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宇宙大爆炸理论

李学生

山东大学副教授，中国管理科学院学术委员会特约研究员、北京相对论研究联谊会会员，中国民主同盟盟员, xiandaiwulixue@21cn.com

摘要: 本文首先回顾了Big Bang Cosmology的起源，介绍了Big Bang Cosmology能够解释的实验现象，然后分析了Big Bang Cosmology理论的困难。[Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):1-22]. (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.01

关键词：微波背景辐射、频率红移、Big Bang  Cosmology、暗物质、宇宙常数

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只有用经典理论才能正确地解释黑洞的霍金辐射

 张洞生

1957年毕业于北京航空学院,即现在的北京航天航空大学

永久住址: 17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, U.S.A. E-mail: ZhangDS12@hotmail.com

内容摘要：由广义相对论得出的黑洞是一个怪物。一旦形成，它就只能吞噬外界能量-物质而膨胀长大，在宇宙中永不消亡。霍金的黑洞理论证明，黑洞会因发射霍金量子辐射而会缩小消亡，使黑洞与宇宙中的任何物体和事物一样，具有生长衰亡的普遍规律。所以是霍金的黑的理论挽救了广义相对论的黑洞理论。但是霍金对黑洞的霍金辐射的解释却不能让人信服和恭维。霍金解释说，由于真空是大量的虚粒子对不断快速产生和湮灭的真空海洋。就使得粒子对中的负粒子被黑洞捕获而正粒子在外部世界显形，这就是黑洞中正粒子逃出黑洞的原因。这种解释是在用无法证实的新物理概念来忽悠人们。作者在本文中将用经典的理论证明：黑洞的辐射就是其内部的正粒子直接从其视界半径上逃离出来的。[Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):23-32]. (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.02

关键词：黑洞的霍金辐射；真空虚粒子对的狄拉克海；黑洞在视界半径上的能量转换；用经典理论解释霍金辐射

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辐射量子论与物理学危机

谭天荣

青岛大学 物理系 青岛 266071, ttr359@126.com

内容摘要：本文把普朗克的辐射量子论追溯到两个前提：第一，物质辐射是一个个原子辐射的迭加；第二，单个原子的一次辐射是一个“瞬间事件”，从而把它重新纳入经典物理学的框架。随后揭示连续性与不连续性的对立的相互渗透性；又以家族中的“辈分”和必然性的“等级”为例，指出自然界的“层次结构”，并从这种结构出发，考察了两个脍炙人口的科学疑难：数学中的“悖论”与物理学中的“热寂说”。最终从上述考察得出结论：物理学将因“量子”的问世而大难临头。[Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):33-43]. (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.03

关键词：经典物理学；辐射量子论；连续性与不连续性；形而上学；实证哲学；辩证法；偶然性与必然性；层次；悖论；热寂说

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解开太极八卦图为人类美好未来服务

孙纯武

江苏省扬州三力电器集团, 中国江苏省扬州市西湖镇59 号

电话: 0514 一 82822538 邮编225008; 电子信箱: yzscw@163.com; 博客: http://yzscw.blog.163.com

[摘 要]: 中国独有的古老的太极八卦图确实有着很宏奥的哲理，它也正在叩击现代科学殿堂的大门。由于年代久远，对今天的人说来，仍是一个引人入胜的谜：究竟它是受了什么启发怎么创造出来的？太极八卦图有那些作用？创造出它来究竟是为了什么目的？因此真正解开太极八卦图己成刻不容缓的事了. [Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):44-49]. (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.04

[关键词]: 八卦图图解; 来源; 功能作用等

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5

Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. ash on growth and biomass of Phaseolus mungo L.

Munesh Kumar and Sanjay Kumar

Department of Forestry, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

muneshmzu@yahoo.com, sanjayarya20@gmail.com 

Abstract: The aim of the study was to find the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus ash on germination, plumule and radicle length and biomass production of Phaseolus mungo. The study revealed that among the concentrations used 1% has enhanced germination, plumule and radicle length and biomass production and reduced with increasing higher concentration of aqueous solution. However, higher concentration over 3% suppressed all growth activities. Although the growth parameters when compared with control showed best in control. The study concluded that increasing concentration of ash has adverse effect on germination, radicle and plumule length, biomass of P. mungo than the control. Therefore, burning of P. hysterophorus should be avoided in the agricultural field to enhance over all productivity of P. mungo. [Academia Arena 2010;2(2):50-54]. (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.05

Keywords: Toxic effect, radicle, plumule, biomass

50-54

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6

Au, Sn, W and Nb/Ta Mineralization in Northern and Northeastern Burundi

 ¹Juvenal Mutima*, ²Jian Wei Li^a,b.

1.   Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Hongshan   District, 388 Lumo Road, Hubei, Wuhan, 430074, China.
2a.  Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Hongshan   District, 388 Lumo Road, Hubei, Wuhan, 430074, China.
2b.  State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan , Hubei Province 430074, China. mutima_juve@yahoo.fr, jwli@cug.edu.cn

Abstract: Burundi, located in the Northeastern part of the Kibaran Belt, hosts numerous important deposits of Ni (in Southeastern), Au, Sn, W and Nb/Ta (in Northern and Northeastern). Except Ni occuring within mafic and ultramafic intrusions; these mineral deposits mainly occur in pegmatites and hydrothermal quartz veins which are interpreted to be related to the G4 granites that intruded the Kibaran belt between about 1000 and 900 Ma. Gold deposits are spatially unrelated to G4 granites and occur preferentially within or near faulted, narrow synclinoria containing intramountaineous molasse deposits. Gold deposits are stockworks quartz veins types in quartzite wallrocks. Hydrothermal vein systems with tin-tungsten ore deposits are located within metasedimentary country rocks on top of granites highs. Rb-Sr isotope data on feldspars and micas from the pegmatites, as well as on whole rock samples from associated granites, were interpreted as indicative for a magmatic event at ca 980 Ma and hydrothermal overprint at ca 630 Ma, as maximum and minimum ages respectively. The origin of gold quartz veins is related to the processes taking place in the lower part of the crust underneath the Kibaran orogen, whereas the age and origin of the tungsten is still a matter of discussion. Up to now, the mining of these ores still small-scale explotation due to lack of an appropriate mining technology, the use of primitive equipment, the destruction of environment with no compensation. [Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):55-65]. (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.06

Key words: Kibaran Belt; G4 granites; Gold deposits; Tin-Tungsten; Nb/Ta, Burundi.

55-65

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7

Fundamental universal field equation Relating energy, Space and time

Manjunath. R.

#16,8^th Main road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010

Karnataka, India

manjunathr1988@yahoo.in

Abstract: Most fundamental assumptions of physics are concerned with the concepts of space and time, Fundamental concepts like energy, space, time related through a universal planck’s constant is mathematically represented by the equation E=X^2t/h ( Where E=energy, x=space, t=time, h=planck’s constant). The above expression was developed based on wave theory, classical mechanics, atomic physics and mathematical concepts. Equation m=X^2t/h(1+D) (where m=total mass content of universe, x=space, t=time, D=spacial distance, h=planck’s constant)  describes how space, time, mass, spacial distance are related to each other. The paper also describes how Fundamental concepts like space, time behave in presence and absence of mass in universe to some extent i.e influence of mass (gravity) on the behavior of space and time. [Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):66-69] (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.07

Keywords: energy, mass, space, time

66-69

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8

科学有什么用？

王德奎

y-tx@163.com

Abstract: This article discusses the function of science [Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):70] (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.08

Keywords: 科学; 技术; 理论

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9

Force exerted by Hawking radiation emitted from Black hole

Manjunath. R. (reader in physics)

#16, 8^th Main road, Shivanagar, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010

Karnataka, India

manjunathr1988@yahoo.in

Abstract : Hawking radiation (also known as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation) is a thermal radiation with a black body spectrum predicted to be emitted by black holes due to quantum effects. The Hawking  radiation  process reduces the mass of the black hole and is therefore also known as black hole evaporation. Force exerted by hawking radiation is defined as function of entropy of black hole emitting hawking radiation ,density of black hole and schwarzschild radius of  blackhole .The above equation    F =  K  ρ  /  rs S ( where F = Force exerted by hawking radiation  ,  K=proportionality constant , rs =  schwarzschild radius of black hole,s = entropy of black hole , ρ =black hole density) was developed based on quantum mechanical concepts  . The above equation also describes outward force is exerted by hawking radiation  to overcome the gravitational force of attraction of black hole. [Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):71-75] (ISSN 1553-992X)

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.09

Key words: force,density,entropy

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广义相对论，奇点，黑洞，霍金辐射，宇宙起源，普朗克领域，宇宙黑洞，真空能，宇宙常数

 ====对当代科学界一些主流的新观念的理解和质疑====           

张 洞 生                              Dongsheng Zhang

1957年毕业于北京航空学院,即现在的北京航天航空大学

永久住址: 17 Pontiac Road, West Hartford, CT 06117-2129, U.S.A. E-mail: ZhangDS12@hotmail.com

内容摘要：现在爱因斯坦的广义相对论方程几乎与所有当代的物理学的新观念联系在一起。比如，宇宙起源，奇点，黑洞，零点能，真空能，N维空间等等。然而，已经观测到的物理真实往往证实这些与广义相对论方程相结合的新观念的虚幻性和谬误。其中最明显而困惑科学家们数十年的“奇点”问题就是其中之一。宇宙中根本没有具有无穷大密度“奇点”存在的任何迹象。再如，按照J. Wheeler等估算出真空的能量密度可高达10⁹⁵g/cm³。^[9] 这些都是不可思议的。。在本文中，作者改采用霍金的黑洞量子辐射理论，只研究黑洞在其视界半径上的收缩和膨胀，而不研究黑洞的内部状态。结果，黑洞只能收缩成为普朗克粒子m_p,而在普朗克领域爆炸消失，不可能最后收缩成为“奇点”。作者并由此证实许多新观点和结论比现代故弄玄虚的科学新观念显得更为可信可靠。[Academia Arena, 2010;2(2):76-99] (ISSN 1553-992X).

doi:10.7537/marsaaj020210.10

关键词：广义相对论，黑洞；奇点；宇宙黑洞；黑洞的霍金辐射；宇宙起源；字宙监督原理；普朗克领域；零点能；真空能；宇宙常数；N维空间；宇宙加速膨胀；多宇宙

76-99

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