny of geography. Higher reliability, better coverage and services, higher capacity, mobility management, power and complexity for channel acquisition, handover decisions, security management, and wire- less multimedia are all parts of the potpourri.

[Deepak & Ranbeer Singh. Study of Security and Fraud Detection in Mobile and Wireless Network Technology. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):55-58] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 9

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.09

Keyword: Security;Fraud Detection; Mobile, Wireless ;Network Technology.

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Transmission Power Control Techniques in the Adaptive S-MAC protocol

Gaurav Sharma¹, Dharmbeer Singh², Garima Bhardwaj³

1. Associate Professor, at Lord Krishna Group of institution, Ghaziabad

2. Associate Professor, at Lord Krishna Group of institution, Ghaziabad

3. Associate Professor, at Lord Krishna Group of institution, Ghaziabad

Abstract: Because of the difficulty in recharging or replacing the batteries of each node in a Wireless Sensor Network, the energy efficiency of the system is a major issue in the area of network design. Other critical parameters such as delay, adaptability to traffic conditions, scalability, system fairness, and throughput and bandwidth utilization are mostly dealt as secondary objectives. Some sensor network applications adopt IEEE 802.11-like MAC protocol, which is however, not a good solution for sensor network applications because it suffers from energy inefficiency problem. The adaptive Sensor-MAC (S-MAC) proposes enhanced schemes such as periodic sleep and overhearing avoidance to provide a better choice for different sensor network applications. In this research paper we propose an energy efficient MAC (EE-MAC) protocol, which is based on adaptive S-MAC with added transmission power control techniques. The main contribution of our work is to introduce a controlled power transmission of RTS, CTS, DATA and ACK frames according to the adaptive S-MAC protocol. We simulate our proposed protocol i.e., EE-MAC protocol using ns-2.33 simulator for two parameters energy consumption and throughput, for determining the behavior of the proposed protocol. The simulation results show that our proposed EE-MAC protocol performs better than adaptive S-MAC protocol in terms of energy consumption and throughput.

[Gaurav Sharma, Dharmbeer Singh, Garima Bhardwaj. Transmission Power Control Techniques in the Adaptive S-MAC protocol. Academia Arena, 2012;4(3):59-64] (ISSN 1553-992X). http://www.sciencepub.net. 10

doi:10.7537/marsaaj040312.10

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network, IEEE 802.11, S-Mac Protocol, Transmission Power Control (TPC)

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